Down's syndrome is chromosomal pathology, i.e. pakuberekwa mwana anowana chromosome yakawedzerwa, panzvimbo yeanowanzoita 46, mwana ane 47 chromosomes. Iro shoko rokuti syndrome rinoreva seti yezvimwe zviratidzo, zvinhu hunhu. Chiitiko ichi chakatsanangurwa kwekutanga kechiremba kubva kuEngland John Down muna 1866, saka zita rechirwere ichi, kunyange zvazvo chiremba akanga asina kurwara nawo, sekunyengera vazhinji vanotenda. Kwenguva yokutanga, chiremba wechiChirungu chakaratidza chirwere ichi sehutano hwepfungwa. Kusvikira kuma1970, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, chirwere chacho chaisungirwa kurudzi. MuNazi Germany, saka, vakaparadza vanhu vashoma. Kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20, pakanga pane zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvekuonekwa kwekutsauka uku:
Ukama hunokwanisika pakati pekuzvarwa kwemwana akaremara nezera remamai (makore anopfuura makumi matatu);
Chirwere ichi chinoratidzira chete nehumwe humwe kuwirirana kwezvakaberekwa uye zvizvarwa;
Iyo yakanyanya kure kure nechokwadi chechokwadi ndechokuti chirwere ichi chinoitika nekurwadziwa kwekuzvarwa.
Kuvonga kuwanikwa kwemazuva ano emichina yakabvumira masayendisiti kuti adzidze zvinonzi karyotype (kureva., Chromosome yakagadzirirwa maitiro echromosome mumasero emunhu omunhu), yakabva yakwanisika kuratidza kuvapo kwechiremera chemakromosomes. Yaiva muna 1959 chete iyo geneticist kubva kuFrance, Jerome Lejeune, yakaratidza kuti chirwere ichi chinoonekwa nekuda kwetrisomy ye chromosome yechi21 (kureva, kuvapo kwechimwe chromosome yakagadziriswa chechiromosome yemuviri - mwana anogamuchira 21 chromosome yakawedzerwa kubva kuna amai kana baba). Kazhinji kazhinji, Down syndrome inowanikwa mune vana vanaamai avo vakatove vakwegura zvakakwana, uyewo mumucheche avo mhuri dzavo dzave nedambudziko rechirwere ichi. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano, hupenyu hwehupenyu uye zvimwe zvekunze hazvikwanisi kukonzera kupotsa uku. Uyezve, maererano nekutsvakurudza, baba vemwana anopfuura makore makumi mana, vanogona kukonzera chirwere mumucheche.
Kuti uzive mberi kana pane chirwere mumukadzi ane pamuviri ane mwana ane chromosomal kusina kuchena, nhasi kune huwandu hwekuongororwa, iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, haisi nguva dzisingabatsiri kumudzimai nevana vake remangwana.
Aminocentesis inoonekwa seimwe yezvinyorwa zvakajeka zvekugadzirisa chirwere ichi. Izvo zvinoitwa panheyo yekuongororwa kwemvura inobva pane iyo fetus ichazogadzirisa gare gare. Mikana yemugumisiro wakarurama ndewe - 99.8%.
Chorionic biopsy inoreva kushaya mhando dzemhando dzekutsvakurudza, kana kuisa zviridzwa mumubereki wemukadzi ane pamuviri kuti atore mashoko pamusoro pechikonzero icho chichava. Dambudziko rekuenda kune imwe nguva nemapurogiramu akadaro ndiro 1%, asi richiripo.
Aya maitiro ekuongororwa anofanira kushandiswa apo mumwe wevabereki ane chimiro chekuberekwa kwechirwere chechirwere ichi chinonzi syndrome.
Mune zviitiko zvinowanzoitika, vakadzi vane pamuviri vanopiwa kuongorora, iyo inopa ropa uye ultrasound. Migumisiro yenyaya ino haigoni kutaura kuti mwana wako haazove nehosha iyi, asi anoratidza kuitika kwekuitika kwayo, kana yakakura, saka unogona kushandisa nzira dzisina kukodzera.
Kunewo izvo zvinonzi "kuedza katatu", apo mukadzi ane pamuviri anopa kuongororwa ropa kwe 3 zviratidzo: chorionic gonadotropin, estriol isina uye alpha-fetoprotein. Asi sezvakaitwa zvitsvakurudzo zvenguva pfupi, kuedza kwehupenyu hwemagetsi hakuratidzi hutachiwana hwemucheche. Uyu muedzo unodhura zvikuru, saka, hauwanike kune vose vakadzi vane pamuviri.
Sezvakaratidzwa zvinoratidzira, iyi nzira yekuongororwa haina zvigaro pane zvechigarire ultrasound . Nechirwere chisingazivikanwi asi chakanyatsonaka, chiremba ane ruzivo anokwanisa kuratidza hutachiona hwemucheche (asi usakanganwa kuti chiremba anogona kugadzirisa kukanganisa kubva pane zvinowanzoitika apo zviratidzo zvemuviri hwomukomana zvatove zvaonekwa - awa masvondo gumi nematanhatu emutambo).
Nzira yakatendeseka yekuziva kuti imwe kromosome inowanikwa muchecheche ndeyekuongorora ropa remukadzi ane pamuviri (kusvika masvondo gumi nematanhatu) kune izvo zvinonzi "biochemical markers", uku ndiko kuongororwa kune rimwe rudzi rweprotini. Sezvo mukadzi ane pamuviri muropa rake ane chikamu chemasero emwana asati aberekwa - kuongorora uku kuri zana zana. Nemhaka yenzira chaiyo yekutsvakurudza zvinhu, iyi nzira inoshandiswa muzvipatara zvepabonde pane mamwe maguta makuru, saMoscow neSt. Petersburg. Nenzira inofadza, munharaunda yese yeRussia kune mazamuro emakiriniki emakirinikiti, maitiro apo vanhu vakaroorana vanogona kuongororwa uye vanoona humwe uprofita pamusoro peiyo genetics yemwana wavo asati aberekwa.
Pasinei nokuti zvinhu zvekunze hazvibatsiri zvakanyanya maitiro akasiyana-siyana mukurudzirwa kwomwana, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chokuti mukadzi ane pamuviri ane rugare uye kutarisirwa kwakanaka kare pamatamba ekutanga ekudzivirira. Zvinosuruvarisa, munyika yedu zvinhu zvose zvinoitwa nenzira yakafanana, vazhinji vanoita basa kusvika pakuguma kwekuita pamuviri uye vanotanga kushanda pamwe chete navanachiremba chete panguva yekuenda kwekuberekwa, izvo zvisiri izvo zvakashata. Sezvambotaurwa, kutyisidzirwa kwekuberekwa kwomwana werwere chirwere kunokura nezera remukadzi, somuenzaniso, mumadzimai ekuberekwa makumi mana nemakumi mana, mukana wekuva nemwana akadaro ndeye1 kusvika ku80. Maererano nemashoko ekupedzisira, vasikana vaduku vane mimba vasati vava nemakore 16, nhamba yezviitiko zvakadaro munyika yedu uye muEurope sezvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura yakawedzera zvikuru. Sezvakaitwa zvitsvakurudzo zvenguva pfupi, vakadzi vanowana mavitamini akasiyana-siyana akatova pamatanho ekutanga ekudzivirira vane mikana yakaderera yekuva nemwana ane chirwere chipi nechipi.
Kana zvakadaro zvakadaro zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuedza miedzo inodhura uye kuziva nezvehutano hwekuvandudza chirwere ichi mumwana achangoberekwa, ungaziva sei zviratidzo izvi mushure mokuzvarwa kwomwana? Pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa kwechecheche, maererano nemashoko ake chaiwo, chiremba anogona kugona kana ane chirwere ichi. Kutanga kufunga kuti chirwere ichi mwana chinogona kuva pane zvinotevera:
Maererano nemigumisiro yekuongorora, kana yaiva nenzvimbo yekuve, uye paiva nemufananidzo usina kufanana pamusoro pekuonekwa kwehutano hwemucheche;
Mashoko kubva kumabhuku ezvokurapa evabereki - kana mumwe wavo, kana nhengo dzemhuri, aine kukanganisa uku (ichi chinofanira kuchenjerera vanachiremba muchipatara);
Ongororo yemwana kune zvinetso zvehutano
Kusimbisa kana kuramba kufungidzirwa mucheche kunotora kuongororwa ropa, izvo zvinonyatsoratidzira kuvapo kwekusakosha mu karyotype.
Muzvicheche, pasinei ne "zviratidzo zvepakutanga", zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogona kusvibiswa, asi mushure mechinguva (apo mhinduro dzekuedzwa dziri kugadzirirwa), munhu anogona kuona kukanganisa mune zvimwe zviratidzo zvepanyama:
Kutanga pane zvose, iri "chiso chakatarisa", chinotarirwa mu 90% emhosva;
Kuumbwa kweganda kuvhara pamutsipa, iyo isiri iyo inowana nevana vese - inenge 80%;
Mitsutso mishoma;
Dental maitiro;
Musoro wakadzika, uyewo chiso;
Nguva dzose muromo wakashama, nekuda kwekusimudza kusagadzikana kwomuromo;
Svet strabismus (mwana anofanana nemumiriri wemutambo waMongooloid);
Bhujiro yeputi yemapapiro
Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvizi zviratidzo zvose zvechirwere ichi. Pane imwe nguva uye mushure mehupenyu hwavo, vanhu ava vanotambudzwa nekunzwa, kuona, kufunga, kuvhiringidzika kwemuviri wepamuviri, kukanganisa kwepfungwa, nezvimwewo. Nhasi, achienzaniswa nezana remakore rapfuura, ramangwana revana vane Down's syndrome rava nani zvikuru. Tinoonga zvikoro zvakasarudzika, zvakagadzirirwa zvirongwa, uye zvinonyanya kukoshesa nekuda kworudo uye kutarisirwa, vana ava vanogona kurarama pakati pevanhuwo zvavo uye vanovandudza zvakakodzera, asi izvi zvinoda basa rakakura nekushivirira.
Kana uri kuronga mhuri, edza kufambira mberi, ita zvose zvitsvakurudzo iwe nemurume wako kuitira kuti mune ramangwana une kuberekwa kwevana vakagwinya. Tora utano hwako! Iye zvino unoziva kana Down syndrome inogona kuzivikanwa pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa kwomwana.