Pamashoko ose anozivikanwa munyika, mvura ndiyo inowanikwa pasi rose. Mumvura, zvose zvinoputika, uye munhu haasi iyeye. Kubva pane zvesayenzi zvemaonero, mavhareji ose evanhu vakuru pavhareji ane 40% chete ye "yakaoma masara", nezvimwe zvose ... mvura. Zvinotendwa kuti pasina kushandisa mvura inogona kurarama kwevhiki imwe chete. Mhepo chete uye kurara hazvina kunaka kumitumbi yedu. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotarisirwa kuhutano, kunyanya zvicherwa uye kutsvakurudza zvinhu, zvinoshandiswa kubva pamakumbo emimba chete semvura inogadziriswa. Basa remvura, zvose mukuchengetedza hutano, uye kukura kwehutano huri pachena. Mubvunzo unomuka - rudzi rwemvura runobatsira mumuviri womunhu, uye izvo zvisiri. Izvi tichaedza kuongorora munyaya ino.
Zvinoita here kunwa mvura?
Muzvisikwa, mvura "yakachena", kureva, H 2 O uye hapana chimwezve, inongova mvura chete yemvura. Asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, kubva panguva yekare, yakashandiswa kunwa chete sekupedzisira kushandura, ndiko kuti, kana pane mukana chaiwo wekufa nenyota. Zviri pachena kuti chokwadi ichi chisina kujeka chikonzero chemazana emakore ekutsvakurudza achishandisa nzira yekuramba yakagadzikana. Ihwo huchenjeri hunowanikwa nenzira iyi hunoti: mvura inobatsira michero uye kushambidza nguo, uye nekunwa - kwete.
Kunyangwe paiva nedzimwe pfungwa dzakawanda. Semuenzaniso, iye anonzi Abu Ali Ibn Sina, kana kuti Avicenna chete, aidavira kuti "mvura inonaya ndeyemvura yakanaka, kunyanya iyo inowira muzhizha kubva kumheni," asi kwete "kubva kumakore anotinhwa nemhepo ine mhepo" / 1 /. Kunyangwe mune zvepakati pezvakanaka zveMiddle Ages, murume akachenjera akarayira mvura inopisa, inounganidzwa kana zvichida mushure mvura, kuitira kuti isadzivirire "kuora mwoyo". Mukana mukuru kwazvo wekudzima nyota yako kune munhu kuitira kubatsirwa kwehupenyu ndiyo chiremba mukuru weCentral Asia uyo aifunga nezvezvitubu zvepanyama apo mvura inomhanyisa kunze, yakakweverwa ne "simba riri mukati mairo." Mvura yematsime nemigero yepasi pevhu yaifungidzirwa kuva yakaipisisa kupfuura yakasviba, uye iyo "yakange yakarongedzwa nemapapiro mumatope ekufambisa" yakanga isingabatsiri zvachose.
Muchiedza chesayenzi yemazuva ano, chinangwa chekutsvaga nekusimbisa, chii chakazivikanwa kare, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti sei mvura inobva kudenga isingabatsiri mumuviri womunhu. Kutanga, mvura, iyo inoputika kubva pamusoro penyika, munyika yanhasi yakasvibiswa zvikuru nekutakura nemabhizimusi. Kunatswa kwegungwa rechishanu kunosasa zvakawanda zvingadiwa. Pamusoro pemitemo yakawanda ikozvino inogara ichimirira kuputika. Nokudaro, pachinzvimbo chekucheneswa panguva yekukwira kumatenga, mvura inonaya inowedzera kuwanikwa kusina kutarisirwa kusingatarisirwi. Iine arsenic, mutungamiri, mercury, sulfur uye nitrate. Mvura ine ammonia, carbon disulphide, mishonga inouraya uye mishonga inouraya iri kuwira pamusoro pezvirimwa, uye mvura inonaya iri kuuya pamusoro pemiti uye zvinyorwa / 2 /.
Chechipiri, distillation yemasikirwo inorega mvura inonaya inobatsira muviri wemaminerari additives. Mvura yekudenga yakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika, naizvozvo kunyange mushure mekuchenesa hazvibviri kunwa kwenguva refu-iyo metabolism inoparadzaniswa. Nhengo yemhuka inowedzera kuwedzera mujeri muropa yezvinhu zvisina kukwana zve chlorine, potassium uye sodium, uye zvino zvakanyanya kuvabvisa kuburikidza neitsvo nemuyo. Mukuwedzera, mvura inonaya, yakasvibiswa kana yakasvibiswa haina kufadza mukuravira uye inonyaradza kudzima nyota / 3 /.
Ndeipi mvura iri mubhobho?
Kuzadzisa zvido zvinowedzera zvemaguta emazuva ano mumvura yekunwa, mavhenekeri akazaruka anowanzoshandiswa. Idzi ndiyo nzizi nemakungwa. Mushure mekutsvaga kwechitambo-neshizha (coagulation, precipitation, filtration uye pakupedzisira chlorination), mvura inopinda muguta iro mvura, uye kubva ipapo inoenda kune imwe neimwe imba. Saizvozvowo, unhu hwemvura iri mumakona hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda:
- Ecology yenzizi nemakungwa anoshumira sekutanga kwemvura kudya;
- Inyanzvi yehutano uye yehutsanana yezvivako zvemvura;
- Zvigadzirwa zvemvura pipipu.
Zvakanaka, ikozvino nokuda kwemashoko. Tatova kuziva kuti kunwa mvura kunokuvadza kune utano. Kana iri rwizi mvura, zvichida haingauyi kumunhu wepfungwa. Zvechokwadi, kunyange kutarisa kuti mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwematambudziko epasi pose, mamiriro ezvinhu ezvezvakatipoteredza emasvingo akazaruka akavandudza zvimwe, hazvina kuchinja kunaka kwepombi yemvura.
Nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu ehutsanana ehurongwa hwemvura achiri kusangana nemasimba ane kodzero. Chimwe chinhu ndeche teknolojia yekuchenesa iyo, iyo yakawanda inofunga kuti yakareba isingashandisi uye isina nguva. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinowanikwa mumatsetse ayo ose, mvura yepombi inonyatsoenderana nemitemo yehutsanana. Chero bedzi chlorine dzimwe nguva inodarika chimiro.
Iko kusina munhu anoda mvura nechlorine inonhuwira uye inonaka. Asi tichifunga nezvehuipi hwekukuvadza kunoitwa neklorin, vanowanzokanganwa nezvekubatsira kwayo. Pamusana pekushandisa klorini yekusaporesa mvura yemapombi, kubva muna 1904 nhamba yepachivi zvirwere zvakaderera zvakanyanya, kora uye typhus zvirwere zvangova chinhu chekare. Uye kunyange pasinei nekutsvakurudza kwakatanga muna 70-80. Muzana remakore rekupedzisira, iro rakaratidza kubatanidzwa kweklorini mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa necarcinogenic (chloroform), mvura yepombi inoenderera mberi kukurudzira.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti kukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa necarcinogenic mumvura hazvikwanisi kusvika pachikamu chakakosha uye zvinoenzaniswa nezvatinofema kana zvatinodya. Nokudaro, dhiyabhorosi haasi anotyisa sezvaanoita. Mukuwedzera, zvose chlorine uye chloroform zvinodzivirira kubva mumvura nekubikira (4). Asi kune mushure mekusafadza, izvo zvinoita kuti vagari vomumisha vadururire "mijini" chai muimba yega mushure mokutanga.
Kuvandudza iyo organoleptic yemvura yakakonzerwa mumakore achangobva kupfuura, marudzi ose emafuta ari kushandiswa kakawanda. Vazhinji vavo vanomanikidzirwa kushandiswa kabhoni sechinhu chikuru chinoshanda. Zvisinei, maererano nesangano reUnited States Environmental Protection Commission, chlorine, iyo inoumba chloroform nemasikirwo emasikirwo emvura, nemasikirati ematsotsi anoshandiswa kubva mumudiya wewaya anounza uturu hunotyisa zvikuru - dioxin. Kuti uongorore zvinokuvadza, zvakakwana kuti utarise chiso chaicho chaimbova Mutungamiri weUkraine Viktor Yushchenko.
Imwe pfungwa ndeye mudziyo wemvura. Zvakare, nekuda kweklorini, mvura yepombi inoramba ichichengeteka kwayo, pasinei nokuti inoyerera nemataipi ematare. Asi mvura iri kuchinjana mabhodhoro akawanda uye "eggplant", uyewo yakadururwa kubva mumidziyo yemotokari - kwete.
Tine mvura yorudzii yatinotengesa?
Maererano nedzimwe dheta, mumutumbi wepurasitiki yekutanga, mvura yakachena ye-artesian, isina kuchengetedzwa uye kushandiswa kwematangi, inotanga ... kuti "ibude". Zvechokwadi, vazhinji vakacherechedza kuti kudarika nguva yakareba, tsvina yakasvibirira inowanikwa mukati memukati kwebhodhoro. Aya ndiwo mavara ebhuruu-gorosi kana cyanobacteria inoshandisa tsvina yeBMAA, uye iyo inokonzera zvirwere zvakakomba zvehutano (Alzheimer's, Parkinson uye amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
Mhedziso:
- Zvakanakisisa kunwa kubva kune rimwe tsime mune nzvimbo yakachena yakachena, kunyanya kana yakabva kwayo isiri pasi pevhu, kureva, mvura yekunaya, uye inyanzvi "yekare" zvidimbu;
- Dhadza mvura inenge yakachengeteka, asi kunwa hazvina kunaka. Kuchenesa nekakisi mafikisi panzvimbo yezvakanaka kunogona kuva kukuvadza. Kana iyo yakasvibiswa mvura ichishanda yakasara klorini pamwe chete nekoni inopa yakasimba kwazvo dioxin chepfu;
- Tenga mvura kubva mumotokari kana kuichengetedza kwemakore muhupuro imwechete zvakare, nekuda kwekutyisa chepfu yezvigadzirwa zvehupenyu hwebhuruu-green algae.
Mabhuku:
- Pamusoro pemhando yemvura (mvura inonaya). "Canon yesayenzi yezvokurapa", Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna)
- Mvura mvura. Nyaya Yehutano, 1989, Nha
- OV Mosin. Kufurirwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa pamuviri.
- Chlorine mumvura yakanaka kana yakaipa? Nyaya yeSayenzi neHupenyu, Nha. 1, 1999.