Muna 1802, jenasi rakatsanangurwa, uye rakapiwa zita rokuti A. Gusman - botanist weSpain. Gusmania inomera inopisa, iyo yakawanda yekushisa kwekuyerera ndeye 25 ° C. Vanogara mumatondo emvura inopisa, kukura zvose epiphytes mumiti uye muvhu semiti yepasi.
Mashizha aya ane ma-rosettes akafanana, ayo ose akareba uye akaenzana anogona kusvika 50 masentimita. Mashizha akazara, anogona kuva variegated, uye anogona kuva akajeka, asi kusvika panguva yekutumbuka kunonyatsosiyana kubva pachigadzirwa, chinowanikwa mukati memashizha. Mune dzimwe mhando dze guzmania, inflorescence inoumbwa pachikamu chenguva refu peduncle. Ruva rinotanga kwete zvisati zvamboitika makore maviri ehupenyu, maruva anoguma anopfuura mwedzi mitatu, ipapo mbeu yaamai inofa.
Kutarisira Guzzman.
Indoor gusmania zvinomera hazviremekedzi, saka zvinokwanisa kukura zviri zviviri munzvimbo ine shady uye munzvimbo yakajeka. Guzmania vanoda kuparadzaniswa chiedza, zuva rakananga, kunyanya masikati haadi, saka rinofanira kuva pritenyat (nokuda kwekudzikisa iwe unogona kushandisa shangu kana pepa rekare). Izvo zvakanaka kukura gusmania kumabvazuva kana kumavirira kwewindo. Pamuodzanyemba hwindo, muti wacho uri kukurawo zvakanaka, asi hauzobvi.
Muzhizha, simiti inogona kutorwa kunze mumugwagwa, asi kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kuitira kuti simiti isasvike kune chiedza chezuva, mapuraneti, mvura. Kana izvi zvisingaitike, imba yacho inofanira kunge ichigara ichidzivirira. Muchikwata nechando, muti unoda kumira zvakanaka, shading panguva ino inofanira kubviswa. Kuti uwedzere kujekesa, unogona kushandisa magetsi e-fluorescent akaiswa kure-kure 50-60 cm kumusoro kwechimiro (zvishoma nezvishoma maawa masere ekujekesa zvinodiwa pazuva nezuva rehupenyu hwehupenyu). Muchikwata uye munguva yechando, imba iyo gusmania inokura inofanira kunge ichidzivirira, asi haifaniri kunge iine mahofisi.
Mumazuva echando uye zhizha, muti unofanirwa kukura mune imwe imba inenge yakadziya inotonhora kusvika kune 25 о С (asi kwete pasi pe 20 о С). Munguva yechando, gusmania inogona kuiswa muimba inotonhorera pakushambidzika kukuru kwe 18 о С (iva nechokwadi chekuti kutonhora hakugoni pasi pe12 о С).
Munguva yekukura, simiti inoda mvura yakawanda sezvo substrate ikaoma. Zvinonzwisisika kudira mvura mumasangano ezvitsuwa, zvichida mangwanani. Nguva nenguva, mvura inofanira kuchinjwa. Mushure mokunge maruva, pamwe chete musati mazorora, mvura inobva kune imwe nzvimbo inosanganiswa.
Muchando, kunwa kunofanira kunge kuri kuenzanisa. Mune nguva ino, haufaniri kudururira mvura mumumhanzi, kungosvibisa mupuri. Mvura haina kudururira muhomwe uye mushure mokunge mbeu yacho yapera, zvisati zvadaro muti unotanga kuora!
Kana guzmania ichikura pa bromeliad muti, kana kamwe kamwe kwemazuva gumi mbeu yacho inofanira kubviswa kubva pakutsigirwa uye inyura mumvura yakagadziriswa. Mushure mekuzadza, tsvina mvura yakawanda uye dzokera kunzvimbo. Mvura yekudiridza inofanira kuva yakanyorova uye yakagadziriswa, kupisa kwemvura kunofanira kuva 2-3 o C pamusoro pekupisa kwemukati.
Kana kutonhora muimba kuchipfuura madigiri makumi maviri munguva yechando, iwe dzimwe nguva unofanira kudurura mvura shoma mukati mechipfuva.
Guzmania - Zvirimwa zvinoda hunyoro huzhinji, saka mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura achava gorofu rinopisa kana kuti terrarium. Miti yacho inoda kugara ichirasira (kazhinji pazuva). Kana hunyoro husina kukwana, iwe unogona kuisa muti wacho pahutete nematombo, mvura yakadzika, yakawedzerwa ivhu. Pasi yehari harifaniri kunge iri mumvura. Nguva nenguva, mashizha anofanira kucheneswa nemucheka wakaoma kuti aachenese kubva muguruva. Wakisi yakakosha, iyo inopa mashizha kupenya haisi kudiwa kushandisa.
Top-dressing inofanira kuitwa kubva muna May kusvika muna August. Top dressing inogadzirwa kamwe mumazuva makumi matatu. Fertilizer inofanira kucheneswa nemvura yekudiridza uye inodururwa muhomwe.
Kuti uwane fertilizer, unofanira kutenga mushonga unokosha we bromeliads. Iwe unogona kushandisa manyowa edzimba dzekugara, asi iwe unofanirwa kuutora kane zvishoma kudarika yemiti inowanikwa. Nhamba ye nitrogen mumumanyorera inofanira kuva yakaderera, sezvo kuwandisa kunotungamirira kurufu rweGuymania.
Sezvakakosha, muti wacho unotemwa, asi kwete kakawanda kupfuura kamwe chete makore maviri kusvika matatu. Mutsipa wechimiro hausi kupera panguva yekugadzirwa, nokuti chimiro ichi chinogona kufa.
Mirairo yekurwmania inokura inofanira kunge yakazara, iyo iyo inofanira kunge yakagadzirirwa zvakanaka (1/3 pot, kwete pasi).
Nepiphytic species ye guzmania, substrate inofanira kunge ine zvikamu zvitatu zvepine bark rakapwanyika, 1 chikamu chephagnum yakasarudzwa, chikamu che peat moss, chikamu chimwe chemashizha pasi, 1/2 chikamu chemvura pasi (unogona kutora yakaoma mullein), nemapande emarasha uye perlite.
Nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeGuzzmania, ivhu rinofanira kunge rine 2 zvikamu zvemashizha, 1 chikamu humus, 1 chikamu peat, 0.5 chikamu jecha, pamwe nekuwedzera kwe sphagnum, sod land, bark ye coniferous miti, marara. Nokudyara, ndiro huru dzakanaka kudarika midziyo yakadzika.
Kubereka.
Izvi zvinowanikwa nevana, zvishoma nezvishoma nembeu.
Mbeu inodyarwa mu peat nejecha kana mu sphagnum yakasarudzwa. Mbeu isati yasara inofanira kushambidzwa mune imwe nzira isina simba ye potassium permanganate, iyo yakaoma. Mbeu dzinomera chete muchiedza, saka hazvivhuri muvhu. Panguva ino, kutonhora kunofanira kuva 22-24 degrees. Mukuwedzera, kugara uchitsvaira uye kuputika kwemhepo kunokosha. Mbeu dzinobuda shure kwemazuva gumi nemaviri, uye mushure mekunge mwedzi miviri inosvetuka ichiputira mumusanganiswa unosanganisira 1 chikamu chevhu sod, 2 chikamu chemashizha, 4 zvikamu zve peat. Uye pashure pehafu yegore mbeu dzakasimba dzakasimwa. Kwemakore 3-4, miti miduku inotanga kukura.
Vana vezvirimwa zvinomera zvinowedzera nyore nyore. Pakuguma kwemaruva, mbeu yacho inofa, asi iyo yakafanana neiyi, mapapiro ekuvandudzwa anotanga kumutsa pasi, iyo inopiwa nevana vakawanda, iyo inopera mwedzi miviri inoita midzi isina simba uye matatu kusvika mana mashizha. Muhope isati yapfuura, unoda kudururira sphagnum, kana substrate yezvikamu zvitatu zvemashizha pasi, 1 chikamu chepine bark uye chikamu chimwe chejecha.
Iyo ndiro inogadzirirwa muimba ine kutonhora kwe 26 uye yakafukidzwa ne pachena pe polyethylene kana girazi cap. Mushure mekunge michero yave yakasimba uye yakadzika midzi, inofanirwa kuve yakajaira kumamiriro ekutarisira vanhu vakuru.
Yakaora: mealy blackened, nhoo.