Mwana wacho akatotanga kuisa pfungwa dzake kumatare emarudzi akawanda, anoshamisa "achibudirira" pane zvakakanganwa zvechingwa kana mubhodhoro rejamu.
Pamusoro pezvimedu, zvinogona kuonekwa sechishamiso: jongwe chingwa chinenge chikaita sechinhu chakanaka, uye nhasi ... chakafukidzwa nemvere, tsvuku, bhuruu nzvimbo! "Chii icho?" Iko yakabva kupi? Zvinokwanisika kudya chingwa chakadaro here? "- akabvunza pkachkaka shoma, kana kuti zvimwe yakatanga kwete nesimbi, asi nehutano:" Manheru ndakange ndakagwinya, asi nhasi? " Kana kuti muduku wacho akaona amai vake vachidzura mbiriso inenge ichiti: "Sei ichi ichikwira pasi pepini? Uye nei ichibva kunze? Uye ndiani akaita mashumo mukuedzwa? "Vana havagoni kumirira kuti vadzidze zvinhu zvose!
Uye zvechokwadi, chii chatinonyatsoziva pamusoro peizvi nezvimwe zvipembenene zvakatipoteredza zuva rega rega?
Debunking Myths
Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti kubva kumakiromita-chimwe chinokuvadza uye vanofanira kuedza kurwiswa nezvose zvinoshandiswa: kubva pakugeza maoko ne soda antibacterial uye kupedzisa nekurapwa kwecentimita imwe neimwe yechipatera yeimba ine chlorine-ine vanoshanda. Mumwe munhu anowana magetsi e-ultraviolet muimba yevana, panzvimbo pokuti achinje maoko ake: "Zvakanaka, ikozvino gadzirisa! Sezviri muchipatara pachava nekucheneswa uye kushaya simba! "Asi, panguva iyo, masayendisiti ave akazivikanwa kwenguva refu - microbes, kana, sezvaanonyanya kutumidzwa, michakoromine, ari pose pose, saka hazvina maturo kurwisana navo. muviri wako pachako.
Dzimwe nguva amai vose vanozvibvunza pachavo rudzi rwebhakitiriya runobatsira uye chii chinonyanya kukosha kumwana. Uyezve, pasina microorganisms, hupenyu hwePasi hwakange hukasakwanisika zvachose!
Kudengenyeka kwenyika kwezvinhu kunowanikwa zvakajeka nekushanda kwavo kwekuita: kana zvibato zviduku izvi zvichinyangarika, nyika ichakurumidza kuvigwa nemashizha emashizha akafa nemhuka dzakafa. Vanodzokera kune ivhu kamwechete iyo mineral item "yakabudiswa" kubva nayo kuburikidza nemiti, saka ichiraira kubereka kwayo, uye zvigadzirwa zvekudya zviri patafura yedu zuva rega rega?
Asi izvi zvakare zvipembenene zvakashanda: kunwa mukaka mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemukaka-dzakaoma, zvakagadzirwa chingwa kubva mbiriso inenge yakasvibirira, yakabikwa zviri nani uye nyore nyore, yakachengeterwa isu yakasanganiswa nemafuta, yakachengetedza kunyange nguva yedu yekuzorora, kuita zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, kuedza kutipa zvingwa zvinonaka - somuenzaniso, cheeses ane mold yakaisvonaka "Roquefort" uye "Camembert". Nyanzvi dzeCulinary dzinoshandisa citric acid inotorwa kubva muvhu (iyo inowanikwawo microworld), agronomists - kugadzirira mabhakitiriya ekurwisa zvirwere nezvirwere zvezvirimwa zvakasimwa, zootechnicians vanogadzirira kudya kwakakwana uye kwakachengetedzwa kwezvipfuwo zvepurazi (sekusikwa), vanachiremba - mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya , zvirwere, enzyme, mavitamini ... Isu tinosangana nemagumo ekupedzisira emishonga inokwana michina kakawanda pazuva, pasina kunyange kufunga nezvazvo.
Uye vasingaoneki shamwari dzinogara matiri uye matiri? Ichokwadi kuti kune vasingatarisiri vashanyi, asi vazhinji vavo vanobatanidzwa mumukurumbira wekuremekedza "Kazhinji microflora": microorganisms munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogaramo ganda uye mucous membrane, asi mazhinji emakiromita anogara mumatumbo, paanoshandira zvakanaka kwemuviri wemunhu. Kubatsira kunyatsodonha mishonga kubva kune zvokudya zvinouya, vamwe vanobereka mavitamini, anoshandiswa nemadziro emukumbo uye anoshandiswa nehupenyu hwehama idzi dzose. Chechitatu (acidophilic uye bifidoba terii, uyewo E. coli) vane asingaurayiwi (m. e. kudzvanyirira upenyu basa) ehupfumi hama kuti putrefactive uye pathogenic utachiona.
Iye zvino unonzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi mabhakitiriya anobatsira uye nei zvakakosha kushandisa mishonga yakakisi-mukaka, kunyanya nechikamu chekutanga "Bio" muzita (iwo ane, kuwedzera kune inowanzoitwa lactic acid bhakteriya, bifidobacteria)? Vaya vanozosvika mumatumbo vakachengeteka (uye vazhinji vachabudirira), vacharamba varipo uye kwenguva pfupi vachidzika midzi kuti vabatsirwe nevanhu.
Fly in the ointment
Zvisinei, haisi zvinhu zvose zvinotyisa. Sezvisikwa zvipi zvese mumasikirwo, zvipukanana zvakasiyana uye hazviwisi pasi peshoko re "kukuvadza zvachose" kana "kunobatsira zvachose." Iwe haugoni kuparadza zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinowanzova nengozi - zvakare ndivo vane mhosva, zvisingaonekwi majekesheni. Ichokwadi kuti masayendisiti akadzidza kurwisana nevakawanda vavo - mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunyange kukunda kwepanyika kwakakundwa, uye vamwe vakapedzisa kugadzirisa kwenguva pfupi (somuenzaniso, maperembudzi, kana, sokudanwa kwaro, maperembudzi, nhamba yezviitiko munyika ino inopera gore negore, asi kusvikira ikozvino kusati kwava kuda kutaura pamusoro pokukunda kwevanhu pane chirwere). Zvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinopisa njodzi yakakomba kusvika ikozvino, pasinei nehuwandu hwekuvandudzwa kwemishonga - somuenzaniso, TB. Uye zvirwere zvitsva zvinoonekwa nekusuruvara nguva dzose: yeuka ingangodaro AIDS kana chirwere chenguruve (kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vavo vanogona kunzi itsva mamiriro ezvinhu - kazhinji ichi ndicho chiziviso chakazivikanwa kwenguva refu, asi ikozvino chinonzi microbial inoshandiswa nemitengo mitsva).
Kunze kwekuti zvipembenene zvinokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira, zvizhinji zvacho zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwevanhu uye zvimwe - somuenzaniso, kutungamirira kuparadza kwekudya. Uye kazhinji idzi idzi ndidzo shamwari: lactic acid mabhakitiriya anodiridza mukaka mutsva; Mafuta anosvika pakuvirisa uye kusvina majisi nemichero; chiumbwa ... Zvisinei, pamwe nechimwe chinhu chiri pachena. Nenzira yakanaka, munhu akadzidza kubata nemhando yematambudziko - hazvishamisi iye zvino kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza uye kushandisa michina: kubva kubhinha kuvira kusvika kuhutachiona hwe ultrasound, kubva pakusoma nyore nyore kushandisa makemikari ekuchengetedza, kuwedzerwa hupenyu hwetabhenakeri kakawanda kana kunyange urongwa hwehukuru.
Ndiani anofanira kunge achitya
Kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kumakemikari chaiwo anokuvadza uye uite shamwari neshamwari (kana kuti isina kukuvadza), zvakakwana kuchengeta mitemo isinganzwisisiki, inozivikanwa: kugeza maoko asati adya uye mushure mokushanyira chimbuzi, mushure mokudzokera kumusha kubva kupi zvako, gezai miriwo inotenga pamusika kana muchitoro uye michero, kutarisa upenyu hwemafuro emishonga, panguva yezvirwere, kupedza kukonana nevanogona kutakura utachiona. Uye, kazhinji, mitemo yakawanda yehutsanana nehutsanana haisati yanyadziswa, asi inoratidzika isinganzwisisiki uye inogara ichiparara kwemakiromita pamba. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Chokutanga, sezvazvakataurwa, mabhakitiriya uye spores ye mold fungi ari pose pose, naizvozvo kushandiswa kwemishonga haisi kwenguva refu. Chechipiri, kwete chete zvinokonzera hutachiona hunovhiringidzwa kuparadzwa, asi zvose zvese (zvinobatsira uye zvisina hanya nemhuka), uye masayendisiti ave atoratidza kuti nguva dzose misangano nevamiriri ve microworld zvakakosha pakuumbwa kwehutachiona hwemwana. Uye, chechitatu, zvirwere zvinodhaka zvinowanzova zvinotyisa, izvo zvinongoratidzira kwete zvipembenene chete, asiwo pamhuka uye nevanhu.
Ngatitambei nemwana
Tichaita mune masayendisiti-michiologist, uyo akaisa mazano akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pezvipembenene. Zviri pachena kuti microscope haisi mumhuri imwe neimwe, uye kunyange kana iripo, saka mabhakitiriya kunyange nahwo haisi nyore kuona - tinoda zvishandiso zvinokosha, madhayi ... Zvisinei, michina yakanaka kwazvo zvokuti ivo pachavo vakaoma kuona, asi mabasa avo - tapota !! !! Kutanga, tsanangai kumwana kuti zvipi zviduku, nzvimbo dzavanogara, zvavanoita, nei tisingazvioni. Uye tanga uchitanga kudzidza zvinonakidza uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa zvishoma! Ingoyeuka kuti zvimwe zviongororwo zvakagadzirirwa kuva vaduku zvikuru, uye vamwe - zvinowanika pakunzwisisa kwekare vakwegura vana.
Sei mukaka wakachinja?
Ita tsvina yakaoma - dururira mumakapu akasiyana emukaka wakasiyana-siyana: sterilized (ane upenyu hurefu refu), pasteurized (zvakare inotengwa) uye yakabikwa (unogona kubika uye mukaka usina kushandiswa). Kana zvichibvira, unogona kuwedzera mumukaka wemukaka usina kumbopiswa. Rega mwana wacho anotevera kuedza kwake oga: zuva rega roga anoongorora mamiriro e "nharo dzekuedza." Kune mwana akwegura, zvingava zvinonakidza kuchengeta "Diary of Observations" - sevasayendisiti chaiwo!
Pakupera kwekudzidza, mwana anofanira kuita mhedziso - mukaka upi unomuka? Sei? Nekudaro, vabereki vanofanira kutsanangura chakaita kuti kuvhenekera (lactic acid mabhakitiriya akangofanana nezvose zvinokonzerwa nemukaka zvinotengeswa muchitoro), uko mabhakitiriya aibva (kazhinji aya mabhakitiriya anogara ari mumukaka, vanobva ipapo kudya, miriwo inodyiswa nemhou), sei kudzivirira kuparadzwa kwemukaka (nokuti mukaka uyu unotanga kupisa pane imwe yechando (inenge 60-80 C) uye yakanyoroveswa nokukurumidza), nei mukaka uchinge uchengetedzwe muchitonhora nzvimbo (mufiriji, kukura kwebhakitiriya ose kunononoka, saka mukaka haunwiwi kwenguva refu).
Ndeapi mahombe aripo mumuedzo?
Mwana wacho angangodaro anofarira kuziva uyo akaita zvigaro zvakawanda muchingwa. Kuenzanisira zvakajeka kushandiswa kwechinwa doro (izvo izvi zvinoitika zvinokonzerwa nefungidziro yakasvibirira-mbiriso uye inotungamirira kusunungura bundu), zvinoreva kuti mwana pamwe chete newe dzokorora nzira yose iyo inotora chingwa usati wasvika kwatiri patafura. Knead the dough pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwembiriso, regai iite (panguva ino mbiriso inowedzera kusvika paanoda inotanga uye inotanga kushandisa shuga iri muupfu muwaini uye carbon dioxide) uye kubika. Doro mukubika kubika kuchaputika, uye iyo gasi inobhururuka ichashanduka iyo mihombe inofadza zvikuru.
Muzhinji, nemasabata, unogona kutungamira maitiro akawanda anofadza. Semuenzaniso, shandisai mitsetse imwechete yehupfu, asi nekuwedzerwa kwemasoni akasiyana - akaoma, ane mhepo yakamanikidzwa kana akashongedzerwa, uye oenzanisa kuti pundu ipi inokura nokukurumidza. Migumisiro inogona kushandiswa naamai nechingwa chinotevera chechingwa chakagadzirwa kumba. Iwe unokwanisa kuedza nekugadzirisa: wedzera zvimwe shuga, mafuta kana mukaka, uye utore mbiriso zvakafanana uye uone kuti rudzi rwehupfu mbiriso inobereka zviri nani. Iwe unogona kudzidza kuitika kwekushisa kwekukurumidza kwehupfuka inosimuka: kuisa yakakanyiwa zvidimbu zvidimbu pakupisa (pabhateri, pedo negofu), muchitonho (pahwindo kana mufiriji) uye uende pane firiji yekamuri. Zvose zviongororwa zvakaitwa zvichajekesa vasikana-vadzimai vemazuva ano! - kunzwisisa nekuyeuchidza mamiriro ekutanga ekugodisa kwakanaka kwe mbiriso chikafu, uye kuvakomana - kune vanoedza kuongorora - kubatana nemubatsiro wemamu mukicheni isingazivikanwi.
"Velvet" pamucheka wakasviba
Pamusoro pemiti yakawanda yemukaka-mukaka (kazhinji kirimu yakasvibirira kana yogashi) mushure mekuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba, dzimwe nguva unogona kuona bhena rakachena-velvet kupfeka. Izvi zvakare zve microorganisms dzinozivikanwa kwatiri - mold fungus, kunyanya chaizvo, chimiro chavo chemumiririri - mukaka. Kusiyana nemukaka wakabikwa wakakangwa, mukaka womukaka, kana ukaiswa mukati mechigadzirwa, hauidyi. Nokudaro, rumbidza chimiro che "velvet" uye chesa chigadzirwa chisina kuzvidemba.
Ndiani anogara mu kvass?
Nokuda kwezvakaitika, kvass yakare kana kuti doro, chimwe chiitiko: kvass inofanira kuva yakasikwa, iyo inonzi inonzi inorimwa mhenyu.
Hapana chinhu chakakosha kuite nazvo hachidikanwi - kungodira mucheka uye uise mukicheni patafura. Usavhara chifukidzo zvakasimba. Nokufamba kwenguva, firimu yakaonda yakaumbwa pamusoro pekvass, ine maverengero eAactic acid bacteria. Panguva imwechete, unhu hunhu hweAactic acid hunoonekwa uye nekufamba kwenguva. Tsanangura kumwana kuti aya mabhakitiriya akafanana neokisijeni, ari mumhepo, uye saka inofamba pamusoro, uye usanyura kusvika pasi; ivo vakagadzira doro iri mune kvass, kupinda mu smelling acetic acid.
Nemhaka yei mazai asina kupambwa?
Chiitiko chinogona kuitwa mushure mekunge iwe uchicherechedza kuti mwana wacho akapararira mune zvakasikwa uye hupenyu hunoitika - kurasa kwezvinhu. Zvose zvinoitika patafura yedu, imwe nzira kana imwe, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotevera zvinoparadza - inopisa, rotes, molds. Zvose, asi kwete zvose! Uye pasina kushandisa makemikari ekuchengetedza, unogona kuwana zvinhu zvinoshamisa, zvakachengetedzwa kubva pakuparara nemasikirwo pachako - anyanisi, garlic, uchi, mazai ...
Ndiyo yekupedzisira uye ichakurukurwa. Kumbira musayendisiti wechidiki kuti aputse mazai ehuku, aparadzanise yejiki uye aite chiedza paprotheni yakasviba. Iwe unofanirwa kuidururira mune dzimwe ndiro uye nekuenzanisa, kuisa chimwe chigadzirwa mumutumbi mumwechete, somuenzaniso mukaka. Mwana wacho anofanira kumirira kusvikira puroteni inotanga kuipa. Izvi zvichaitika rini? Kana huyo yakatakura aii yakanga ine hutano, haisati-yeproteine, panzvimbo iyo, yakangooma, kupfuura iyo inotanga kuora. Uye zvinhu zvakakosha zvinomubatsira mune izvi, zvakakosha pane iyo lysozyme (iyo, nenzira, iri mumuviri womunhu - iri mumate uye inoparadza mvura), iyo inodzivirira zviri mukati meii kubva kubhakitiriya.
Zvichida, chiitiko ichi chichaita kuti, pakupedzisira, chiduku nehochuhu kudye chekinyorwa chinobatsira? Mune shoko, ita shamwari neshandukari pachako uye udzidzise izvi kumwana wako-zvinonakidza uye zvinobatsira. Kurudzirai mwana kuti anakidzwe nesayenzi kubvira achiri mwana!