Tuberculosis chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nebirillus tubercle (zita risina kubhadhara ndiro kushandiswa), rinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwechimwe chimiro muzviviri uye maviri evanhu. Maererano nehuwandu, muRussia kupararira kwechirwere ichi ndechikamu makumi mashanu nezana nezana zvevanhu. Zvinosuruvarisa, pamusoro pemakore maviri akapfuura, chiitiko pakati pevana chakakura nekusvika 26%. Kwenguva yokutanga chirwere ichi chakanyatsodzidzwa naRobert Koch muna 1884m. Nhasi, vanodzidza nezvemapato (phthisiatricians, vanachiremba vanorapa varwere vane tuberculosis) kusiyanisa zvitatu zvitatu zvechirwere ichi:
- Kubatwa neTiberculosis, kunyanya kuvana nevechiri kuyaruka, ndiyo danho rekutanga rechirwere, iro rinogona kupfuura risina kurapwa kana mwana ane simba rekudzivirira;
- Tuberculosis yemhepo yekufema - kazhinji, ichi chiremera chemapapu;
- Tuberculosis yezvimwe nhengo uye zvirongwa ndiyo chirwere chakaipa kwazvo (tuberculosis yemapfupa nemapfundo, mumatumbo chechirwere chepachifu, chibharo chetachiona, nezvimwewo)
Kufanana nezvirwere zvose zvinopararira, tuberculosis haina kuonekwa pasina. Kazhinji vanotakura vanhu vane chirwere chetachiona (vane utachiona hwezvinhu zvakachena uye zvinhu zveimba), pamwe nemhuka - kunyanya vaduku, mombe. Uyezve, chirwere ichi chinogona kutapurirwa nemadonhwe emhepo, kuburikidza neguruva rine zvikamu zvehutachiona (chinyorwa: iyi bhakitiriya inogona kugara munzvimbo imwe chete kusvikira pagore uye isingazviratidzi pakarepo; kuparadzwa kwayo mumamiriro ekunze kunoshandiswa nechiedza chezuva, kuvira uye kujekesa nemirairo chaiyo ), kuburikidza nenyama yakagadzirirwa kubva kubhakitiriya yehutachiwana hwemhuka, pamwe nekupinza nekukuvadzwa paganda.
Kazhinji kacho, chirwere chepachifu, zvisinei nokuti chimiro chei, chinoratidzwa nevana vakwegura uye kuchikoro. Zvinonyanya kuitika uye, zvinosuruvarisa, kwete 100% kudzivirirwa pakurwara uku ndiko kuongorora kweMantoux (chinyorwa: iyi inoculation inowanikwa kuvana kana vari mumakirasi 4, 7, 10, uye inoculation kubva muchirwere chetachiona inoitwa kumucheche muchipatara chekuberekwa pa3, 5 uye 7th zuva rakatevera mushure mokuberekwa, pane zvingasarudzwa zvokuita kuti vazove gare gare) - izvo zvinonzi chirwere, izvo zvinoitirwa vana panguva dzakasiyana. Izvi zvirwere zvepiritus inotapira mumutengo muduku, iyo inobatsira kuona kuvepo kwehutachiwana mumuviri wemwana, kana kuti zvinopesana kusimbisa hutachiona hwahwo. Nzira yekuziva kana mwana wako ane chikonzero chakanaka kana kwete? Nzira iyi kubva pane iyi inowanzoita mashoma mamita, kana iine hutachiwana mumuviri, iyo ichazviratidza pakarepo: yekutanga, nenzira yekucheka nzvimbo yejojo, kubwinya, kunogona kutonhora, uye kuwedzerwa nzvimbo yekubatanidza kunopfuura 12 mm. Muchiitiko ichi, unofanirwa kuonana nechiremba wako weTB.
Tingaziva sei zviratidzo zvechirwere chetachiona, zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasi pemhando ipi? Izvi zvichakurukurwa gare gare.
Tiri kurarama munguva inofambira mberi, apo vana vari kuchikoro vanowana mutoro mukuru, vachiri kuenda kuchikoro chinowedzera uye vachiita zvimwe zvekuita. Nokuda kweizvi
chinokonzera kushandiswa kwemazuva ose, kuneta uye kunyange kuonda, vabereki vangasaona zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekuwedzera zvirwere zvinotapukira. Zviratidzo zvakajeka zvechirwere chinosanganisira: kuneta, kutonhora, musoro, kuneta, kukura, tachycardia, lymph node kuvhiringidzika, fivha, bronchitis, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri uye kunyange kurwadziwa pazvinenge zvichinetsa mudumbu, dzimwe nguva kuwedzera chiropa uye chirwere. Kazhinji kacho, danho rekutanga rechirwere chetachiona rakanyanya kufanana nehutachiona, apo mwana anoramba achikanganiswa uye ane fivha refu - kana zvinodhaka zvinorwisa zvirwere hazvibatsiri, izvi zvingava chiratidzo chokutanga chekutapukirwa. Kana pane kusava nechokwadi kwechirwere ichi, kutanga kune zvose, zvakakosha kuita x-ray, kazhinji munhu anogona kuona rima pamidzi yemapapu kana dzimwe nhengo zvichienderana, kubva pachiremera, asi ichi hachisi nguva dzose chiratidzo chinopenya. Chiratidzo chinowanzozivikanwa chichiri kupisa kwakanyanya, kunotora nguva yakareba kudarika neyekugara kwechirwere kana kufanidza kupisa, kuputika kwemakirinikodhi emapoka akawanda, kana kuongororwa kwemazuva ose kunowanikwa, uye muropa-kuwedzera kwe ESR (chinyorwa: chiyero che erythrocyte sedimentation), mumapapu - mhemberero dzisingagumi, mumuginho - purogiramu yakawanda yeprotheni.
Zvakakosha kugara muhuwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzechirwere chetachiona uye zviratidzo zvayo, uye funga nezvekuchengetedza kuitira kuti kurapwa kwechirwere ichi chisarwara.
- Kana mwana wacho aine: kuwedzera kuduku kwekushisa, pamwe nekuputika kwema-lymph node, uye zvichida mumuviri wake akapinda mu bacillus ye tubercle, iyo inopa hupfu hwakakosha hunochinja hutano hwomunhu chero upi zvake. Urwu hutachiona hunonzi tubercular kudhakwa , iyo inowanzove pakati pevana . Kana iwe uine nguva yekutsvaga chimiro ichi pakutanga, inogona kuraswa nyore nyore, asi kana iwe chete uchibatanidza: kurapwa kunorayirwa nachiremba, kurovedza muviri uye kufamba mumhepo yakachena, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwezuva nezuva - mwana wako achakurumidza kudzorera.
- Kakawanda vana vanotora tuberculosis yezvipembenene zvebronchial . Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvehutano hwechirwere izvi zvakafanana nehosha, sezvataurwa pakutanga (kutonhora, kukohwa). Asi rudzi urwu rwehutachivha harusi nguva dzose rwunoratidzwa nenzira yekushanda yakakwirira. Mwana wacho anotanga kushayiwa uremu, anowedzera kuneta uye anonoka, kukohwa kunowedzera kwenguva.
- Tuberculosis yemapapu inonyanyoonekwa kune vanhu vakuru, asi vana vari kurwara, asi kazhinji. Apo vana vatsva vanorohwa, chiratidzo chakajeka uye zana muzana yeiyi ndiyo yakanyanya kupisa. Pulmonary TB yakanyanya kuoma kurapa vana kupfuura chirwere chetachiona chezvitsvuku zvebhonchi. Asi kana uchitanga nenguva uchirapa uye kurwisana nechirwere ichi zvakasimba uye nekusingaperi, iwe unogona kukunda chirwere.
- Tuberculosis yemapfupa kana majoini inogona kutungamirira pakuumbwa kwechimbichimbi kana kuti kuchenesa kana kurapwa kusati kwatanga panguva. Kazhinji kacho mune chirwere ichi, vana vanonyunyutira marwadzo muzvibatanidza, mishonga - iwe unoda kuonana nachiremba pakarepo, zvisati zvaitika mushure mechinguva vangazotanga kunya.
- Imwe yenzira dzakaoma zvikuru dzechirwere chetachiona chinonzi chirwere chetachiona chemasiteri kana kuti tuberculous meningitis. Kazhinji kazhinji, inowanikwa kune vana mumhuri umo kune mave nemurwere ane chirwere chetachiona nechimiro chakazaruka. Nokudaro, munyaya iyi, nguva dzose kutarisa kwomwana kunokosha kuitira kudzivirira chero maitiro ehutachiona.
Kupfupisa, chero mwana anenge aine chirwere ichi anofanira kunge ari pasi pekuongororwa kwechiremba, kutora mimwe mishonga panguva chaiyo, kutevera purogiramu chaiyo yezuva, kupedza nguva yakawanda panze, uye kana zvichikwanisika, kunyange kurarama mumusha, kumusha - mu nzvimbo ipi neipi inenge iri pedyo (chinyorwa: nokuti chirwere ichi chinoda kuwanda kwemhepo inoshandiswa mumutumbi), mvura inogadziriswa uye sunbathing inokoshawo, asi mune zvishoma. Maererano nehuwandu, sezvakataurwa kare, chiitiko chechirwere chetachiona chinowedzera gore negore munyika yose. Kazhinji kacho chirwere ichi chinowanikwa mukana wakazaruka, apo mumwe munhu anogona kutapudza huwandu, uye kunyange nezviuru zvevanhu. Zvinosuruvarisa, chirwere ichi chinogona kubata vose vakuru nevana. Saka, pakugumisa, ndinoda kupa mazano mashoma asi anokosha kuvabereki vose pamusoro pezvipi zvingaitwa kuti kuderedze utano hwechirwere chemwana wavo nehutachiona ichi:
- Zvakakosha kupempa chirwere chetachiona munguva, pasina nguva;
- Gore roga roga Mantoux inofanira kushandiswa, uye nevana vekuyaruka, sekuwedzera - kufuratira;
- Kana chiremba wevana paanofungira kuvapo kwebhakitiriya mumuviri wemwana wako, unofanira kuenda pakarepo kune chiremba weTB uyo ari kurapa dambudziko;
- Kana pane kusava nechokwadi kana kuti bhakitiriya rave raonekwa, mwana anofanira kutevedzera zvachose mitemo inorayirwa nachiremba, uye chete vabereki vanogona kubatsira mwana wavo kuti akunde chirwere ichi.
- Zvakakosha kupa mwana wako nguva yakawanda: anofanirwa kugamuchira huwandu hunokwana hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa, kuomesa, kwete kunyanya kushanda uye zvimwe kunze;
- Kumanikidzirwa kumiremekedza mitemo yemwana wenyu kuchachenesa zvakanyanya mukana wokuwana chero zvirwere.
Iyezvino unoziva kuziva chifubu chetachiona mumatanho ekutanga echirwere chevana. Uye rangarirai, vabereki vanodikanwa, tiri kurarama muzana remakore rechi21, apo pane zvipembenene zvisingatauri zvirwere zvisingagoni kuraswa, tinoda kungoona utano hwevana vedu uye munguva yekukwanisa kuona chirwere chakakomba kuitira kuti chikunde kamwe chete.