Munguva ino, hutachiona hweHIV hwakatora huri mamiriyoni makumi mana ehupenyu hwevanhu - vanenge 7-8 zviuru zvevanhu vanofa zuva rega rega, vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri zuva rimwe nerimwe.Nedzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, somuenzaniso kuSouth Africa, HIV inotyisa kumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu vose nyika. Vanenge mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu pasi pose nherera dzinokonzerwa neHIV.
Russia ndeye nyika dzakapararira kuwanda kwehutachiona hweHIV. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanopfuura 100 000 vane hutachiona hweHIV vakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo munyika, uye kunyanya kupararira kwehutachiona, maererano nehutano hunofungidzirwa, kunopera katatu zvakapetwa. Kubva musi waSeptember 1, 2010, paive nemapoka e 561 ekutapukirwa kweHIV mune vana pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu, 348 vavo vakatapukirwa kubva kuna vanaamai vavo. Panguva yekunyorwa kweHIV muRussia, vana makumi matatu vakafa.
Chidzidzo chikuru chakadzidzwa mumakore ehutachiona hweHIV, nyanzvi dzeUN dzinotenda kuti tinogona kudzivirira hutachiona hutsva nekuvandudza hutano hwekutarisira uye kurapa kwevanhu vanogara neHIV. Zvose izvi zviito zvekuita - kudzivirira uye kurapa - zvakakwana zvinoshanda kune vana.
Chii chakachinja?
Zvinoshamisa kuti kushandiswa kwehutano hwepasi pose kwakakurumidza kugadzirisa sei dambudziko rehutachiona hweHIV. Gore mushure mekutsanangurwa kwekutanga kwechirwere chacho, iyo inokonzera causative - iyo immunodeficiency virus - yakawanikwa. Pashure pemakore mana, kuongororwa kwebhakatori kwekutanga kuongororwa kwehutachiona hweHIV uye kuongororwa kweropa rekupa kwakaonekwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwanda kwezvirongwa zvekudzivirira kwakatanga munyika. Uye makore gumi nemashanu chete gare gare, muna 1996, mushonga wemazuva ano weHIV wakaonekwa, izvo zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa nguva uye hupenyu hwevanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV uye zvakashandura mafungiro evanhu kune chinetso.
Tsanangudzo ye "denda rezana remakore rechi20" yakaderera munhoroondo. Iye zvino, HIV inowanikwa navanachiremba sehosha isingaperi inoda kurapwa kwemazuva ese. Izvi zvinoreva, kubva kuchipatara chemaonero, hutachiona hweHIV hwave humwe hwezvirwere zvisingaperi sezvinonzi chirwere cheshuga mellitus kana kuwedzera kwehutano. Nyanzvi dzeEurope dzinotaura kuti nehutano hwehutano hweHIV, hutariro hwehupenyu hwevanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV hunofanira kunge huchienzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu vose.
Vamiririri vechechi, avo vaimboona kutapurirwa kweHIV se "chirango chezvitadzo", vave vachiriidza kuti "muedzo uyo munhu anoda kupfuudza nenzira yakakodzera" kwemakore mazhinji, uye achinyatsopindira muzvirongwa zvekubatsira vanhu vane HIV. Iye zvino hutachiona hweHIV hahuzi kunzi "chirwere chemishonga inodhaka, chifeve uye gay", achiziva kuti kunyange hupombwe husina kudzivirirwa hunogona kutungamirira chero munhu kuti ave nechirwere cheHIV.
Nzira yekudzivirira sei utachiona hwemwana?
Nzira huru yekuendesa kutapukirwa kweHIV kune vana inobva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura kana kubereka kana nemukaka wemvere. Pakutanga, njodzi yehutachiona hwakadaro hwakakura, 20-40%. Vana vane HIV vakaberekerwa munenge maamai vose vane utachiona. Asi hutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV hunoshamisa pane izvo vanachiremba vakadzidza kuzvidzivirira mumatambudziko akawanda! Kana pasina chimwe chezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde, zviratidzo zvekudzivirira zvinobudirira zvakagadzirwa nekuda kweizvi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya ngozi yekutapukirwa.
Mukadzi mumwe nomumwe panguva yekuzvitakura anongororwa kaviri kune HIV. Kana ichionekwa, matanho ekudzivirira anotorwa. Zvinosanganisira zvitatu. Yokutanga ndiko kutora mishonga chaiyo. Nhamba yavo (imwe, maviri kana vatatu) uye urefu hwehutachiwana, kubva kwahwo kugamuchirwa kunofanira kutanga, kunotsanangurwa nachiremba. Chechipiri ndiyo kusarudzwa kwe nzira yekuendesa. Sezvo mutemo, mukadzi ane HIV ane chirongwa chekusiya. Chechitatu ndiko kurashwa kwekuyamwisa. Amai vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanofanira kufudza mwana kwete nehombodo, asi nemukaka wakashandurwa. Zvose izvi, kusanganisira kupa kwezvinodhaka uye mukaka mavara, hazvina mari.
Dambudziko rekuparidzirwa kweHIV kumwana kusvika kumwana yakasiyana neruwa, izvo zvingangodaro zvakabatana nekukanganisa muhupo hwekudzivirira. Dambudziko guru nderokuti vakadzi vane hutachiona hweHIV vanowanzove vasingatendi mukubudirira kwekudzivirira, kana kuti havanzwi kuti vane mhosva yeutano hwomwana asati aberekwa. Kana mukadzi ane HIV ane chisarudzo chekubereka, saka zvinongori mhosva kuti arambe kuita zvirongwa zvekudzivirira. Muna 2008, hutano hwehutano hwakagamuchira mirayiridzo "Kupiwa kwekurapa kwevakadzi vane pamuviri vane HIV nevana vanoberekerwa vanaamai vane utachiona hweHIV", iyo inotsanangura zvakajeka kuna chiremba kuti, maererano nemazuva ano emitemo yepasi rose, kudzivirira kutapurirwa kweHIV kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana muchechi yakasiyana-siyana mamiriro ezvinhu.
Mwana anogona kutapukirwa neHIV kana kuburikidza nokuwedzerwa ropa risina kuipa kana kuti nemishonga yehutachiona yakasvibiswa. Yaiva kupindira mune zvezvokurapa kwakatungamirira kuvhutano zvevanaocomial muma1980 ekuRussia (Elista, Rostov-on-Don) uye Eastern Europe (Romania). Izvi zvinoputika, umo vana vakawanda, vazhinji vana vachangobva kuberekwa, vakatapukirwa, vakakurudzira nyika yose uye vakaita kuti vatore dambudziko racho zvakanyanya. Nemafaro, panguva ino, zvivako zvehutano zvinowanzochengetedza hutano hwakanaka hwehutsanana uye hutachiona hwehutano apo huchishanda neropa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kudzivirira matambudziko eosocomial zvirwere zvevana. Uyezve, hapana vana vane utachiona nekuwedzerwa kwezvikamu zveropa, izvo zvinoratidza kunaka kwebasa rebasa redu. Vana vaduku vanogona kutapukirwa neHIV kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde uye nekushandisa injecting drugs.
Nezve HIV
Kunyatsotariswa kwehutachiona hweHIV muvana - antiretroviral therapy (APT) - yakaitwa muRussia kubvira kuma90. Kuwanikwa kukuru kweAAPT kwakaonekwa kubva muna 2005 uye kunobatanidza nekugadzirwa kweprojekiti "Kudzivirira nekurapa kweHIV / AIDS muRussian Federation", yakashandiswa neUnited Nations Development Program uye neHurumende yeHutano yenyika yedu.
Kurapa kunogona kudzivisa kubereka kwehutachiwana mumuviri, iyo iyo maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinodzorerwazve, uye chirwere cheAIDS hachiitiki. Mishonga ndeyokushandisa zvinodhaka zuva rega rega. Iyi haisi "shoma" yemapiritsi ayo anofanira kutorwa zvakananga paawa, sekuma 90, asi mapiritsi mashomanana kana maapisules akatorwa mangwanani uye manheru. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvokudya kwemishonga zuva rega rega, nokuti kunyange kupfupika kwekutarisa kwehutachiona kunotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwekuramba kurapwa. Vana vane HIV vanowanzorega kurapwa zvakanaka uye kutungamira hupenyu husingaperi huri kurwisana nayo.
Iye zvino, vana vanotapukirwa neHIV vanobvumirwa kugara muboka revana. Chirwere chacho hachisi chokupikisa kwekushanyira goroke kana chikoro. Mushure mezvose, kune vana vane HIV, dambudziko munharaunda harisi rakakosha. Zvakakosha kuti vave pakati pevezera ravo, kutungamira hupenyu hune hupenyu hune hupenyu uye huye hunovandudza.