Kwamuri kutarisa
Pane maitiro akafanana akafanana mumuviri womunhu: ropa uye lymphatic systems. Kana ropa richishanda sechikafu, ipapo lymph ndiyo basa rekunatsa. Izvi zvinonzwisisika mvura (tinoidana iyo inopisa) haigadziri uye inobvisa kubva mumuviri zvose zvinokuvadza uye zvinokuvadza, kunyange kutengesa masero. Mumuviri wedu unobva kubva kune imwe kusvika pamamita maviri emvura iyi. I lymphatic system inosanganisira midziyo ye lymphatic uye nhengo dzemaine lymphoid, dzakadai sedymph nodes, spleen uye thymus. Nzvimbo dzechirwere chemuviri, semuenzaniso, pane toni, mukati mudumbu, duku mukati uye ganda. Lymph nodes (lymph nodes) inzvimbo dzevarindi ve lymphatic system, iyo inoshandiswa semafuta ekurasika. Semuenzaniso, lymph nodes yemutsipa inopa kudzivirirwa kune zvirwere uye maronda emusoro uye nhengo dziri mumutsipa. Mune lymph nodes inobereka lymphocytes (masero eropa rega, ayo aridziviriri makuru pamusoro pemhando dzose dzehutachiona, zvipembenene, microbes). Iyi ndiyo hondo yezvirwere zvedu. Nodhu idzi dzakachengeteka dzinodzivirira kuvhara kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinokuvadza muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagazi: munharaunda dzinopfuura "mavo" uye dzinoparadza "vatorwa", nokudaro dzichichengetedza zvirwere zvavo. Lymph nodes dzinowanikwa pamwe nemidziyo ye lymphatic, masumbu akadzika kusvika kumapande gumi pedyo nemidziyo yeropa, kazhinji kacho pedyo nemakwenzi makuru. Anenge mapoka makumi mashanu emakiromodhi akaparadzana mumuviri womunhu. Pakati pezvinonyanya kufarira kugadziriswa uye kuongorora - pamutsipa, nape, mumakumbo, zvikwereti nemabvi apfupa, nzvimbo inogomera.
Urongwa hwokudzivirira
Mune lymphatic system, pane zvakajeka "kupatsanurana kwebasa", saka lymph nodes haisipo zvachose, asi sekuti pamiganhu yenharaunda. Semuenzaniso, matononi anogara pamuganhu wepasopharyngeal cavity uye mapuropa emimba. Nhamba imwe neimwe inogamuchira lymph kubva kune izvo zvikamu izvo zvinopa lymph midziyo inotanga. Muchizamu chemarimine kune marudzi maviri emidziyo: midziyo inopinda mujinga inonzi kutora, basa ravo nderekurwira lymph. Imidziyo inobva mumakirini ane lymph nodes ine imwe dambudziko - inoshandura lymph. Nokudaro, lymphocytes dzine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana: pane nodes dzinoparadzaniswa. Ikuchengetedza lymph system ine "vashandi" - thymus, kana thymus gland. Uyu ndiwo mutezo unotungamirira basa rose re lymph system. Chimiro chakaumbwa musati mamwe maitiro e-lymphoid, pavhiki yechishanu yekuzvitakura. Inowanikwa seri kwechikamu chepamusoro che sternum. Masero emakumbo eropa ayo anowanikwa mumapfupa emapfupa, kupinda mu thymus, inoshandura kuva majekiseni asingatenderwi T-lymphocytes. Aya masero, pamwe chete neB-lymphocytes mumakirinikodhi, "kurwisa" miviri yekunze yemuviri. T-masero anofamba nomuviri pamwe chete nemaronda. Sekuri kuyaruka, thymus inotanga "kuoma," uye inoshanduka kuva chidimbu chinonzi adipose panguva inenge yakwegura. Nezera, lymphoid zvinhu zvinotsiviwa nemafuta, ndicho chikonzero vanhu vakwegura vari kutambura kukunda zvirwere.
Kana lymph nodes dzichiwedzera
Nzvimbo inotaridzika yemakirinikodhi uye kuwedzera kwadzo inogona kutaura nezvezvirwere zvezvikamu zvinopoteredza. Saka, nokuda kwezvirwere zvepabonde, kuwedzera kwemakirini anonzi inguinal chimiro, ane angina uye kuputika kwakasiyana-siyana kwehuro, mafundo pamutsipa kuwedzera. Munhu mumwe chete akakodzera anogona kugona kuvapo kwehutachiona kana chirwere kuburikidza nehukuru hwe lymph nodes. Mune hutano hwakanaka, lymph nodes hazvibvumirwi kushandiswa. Kazhinji kazhinji vanowira munharaunda umo kune ngozi inokura kumumuviri - utachiona kana tumarara. Asi chengetedza mupfungwa kuti ruzha runyoro mumutsipa runogona kupupurira nezveAARVI, uye kuora kwezino, uye kunyange iwe iwe wakangopedza kupisa muzuva. Zvichida lymph node ichadzoka kune imwe nyika yega pasina kupindira, naizvozvo hazvina kukodzera kuumba zvirwere zvinotyisa nguva pfupi. Dzimwe nguva lymph node yakanyatsorondedzerwa yakasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, inowanzotariswa nevanhu vane uremu hwepanyama. Muvana vakaonda izvi zvinogona kuva chinhu chekuvaka. Kunyange zvakadaro, inozivikanwa kuti kuwedzera kukuru kwehukuru hwekodhi imwe node - inopfuura 2.5 cm - inowanzoratidza chirwere chakakomba. Kunyatsoongororwa kunogona kuitwa chete nechiremba mushure mekunyorwa kwezviongororwa zvinotangira: kuchitanga nehutachiona husina maturo, zvino kushandisa dhiyabhorosi uye dhiyabhorosi yekuongorora dambudziko. Nokuda kwekuongororwa, kombiyuta inonzi tomography inogona kushandiswa, iyo iyo "micheka" yakaonda kwazvo inowanikwa - mifananidzo ye lymph nodes uye nechepamativi kune lymphatic system. Kana lymph node yowedzera, saka musingaiti iwe unoshandisa nzira dzevanhu: mazai okudziya, kutonhora kana kupisa, kuenda kushamba kana sauna uye kushandisa "lymphatic drainage compounds" nechinotonhora. Iyo mazamu ari kuvhuvhuta, sezvo pane kurwisa kushingaira nehutano hunopisa, zvose izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinobatsira kuti uone kuti iwe unoparadzira hutachiwana kuburikidza nemuviri.
Nzvimbo inorwara
Mukuwedzera pakwedzeresa lymph node, zvakakosha kutarisa kuvepo kwekunzwa kunorwadza. Muchiitiko ichi, kurwadziwa kunoratidza kuti lymph node pachayo inobatwa, uye kusavapo kwayo ndechokuti chirwere chacho pane imwe nzvimbo pedyo nayo. Uyu ndiwo mutsauko unokosha. Lymphadenopathy chirwere chisina kurwadza chinonzi lymph node, chinoratidza kuti chirwere chacho chiri munhengo kana mishonga iri pedyo neyode iyi. Kana imwe lymph node isuruvara, zvakakosha kubhadhara kana kutonhora kuchikwira, kana node inowedzera muhutu. Nzira dzakadaro dzinowanzoitika kunze kwemashure kana shure kwekutapurirwa kwezvirwere. Pakupera kwechikoro chekurapa, node dzinofanira kupedzisira dzokera kune zvayo. Kuwedzerwa kwechiremera chemakirini anokwanisa kuratidza chirwere chakakomba: utachiona, fungal kana bhakitiriya. Nechirwere chakakodzera uye nzira yekurapa, node pamwe nenguva inofanira kuderera muhukuru. Imwe pfungwa inokosha inopemha. Kakawanda, lymph node yekuwedzera inowanikwa mushure mekudzivirira kupindirana ne diphtheria, pertussis uye tetanus (DTP). Uye, pakupedzisira, vanachiremba vanopa hypersensitivity reaction kune mamwe mishonga uye zvinhu, izvo zvinogonawo kutungamirira kukuwedzera kwenguva pfupi mumakirini. Nharo yaDarwin yekushanduka-shanduka yakange yakasimba zvakanyanya kuvasayendisiti kuti zvinhu zvose mumuviri womunhu, izvo zvisingatsanangurwi, zvaionekwa sechinhu chisingadikanwi (chisinganzwisisiki, chirevo chekare). Chokutanga pane zvose, matoni uye zvinyorwa zvakapinda mumutsara uyu. Kusvikira pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi20 zvakatendwa kuti zvinokwanisa kuderedzwa pasina ngozi kune hutano, uye kwete mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuputika. Vamwe vanachiremba vakakurudzira kuti vabviswa "pamberi" kuitira kuti varege kuomerwa kana vakashanduka. Iye zvino vanachiremba munyika yose vakawana mhedziso imwecheteyo: vanhu vane gland kana kuti appendicitis vakagadzirirwa vari pangozi yezvirwere zvakakomba. Toni - inongova nhengo dzomukati mumutsipa uye mumusoro, uye dzinozvicheka-zvinoreva kubvisa chikamu chemuviri wechirwere chemuviri, kwete chete chirwere chekufema, asiwo kunzwa, kuona, uropi. Kunyatsodzidza kwebasa rematuni kwakaunza kujekesa kwakajeka: zvakazoitika kuti ivo rudzi rwekudzivirira maune immune. Uye toni dzinomisa kwete zvirwere bedzi, michina inosvika kwatiri kubva kune imwe kunze, kubva mumhepo kana kubva pane zvekudya, asiwo kubva mukati - kune kudzivirirwa kunoshanda pamusoro pekuchinja kwekenza. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti rudzi rweB-limfocytes, runofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri wekupemha uye chikamu chepamusoro chegumbo rekudya, rinokura pano. Nzira yekudya ndiyo nzira inofambisa kufamba kwezvinhu zvekunze nguva dzose.
Pano nokuda kwechiitiko ichi mumatumbo uye "akazarura" lymphoid garrisons, chimwe chezvinhu zvakasimba zvikuru - muzvinyorwa. Muchikamu chinoputika chekuwedzera kwemadziro, mazhinji emapurini anonzi lymphatic anodzivirira utumbo ave akawanikwa, zvose kubva kune zvinotapukira uye kubva kune zvirwere zvepachikafu. Nokuda kwezvizhinji zvemuviri we-lymphoid, appendix dzimwe nguva inonzi "intestinal amygdala". Izvo zvidimbu "zvinononoka" zvirwere zvinokwidza kuedza kuwedzera mumukati. Mukati mekuwedzera kune nguva dzose inoshandisa tsananguro yemudonzvo, iyo inobereka immunoglobulins uye mucins dzinokwanisa kuyananisa maronda kana dysbacteriosis inowanikwa. Panewo shanduro iyo appendix inodzivirira kupikisa uye nhengo dzemuviri. Nokudaro, appendix inobviswa chete kana chiitiko chacho chichivhiringidza. Kana lymph node isingokurudzirwa chete asi inoshungurudza, ichi chiitiko chinonzi "lymphadenitis." Izvo zvinowanzoitika nehutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana kana hutachiona. Asi musiyano ndewokuti ma antibodies ari munharaunda haasakwanise kurarama nehutachiona uye zvichida kutengesa. Asi hazvibviri kutonga chete nemanzwiro anorwadza pamusoro pengozi yechirwere. Semuenzaniso, muhuduku nekuyaruka, kupararira kwemononucleosis kunowanzoonekwa, uye kuvanhu vakwegura - rheumatoid arthritis. Imwe pfungwa inokosha yekuongororwa haisi nzvimbo chete uye chiyero chechidimbu, asiwo kuwanda kwayo. Izvo zvakanyanyisa zvikwangwani, zvakakurumidza chiremba. Usafunga kuti izvi zvinongova "wen". Ndizvo chete chiremba anogona kuita kuti uongororwe apo hupenyu hwehupenyu hwako hunoenderana nei.