Chinese cuisine inoonekwa seimwe yemafuta akaisvonaka uye akasiyana-siyana munyika. Inobva kumativi akasiyana eChina uye inoparidzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika - kubva kuEast Asia nekuNorth America kusvika kuEurope neSouth Africa. Nokudaro, chikafu cheChinese: chii chiChinese vanhu vanowanzodya - tichataura pamusoro peizvi.
Kazhinji, chikafu cheChinese kunze kweChina chinogona kuva chechokwadi kana chichigadziriswa kune zvinodiwa zvomunharaunda, kana zvimwe chimwe chinhu zvachose chitsva, chinobva mumitambo yeChinese uye zvaanoda. Kune zvakakosha kusiyana pakati pemitambo yemigariro yenharaunda dzakasiyana dzeChina. Kune mairi manomwe makuru emunharaunda yekutengesa: Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan uye Zhejiang. Pakati pavo, Sichuan chete, Shandong neHuaiyang vanobatanidzwa nemafungiro ezvokudya zveChinese.
Chimwe nechimwe chikafu chekuChinese chinowanzoonekwa sechinyorwa zviviri kana kupfuura zvimwe zvikamu zvikuru:
1. Iko inokonzerwa nemakhahydrates uye starch, inonzi chiChinese "dzhushi" (rinoreva "chigadzirwa chekudya"). Kazhinji, iyo mupunga, manodhe kana mantambo (chingwa chakazara, steamed) chinotakura ndiro kubva mumiti, nyama, hove kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi Kai (rinoreva "mishonga"). Iyi pfungwa yakasiyana neimwe inowanzodyiwa muNorthern Europe neUnited States. Iko, nyama yepanyama kana puroteni yemhuka inowanzoonekwa seyiyo huru huru. Uye vazhinji veMediterranean zvinodyiwa zvinowanikwa pastaita kana kuti nyika inoshandiswa mukoma.
2. Rizi inokosha chikamu chezvishongo zvakawanda zveChinese. Zvisinei, munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeChina, kunyanya chikamu chekumusoro, zvigadzirwa zvezviyo, zvakadai semasodle uye mabhesi, zvakanyanya. Kusiyana ne, semuenzaniso, chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweChina, uko kushandiswa kukuru kweiri muzvokudya. Pasinei nekukosha kwerimi mumutauro weChina, hazvina kunaka kufunga kuti izvi ndizvo zvose zvinowanzoitwa neChina. Murairi unozivikanwa seyo huru yekudya kana kuwedzera kune yekubika, asi kune mapeji muChina chikafu chisina chokuita nemucheka. Somuenzaniso, chiChina chinoda kubika uye kudya kudya. Vanogona kunge vakasiyana mukugadzirisa uye kusagadzikana. Sopu inowanzoshandiswa pakutanga nekuguma kwekudya muSouth China.
Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda mumutauro weChinese, zvokudya zvinogadzirwa nekuruma (miriwo, nyama, tofu), uye pamwe nayo yakagadzirira kudya. Nenzira, mumutauro weChina, kushandiswa kwemazi uye fomu kunonzi kunotyisa, sezvo aya "mazano" anoshandiswa sezvombo. Mukuwedzera, inofungidzirwa kusaremekedzwa kwevaenzi kugogodza zviridzwa nekukurumidza "kuparadza" zvokudya patafura. Kuzvidza mubiki kuchave iyo kana ndiro yake isingafari, inofadza chidimbu chimwe nechimwe, asi inokurumidza kukurumidza uye nokukurumidza. VaChina havana kujaira kutaura pachena manzwiro pamusoro pezvokudya. Kunyange kana ndiro iyo yakarungwa kana isina kuputika, hakuna munhu angataura chokwadi. Zvinoshamisa zvikuru, asi sekurumbidza kwaiye pachake mubiki anotarisa patafura yakasvibira patafura mushure mekudya kwemanheru, izvo zvinogonesa kuti vaenzi vanofarira zvokudya.
Hove, huku kana nyama?
Hove, sekutonga, yakagadzirirwa maererano nemitambo yeChina yekudya zvachose. Zvidye nemubatsiro wezvokudya zvakanakisisa, kusiyana nemamwe emakwenzi, apo hove inotanga kushandiswa mumashandi. Hazvina kunaka kuita izvi, maChinese vanowanzofunga, nokuti hove inofanira kuva itsva sezvinobvira. Muzvitoro, varindi vanowanzoshandisa zvipfeko zviviri zvehove, kuwedzera pamatanda, kubvisa mapfupa.
Chikuku nyama ndeimwe chidimbu chinoshandiswa chiChinese. Inotemwa zvakare kuita zvidimbu uye ndeye chikamu chezvishongo zvakawanda kubva mumiriwo. Stewed chicken nemupunga - ndizvo izvo zveChina zvinowanzodya.
Nguruve nyama muChinese inofanirwa kufema maererano nehupfumi, zvechitendero uye zvekufungidzira. Mhuka yenguruve nyama nemafuta, pamwe chete nekuravira kwayo uye kunhuhwirira kunofungidzirwa kunakidza zvikuru. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nguruve inowedzera kudyiwa kupfuura yenzombe.
Vegetarianism haisi isiri muChina, kunyange, kumadokero, inoshandiswa nehuwandu huwandu hwevanhu. Zvitsva zvekuChinese hazvidyi zvakawanda tofu, sezvavanotenda zvisina kururama kuMadokero. Ichi chinhu chakakanganisika. Zvizhinji zvekuChina zvinomera zviBhudha. Kana ukaedza kudzidza chiChina chikafu, iwe uchaona kuti dzakawanda dzinodyiwa yemiti yemidziyo zvechokwadi dzine nyama (kazhinji inguruve). Zvipfeko zvenyama zvinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira ndiro. MuchiChinese Buddhist cuisine, pane zvakawanda zvechokwadi zvinomera zvezvinomera zvisina nyama. Pamagumo ezvokudya zvegala, sekutonga, zvinotapira zvinoshandiswa, zvakadai sechitsva chibereko chitsva kana sopu inopisa.
Inwa muChina chikafu
Muchizvarwa cheChina tsika, zvinwiwa zvinotonhorera zvinonzi zvinokuvadza pakudya, kunyanya pakudya zvokudya zvinopisa. Saka zvinhu zvakadai semvura yechando kana zvinwiwa zvinoshandiswa hazvibatsirwi pavanenge vachidya. Kana zvimwe zvinwiwa zvinoshandiswa, zvinowanzove zvakatsiviwa neti inopisa kana mvura inopisa. Zvinotendwa kuti tei inokurudzira kudya kwemafuta ane mafuta.
Soy mutezi uye paste ye soya
Kwemazana emakore, vanhu veChitina vanokoshesa podha ye soybean nekuda kwekuravira kwayo uye zvinokonzera antitoxic. Yatova muzana remakore rechinomwe, teknolojia yakaendeswa kuJapan neKorea. Nekuvandudzwa kwayo, yakabuda soy sauce - mvura yakasviba ye soy uye munyu kana kudiridza kweupfu hwe soya. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzemashizha: mhepo yakasviba kana sauce yakawanda, iyo inopa ndiro dzakanaka imwe ruvara uye zvinonhuwira. Mazuva ano, soy sauce yakakunda miganhu yeChina uye inoshandiswa pasi rese. Soy mutezi - anonyanya kukuvadza antioxidant - kure kupfuura zvakasara zvewaini tsvuku uye ane vitamin C. Mhepo yakasviba soyyy, inowanikwa zvikuru kuMabvazuva nekuSouth-East Asia, inokwanisa kunyatsogadzirisa kukwegura kwemasero evanhu. Panyaya iyi, inonyanya kukosha kudarika waini tsvuku uye vitamini C. Muchero uyu unogadzirwa nekuviriswa kubva kune soybea, une zvinhu zvinowanikwa katatu zvakapfurikidza kudarika waini tsvuku uye 150 zvakanyanyisa kupfuura vitamini C. Inokwanisa kunonoka kuderedza kusvibiswa kwenhengo mumasero evanhu. Mukuwedzera, soy sauce inonyanya kusimbisa kupararira kweropa uye inopedza kukura kwemwoyo nemamwe zvirwere. Usashandisa zvakasvibiswa soy sauce, nokuti ine yakanyanya mumunyu, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuwedzera ropa.
Ginger
Midzi iyi inomera inopisa inopinza, ine ruzivo rwakanaka uye rinopisa rinonaka. Mushure mekudya soy sauce, iyi ndiyo inonyanya kupiswa muChinese cuisine. Inoshandiswa mumutsva kana mutsva wakaomeswa, uyewo mufomu yeupfu.
Cinnamon
Dya dutu remakwenzi emiti iyi inotonhorera uye uishandise semafuta anogunuka mumvura. Cinnamon inopa ndiro ndiro inonyanya kunhuwa, inonaka.
Carnation
Zvipfeko zviputi zvehuni, zvakaomeswa nekombiki yepamusoro. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kunakidza zvinonhuwira muChina chikafu nemakishi eimwe nyika.
Zvakadini nezvekuchengetedza?
Nhamo, chikafu cheChina chinenge chisipo kunze kwavo. Inonyanya kuchengetedzwa ndiyo E621. Iyi ndiyo sodium glutamate, iyo inoshandiswa kushandiswa kunongedza kudya uye inowedzerwa semupfu ku-bouillon cubes, muzviputi, zvokudya zvinonaka, zvinonhuwira, soy sauces, nyama sauces, nezvimwe. E621 chirongedzo chinowedzera chinowanzopa zvokudya salty-sour-sweet taste. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanikwa mumitauro yekuChina, kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvayo mune izvo zveChina zvinowanzodya.
Pane chinhu chakadai se "Chinese restaurant syndrome". Iko rudzi rwekutenderera kune sodium glutamate, iyo inowanzoshandiswa zvikuru mumasangano aya. Mumitauro yekuChinese kwekutanga munyika yose yakatanga kushandisa sodium glutamate. Mushure mechinguva, nyanzvi dzakatanga kuona kuwirirana pakati pemusoro, kubvongodza, kushungurudzika uye zvimwe zvipingamupinyi pamusoro pehutano hwehutano. Saka pane chimwe chinhu chinonzi "Chinese restaurant syndrome". Izvi zvakazoitika kuti izvi zvose zvinokonzerwa ne sodium glutamate. Zvinenge zvose zvokudya muChina zvinotengesa zvakapfuma mune izvi. Iine inonyanya kuwanda kwezvokudya zvegungwa. Zvimwe zvisingabatsiri zvinokanganisa: kuneta, shuga, dambudziko reziso, kusuruvara uye kuoma kuisa pfungwa, kunyanya kuvana, pamwe nekuora kwehuropi.
Mukuedza, mitsva dzaidyidzwa zvakagadzirwa muE621, uye chigumisiro chakanga chakajeka - chiremera chakakura chokuwedzerwa. Glutamate sodium yakakanganisa hypothalamus nezvimwe zvisingaiti. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti sodium ye glutamate inokonzera kushungurudzika kwehutano mumhuka yekuedza, dzimwe nguva kunyange kutungamirira kurufu rwavo.
Asi zvakadini nehutano?
Zvinyorwa zvekuChinese zvisati zvaitika kushandiswa kwemabhiza zvaive zvakanyanya kunyanya purozi, pamwe chete nemiriwo mitsva, uye mishonga yemapuroteni yaiva zvokudya zvakadai semarangi. Nyama yakanga isina zvishoma. Mafuta uye shuga zvaive zvepamusoro-soro izvo chete chikamu chiduku chevanhu vanogona kuwana. Gare gare, chikafu cheChinese chinowedzera kuwedzera uye chakapfuma uye chakasiyana, izvo zvinotungamirira kumigumisiro yehutano inobvumirana, zvakare.
Kusagadzikana kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri chinhu chinetso zvikuru munharaunda nekumadokero kwenyika, asi kudya kusina kukodzera kunowanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa nemhenderekedzo yegungwa nemaguta. Zvidzidzo muna 2004 zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemafuta pakati pemaguta emaguta kwakawedzera kusvika 38.4%. Gare gare, mitemo yekushandiswa kwayo neWorld Health Organization yakashandurwa. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta uye mapuroteni emhuka ndicho chinokonzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvisingaverengeki pakati pevanhu vechiChinese. Pakazosvika 2008, 22,8% yehuwandu huwandu hwehuwandu, 18.8% vane huwandu hwehupfumi, nhamba yevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga muChina ndiyo yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yose. Kuenzanisa, muna 1959, masero ane high blood pressure aiva 5.9% chete.
Mukudzidza kwakasimba kunonzi "Chinese Project", pane kuwirirana pakati pezvirwere uye chikafu cheChina. Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemapuroteni emhuka kwakabatana zvikuru nekenza, chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zvepfungwa, uye izvi, zvechokwadi, zvinoenderana nekugara kuripo kwekuMadokero kwekudya kwekudya, iyo inozoenda kuChina.
MuEurope, vazhinji vateereri vekuChina vachitsvaga - izvo zveChinese zvinowanzodya, zvisinei, zvakasiyana zvachose nemaonero anowanzogamuchirwa. Unyanzvi hwokubika muChina kwemazana emakore akawanda, asi munguva ino yakachinja zvikuru, kusanganiswa nekuEurope yekudya uye chikafu cheimwe nyika dzenyika. Zvokutanga zvekuChinese zvinogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dziri kure dzenyika mune zvitsuwa zviduku, uyewo dzimba dzevakwegura vakawanda veChinese vakaramba vakatendeka kune tsika dzavo. Asi kune vashomanana uye vashomanana, asi nhamba yevashandi vekuChina vanowedzera.