Tsvongodza mukati mutsvuku
Zvechokwadi, tepi yekutanga, iyo pakarepo mushure mokunge yakabuda iyo yakatsamwa yevanhu inonzi yakasvibiswa ne "zvinonyadzisira", yakabviswa gore rinotevera mushure meLumiere "Kusvika kwechitima." Iyi firimu yainzi "Kiss," uye yakasikwa muna 1896 naTommas Edison pachake, uyo akazviitira zita risina zvakawanda pamusoro pezvigadziriswa sekunyengedza uye kuchenjera kwebhizimisi. Ikusvibisa "firimu" yakaratidza kuti zviri nyore sei kufungidzira nezita racho, kutsvoda kweVaviri Broadway vatambi - Mary Irwin naJohn Rais, nyeredzi dzezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira "Chirikadzi Jones". Zvakazoitika, kutora nguva dzakadai pamfirimu - pane kunyomba kumitemo yevanhu. Mumwe kutsoropodzwa akatsamwa anonzi "Kiss" kana kupfuura kana "kwete kuratidza chido chechikara icho munhu akabudirira asingagoni kutsungirira.
Panguva iyi, iyo firimu yakave yakakurumbira nekuda kwepakutanga nzira yekuona: yakaratidzwa mumatumba akakwirira aiva nemunhu mumwe chete (mufananidzo wematumba ekozvino kune peep show), uye kune mumwe nomumwe achiona zvakakosha kukandira mari mune imwe nzvimbo yakakosha. Hungu, uye muhofisi yebhokisi ye "Kiss" yakaunganidza mari yakaisvonaka: kuMoscow iye akaratidzwa paMetropole cinema yeiri rubles mashanu, uye muAmerica "cinematographs" ivo vakatotongerwa nekuda kwekudzivirira: kubva pamaminitsi matatu kusvika maviri. Hungu, muenzaniso weiyo mafirimu emhando yakagara yakawanda chaizvo. Uye vazhinji vavo vakanga vasingabatanidzi kutsvoda, asi nekunyorova kwevamwe vaviri, izvo zvatisingafaniri kunzwa, nokuti cinema yaive ichiri kurarama. Zvisinei, izvochetezvo "Kusvika kwechitima" kwakapedza mashure makumi mashanu chete, asi izvi zvaive zvakakwana kuti vanhu vose vabve mafirimu ekutanga mukutya.
Imwe nyanzvi yezvinonyadzisira pakupera kwezana remakore re XIX yakange iripo, kunyange kusvikira ikozvino musoro wekutsvaga kwayo yaive daguerreotypes ye "inopisa" zvinyorwa - zvose zviri mukana wekunyengera uye zvinonyadzisira zvinonyadzisira - nhau dzemakambani anozivikanwa nemuenzaniso wezvakaberekwa uye zviitiko zvekuita. "Kufambisa mifananidzo" yakazarura mukana wekuti uve nechiitiko chitsva zvachose - "zvinoitika pakuvapo." Nenguva isipi, mifananidzo yacho yakava yakachena mabasa oumhizha pakuenzanisa nemaviri "sekunge ari mupenyu" vanhu vari muvharheni rose, vachitsvoda muoni pamberi peziso ravo. Kubvira ikozvino, kufungidzira kwevanhu kune imwe simba inokurudzira, uyewo nekwanisi yekuita chero zvingambofungidzira.
Indasitiri yezvinonyadzisira yakaramba ichifamba pane zvitsvene zveunyanzvi hwakakwirira. Mugore rimwechete ra1896 muFrance, mifananidzo yekutanga yezvepabonde yakabviswa, iyo nyaya dzacho dzakaneta nemazita: "Vakaroorana vanovata" uye "Indiscreet". Uye yekutanga kubuda pefirimu firimu yakanyorwa gore ra1977. El Sartorio akafurizwa muArgentina (zita remutungamiriri harina kuchengetwa nenyaya), uye chinangwa chayo chakanga chiri nyore: mitambo yevatatu vasikana vasina kupfeka mumvura inovhiringidzika nedhiemon risingazivi kuti kubva kupi, kumanikidza vasikana vaduku kuti vaite zvepabonde naye. Nenzira, ikozvino mumufananidzo uyu takashandisa kugamuchirwa kwe "zoom" kamera - ipapo kuona maitiro muzvose zvayo. Uye chizvarwa cheGermany chekutanga, iyo yemhemberero yatinopemberera, yainzi Am Abend ("MuKusika"). Muchiri, murume akatarisa muhombe yevakadzi vanoita bonhora, ndokubva apinda mukamuri uye, saAverchenko akanyora, "zvinhu zvose zvinotendeuka! .." Sezvaunogona kuona, kubva panguva iyo mhizha yeIndonesia yekuona zvinonyadzisira yakatora danho riri pedyo nepfungwa dzezviitiko.
Zvisinei, tisati tamboona zvinonyadzisira zveGermany - nhoroondo yemabhizimisi akakurumbira akanga achiri kure, nepo olympique piquant cinema yaiva nechisununguko chine rudo uye chisingazivikanwi chiFrench. Kusvikira pamakore makumi matatu ezana remakore rechi20, zita rokuti "Firimu refirimu" raive rakanakisa rekuona zvinonyadzisira, zvakafanana ne "mafirimu ekare" emazuva ano.
Zvepabonde nemitemo uye kunze
Zvichakadaro, zvikamu zve "kunyadzisa" zvinopindawo mukati memafirimu makuru, izvo zvakajeka zvinyararire kubatana kwaro ne "teerera pasi". Muna 1912, firimu yeItaly "Ad Dante" yakatanga kuonekwa yakashama munhu, pamberi pekuona. Uye kwakanga kusina zvepabonde mumufananidzo: kwaive kushandiswa kwe "Divine Comedy", umo munhu mukuru anofungidzira vatadzi mugehena.
American model and actress Audrey Manson vakazova mukadzi wokutanga "ane zita", akabviswa pahwindo - raiva muna 1915 mufirimu "Inspiration", kwaanoita mutambo wakanaka (iyo firimu, nhamo, haina kuchengetedzwa). Chiitiko chemusikana uyu wechinhu chisingadikanwi chakanga chakaipa: mudiwa wake akauraya mudzimai wake, uye Audrey akapomerwa mhosva - uye kunyange musikana wacho akaregererwa, uye muurayi akaurayiwa, basa raManson rakapera. Mukupera kwema1920, Audrey akazununguka nechikonzero uye akaiswa muchipatara chepfungwa, kwaakafira, akakanganwa nevanhu vose, kare muna 1996.
Nyaya ye rudo rwepabonde imwechete yakatanga kubudiswa mufirimu yeGermany ya1919 "Zvimwe zvisingaiti kune vamwe", uye yekutanga gay porn "Telegraphist", zvinoshamisa, yakaonekwa munguva yakareba - muma1920 yose muFrance yakada rusununguko. Uye mumabonde ekutanga achitsvoda pachivako, Marlene Dietrich ("Marokero", mufananidzo we1930) pachake akatora chikamu, izvo hazvishamisi: mwarikadzi wemuchena uye mutsvuku haana kumbovanza bisexuality yake.
Mumakore ekuma1920, nokuda kwe "mifananidzo yakaipisisa" kwaive kune imwe nzvimbo yezvidimbu zvakatamirwa kubva kune rimwe firimu kuenda kune imwe, iyo yakasimbiswa pasina, kunyanya kubva kune imwe nzvimbo uye mumicheka yakafanana nemuchena wakatambanudzwa pamadziro. Kazhinji izvi zvaive zviitiko zvekunakidzwa kwepabonde kune mumwe murume nemudzimai, kazhinji vakaroorana (zvechokwadi, vakaratidzwa nevatambi vakanga vasati vari mune hukama hwepamutemo kune mumwe nemumwe, asi zvishoma nezvishoma kuonekwa kwehutano kwakaratidzwa). Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, izvi ndizvo zvakaitika muEurope: mufirimu yekutanga yeAmerica ye "porn" ("Rwendo" rwa1915) chikwata chebonde chekare chakaratidzwa. Uye kubva muna 1925, mhirizhonga yezvinonyadzisira mifananidzo yakava yakawanda. Imwe yematepi - "The Lady's Cabinet" - zvino inogona kuonekwa muPrague, mu Museum of Sex. Maererano nenyaya, akabviswa nehutano hweSpanish King Alfonso XIII. Uyu ndiwo nhau pamusoro pechiremba anoita zvepabonde nevarwere vake, uye mudzimai wake anomutengesa nekukwevera mushumiri nemusikana kumubhedha wake panguva imwe chete.
Mumakore makumi matatu, pakati pevadzidzisi vehupombwe - nhoroondo yemabhizimisi akakurumbira yakaonekwa sefashoni yemasanganisi evanhu vanoita zvepabonde. Ichokwadi, kwete madzimai akanaka-akachena-kufungidzira munhu weAsia kana weNegro anoita zvepabonde nemukadzi mutsvene, sangano panguva iyoyo raisagona uye muroto rinotyisa. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera kune mikana yeinemainema cinema, vatungamiri vezvifananidzo zvekuona zvinonyadzisira vakawana kuunganidzwa - uye pamwe nayo mukana wekuronga real kareidoscope yekuita uye kufambisa, nekufamba nyore kwekasi, kubvisa zvose zvisina kufanira.
Zvinonyadzisira
Vane makore makumi mashanu, ne "mwana wavo" uye vaine ruzivo rwakawanda mukufara kwenyama, kunyange zvazvo vaipomerwa mhosva dzevanhu, vakapiwa mafirimu epafirimu nemikana yakawandisa: kudai kwakakura - kuwedzerwa kwakakura zvakare. Pakazununguka zvekufarira uku kwakaonekwa magazini "Playboy" -kutanga kwayo yakabudiswa muna 1953. Izvo zvinonyadzisira zvemakore iwayo zvakanga zvakasiyana neyemazuva ano: zvaive zvatova nemifananidzo yakazara, vateereri vaitanga kupfeka zvishongedze, zvishongo uye shangu dzepamusoro-heeled, pamwe nekuita kuputika kwebhaini. Mukuwedzera, vasikana nevarume, avo vaimbova nameless, vakapiwa kodzero kumiganhu mune zvekwereti. Saka yekutanga nyeredzi dzinoonekwa.
Asi avo vasina hanya nemakumi 60 havana kuunza chero chinhu chitsva pakuona zvinonyadzisira - kunze kwekuti vhidhiyo yakashata yakapararira: muzera rekuda rusununguko uye mapiritsi ekudzivirira, vanhu vakazobvisa zvinyorwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye vakatsvaka kuzivisa izvi kunyika yose. Zvichida, kufarira mufirimu mafirimu hauna kuwedzera mune zvekuti upenyu hwechokwadi munzvimbo dzakange huchifadza zvikuru. Icho chiratidzo chekuti mufananidzo wekutanga wezvisizvo zvisati zvaitika mune zvevatambi chaizvoizvo vakaita zvepabonde panzvimbo yekutevedzera ruchiva rwakaratidzwa muna 1962 - iyo firimu yeSweden inonzi "Vanotiidza" Mods. " Asi mhando "yevakuru" yakagamuchirwa pachena: muna 1969 yekutanga yenyika dzose yakanyoresa zvinonyadzisira Germany. Ikoko ndiko kwakaita kuti ruzha rweGermany rave ruchitanga-nhoroondo yemabhizimisi anozivikanwa, neVashyries ayo anonyanya kushandiswa, uyewo isingakanganwiki "wunderbar" uye "fantasy"!
Kunyangwe kare , muna 1962, muBerlin, yakazarura chikafu chekutanga chepabonde, pasi pezvinyorwa zvinonzi "Special Shop of Marriage Hygiene". Muvaki wayo, chii chinonakidza, akava mukadzi - Beata Uze. Muhuduku hwake aive ari mutyairi uye mukadzi wokutanga muchengeti, mushure mehondo akawedzera nzira yekenderedzwa yekudzivirirwa (amai vake, kubva kwaive naBeata vakadzidza pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvisiri nyore, aiva gynecologist) uye, zvinopesana nokutsamwa kwevanhu, vakatanga kutengesa makondomu nemabhuku pamusoro pezvokuita zvepabonde kutanga nekutumira, uye zvakare mumutambo wayo wezvitoro. Pamberi peBeata chaive kukunda kwemafirimu emasikironi ekuona zvinonyadzisira uye kuzarura kweterevhizheni yeterevhizheni, pamwe neye Museum of eroticism muBerlin.
Beata Uze uye muumbi we Playboy Hugh Hefner aitarisira nguva itsva - yezera rendarama rekuona zvinonyadzisira, makore makumi manomwe. Yakanga iri iyo iyo mifananidzo yakajeka "Deep Throat", "Pasi peGreen Door", "Dhiyabhorosi mu Miss Jones" vakadururwa. Nyeredzi dzeSvondo, Linda Lovelace, Vanessa Del Rio, Ron Jeremy, John Holmes (akafuridzira firimu "Boogie Nights") akakunda mukurumbira wepenzi.
Izwi rokuti "zvinonyadzisira" rakapinda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kuenda kumafirimu e "vakuru", ayo akanyorwa pamutemo muU.SA muna 1970, yakava yemafashoni - kana iwe uchiyeuka, mu "Taxi Driver", yakarongedzwa muna 1976, hero ye De Niro inotungamirira musikana musi wekutanga mune iyo cinema, uye anoshamiswa nekutsamwa kwake. Iye zvino vateereri vemafirimu vasati vatsoropodza zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki mumafirimu avo, izvo zvinotorwa kumitambo: "Decameron" naPaolo Pasolini, "The Last Tango muParis" naBernardo Bertolucci. Hollywood vateereri dzimwe nguva vanotanga basa ravo nehupenzi - sai, somuenzaniso, Sylvester Stallone, akatanga kuonekwa pahwindo muna 1970 mumutambo "Fari paKitini neHerd."
Asi ma1970 yaivewo nguva yenguva yakawanda mumakambani ekuona zvinonyadzisira. Rwendo runokunda rwemhando iyi haruna kupukunyuka kutarisana kwevanyori vemitemo. Muna 1974, Larry Flynt akabudisa magazini yekutanga yeMagazini Hustler, uye muna 1978 akatongerwa nekunyadzisa - uye akakunda muedzo. Nharo yake huru yaive yakajeka inotevera: nei kupfura kubva kuhondo, kuratidzira ropa uye miviri yakasvibiswa, inofungidzirwa zvakanaka, uye kuratidzwa kwemavara akanaka kwazvo - kusvibiswa? Asi panguva yekutongwa, Flint akarwisa dhiyabhorosi wechisimba, akatsamwa nechokuti mapeji eHustler akanga asiri mavara machena chete. Somugumisiro wekurwiswa, Larry akaramba akasungirirwa muchecheti yake yeupenyu.
Ndakabvisa masayendisiti uye "Deep Throat", yekutanga firimu yakabudiswa pamakona makuru, uye nhasi uno inoramba iri inonyanya kubvisa zvinonyadzisa: ine bhajeti yemadhora zviuru makumi maviri, yakagamuchira mamiriyoni 600. Muna 23 US states, mufananidzo wacho wakarambidzwa kuburitsa. Zvisinei, mhirizhonga huru yakasimuka apo nyeredzi yemufirimu Linda Lovelace yakataura kuti murume wake Chuck Traynor, uyo aigara achimurova, akamumanikidza kupfura, iyo yaiva nharo yakasimba mukufarira vakadzikadzi vanowanzotaura pamusoro pezvinonyadzisira sechisimba chevakadzi. Linda akava mumiririri wesangano revakadzi rekuona zvinonyadzisira, asi akaurayiwa mutsaona yemotokari muna 2002, asina kuita basa revanhu vose.
"Deep Deep", semamwe mafirimu emadhora e "golden age", iye zvino anotarisa zvinonakidza kudarika "vhidhiyo inopisa" yemazuva ano. Huru dzekuona zvinonyadzisa uye dzisinganzwisisiki (mu "Deep Throat" iyo inongova neungano yegluing yechirume chechikadzi nemafambi ekutanga ekugadzira rocket!), Varo varo vane shumba uye vasina hanya, mumwe nomumwe ane unhu hwepabonde. Muchidimbu, mafirimu akawanda ezuva ranhasi evepafirimu nemavhidhiyo anotaridzika achifananidzwa nemutambo we nyama - plastiki uye kunyengera.
Pornstar Factory
80's uye 90 - nguva yekugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwemafirimu ezvemifananidzo. Iyo mafashoni inosanganisira zvipfeko zvinonyadzisa zvemufirimu unozivikanwa - kubva "Terminator" uye "Star Wars" kusvika ku "Nightmares paElm Street." Mune zvimwe zvose, zvinonyadzisira zvinova zvakafanana, "zvose zvakaenzana", zvose zvinoitwa: preliminaries uye ejaculation. Hazvisi zvekuti mambokadzi wepisitori iye zvino anonzi ndiye anonzi blue-eyed busty blonde Jenna Jamison. Pamusoro pegadziriro yekudzidzisa maitiro anoita kuti mutarisiri atende kune zvisingaiti - semhando inonzi fake uye anesthesia yemunharaunda kune dzimwe nguva dzakaoma. Zvinonyadzisira, kuzviisa pachedu semunhu asingatauri zvakanyanya, zvinoratidza kuti ndizvo zvakanyanyisa chaizvo.
Zvinonyadzisira zvekirasi yakakwirira zvakanyatsoremekedzwa, kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura iyo inotorawo mubayiro wayo, unonzi "Oscar yepabonde", - AVN Awards. Uye iye ane mamwe masarudzo akawanda kupfuura Oscar Cinema: vanopa mubayiro kwete kungoita matanho chete, asiwo unyanzvi hwehutano, uye zvekupedzisira hazvirevi unyanzvi hwemutevedzeri uye mharidzi - pane kusarudzwa kwebasa rakanakisisa, iro rakanakisisa rekuita zvepabonde uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehutano. Gay-porn, yakatanga kugamuchira mubairo mumasarudzo akasarudzwa, akawana mubayiro wakasiyana - GayVN Awards.
Kuenderera mberi kutevedzera firimu guru, zvinonyadzisira zvinokwereta kubva kwaari uye kubudirira kwekwanisi: saka, mushure mokubudirira kwezvino pfupi kwemazuva ezvakanaka (muzvinhu zvose zvezwi) James Cameron "Avatar", iyeye Larry Flint akazivisa chinangwa chake chekusunungura ZB-porn yekutanga. Vatungamiri ve revolutionary cinema vanoti Tinto Brass pachake. Ichokwadi, visiki vakanyadziswa nekuti mukana wokuratidza mufananidzo wakadaro hausi munharaunda dzose.
Muhupenyu hwavo hwose, zvinonyadzisira hazvina kungobhadhara zvigadzirwa kubva kune "hama yakakura" yakanaka, asiwo chimwe chinhu chakagoverwa nevanhu. Semuenzaniso, mafirita emakamera emabhizimisi akatanga kushandiswa nevashandi vepafirimu mafirimu - zvakange zvakakodzera kuti zvimwe dzivanze ganda risina kukodzera revamwe vateereri, uye panguva imwechete kushungurudzika mushure mekuveura ndebvu, kuvhara uye kubvisa kubva pane zvakawanda zvinotora. Creams for depilation, yakakurumbira zvikuru nekuda kwekuita kwayo, yakatanga kushandisa vashandi vekuona zvinonyadzisira. Kwavari, kondomu isingaoneki yevakadzi yakaumbwa (femidom). Muma1980, panguva yehondo yemavhidhiyo mavhidhiyo Sony Betamax neVHS, iyo yekupedzisira yakakundawo nokuti paVHS-cassette yakabuda zvinonyadzisira. Uye pakupera kwezana remakumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri, apo zvinonyadzisira zvakapinda paInternet, zvaive pazvivako zvepaisero zvekuti panguva yekutanga yakaonekwa ichibuda purogiramu yakanakisisa yekutarisa paIndaneti.
Vaya chete vasina kujaira zvekare zvinonyadzisira vanogona kufunga kuti ikozvino "mafirimu ekare" anonyatsojeka kupfuura mifananidzo ye retro. Mushure mezvose, nguva dzose zvinonyadzisira zvakaita basa risina kujeka, maererano neGeorgia Selyukov, mutambi wepabonde, MD: "Zvinonyadzisa zvave zvichiitwa kuitira kuti mutaridzi - kazhinji munhu - azviise panzvimbo yeimwe yevarwi uye nekuda kwemaitiro ekufunga kwepfungwa vanonzwa kufara uye kugutsikana kwepabonde. Chinhu choga chinopesana nenguva yedu kubva kune chekare ndechokuti zvinonyadzisira zvino yava nyore kusvika kune yekare, nekuda kweInternet. "
Zvisinei, kana iwe usingatarisi pane chimiro, asi pane zviri mukati, zvinoratidzika kuti vateereri pakutanga kwe XX nekumagumo kwezana remakore rechi20 vaida chinhu chimwe chete, zvisinei kuti mafashoni akachinja sei. Mune pfungwa iyi, zvinonyadzisira ndeyemhando yakanyanyisa, pasinei nokuti zvinokanganisika sei izvi zvinogona kuonekwa. Uye chii chinogona kuwedzerwa pane zvakasagadzirika munhoroondo yevanhu?