"Kukwegura kwedu chirwere chinofanira kuonekwa sechinhu chipi zvacho," Ilya Mechnikov, muvambi wegerontology, akati muma1880s. Mutsva yake, musayendisiti anozivikanwa weRussia akataura kuti kukwegura hazvidikanwe kuti muviri uve mararamiro ehupenyu. Upenyu hwedu ndohwechokwadi, iyo nzira yekuparadzanisa masero. Sero rinogona kugovana nekusingaperi mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunotungamirira ku kuora kwemaitiro ekuberekwa. Uye semugumisiro kune izvi, zvinowanzonzi kukwegura.
"Vanhu vanongoda kufa"
Muhupenyu hwayo hwose, vanhu vakararama uye vanorarama nepfungwa yekufa, imwezve yekwegura uye muviri wekuita. Kunyanya chaizvo, nekufungidzira kuti ungakukunda sei. "Vanhu havadi kurarama nokusingaperi, vanhu havadi kufa," Stanislaw Lemm zvakanyatsotaurwa. Ichi chido chinoratidzwa mukukwazisa kwezuva nezuva uye mabiko emitambo yevanhu vazhinji. Mune zvitendero mune maitiro ekutenda mune mushure mekufa, kuberekwa patsva, kuberekwa patsva. Muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, apo vakuru vasingaperi uye vedunes vanogara. Marudzi ose ave achitsvaga "kamukira yehuduku" kwemazana emakore.
MuIjipiti yekare, zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvakashandiswa. Zvinogona kuonekwa mumaoko emaharahara pazvipfeko zvinogara zviripo. Zvirindiro - Zuva nemwedzi, imwe neimwe yemamita 150 mm uye yakareba 28 mm muhupamhi - yakazadzwa mune imwe tsananguro nemafuta emaminerari. Maererano neyanzvi vemazuva ano, mumaoko ezvinyorwa izvi zvinoumba shongwe mbiri, iyo inoshandisa simba, inofamba mumuviri, ichichenesa uye inoita nzvimbo inodzivirirwa yemuviri womunhu.
Muenzaniso:
Pakati peharahara dzaive dzenguva refu-livers: Peopi II akatonga makore 94. Ramesses the Great ane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Akapona 12 kubva pa187 vevana vake kubva kumadzimai makumi mana nemadzimai. Kwehafu yezana remakore kupfuura maharahara gumi akatonga.
"Elixirs of Youth"
Nhau dzevakakurumbira vanachirongwa chemasayendisiti - vanotsvaka "mararamiro ehupenyu husingaperi", mhuka yakwegura uye chirongwa chepanyama - yakazara muvanze: mazita mazhinji, kusava nechokwadi kwemakore ehupenyu nemigumisiro yekutsvakurudza. Uyu Jabir ibn Hayyan (kana Geber), Francis Bacon, Theophrastus Paracelsus, Jacob Bruce, Wei Po-Yan, Vasily Valentin, Count Saint-Germain, Count Alexander Cagliostro (kana Giuseppe Balsamo), nezvimwewo.
Sayenzi yemazuva ano inoenderera mberi kutsvaga "kukora kwehupenyu hurefu", kuvimba nehurongwa hwemagadzirirwo evanhu.
Mhereoniki - kuchengetedza (biostasis) uchishandiswa kupisa kwemazinga-kutsika. Varwere vanoiswa pasi. ZVAKAIPA Vapristi uye maharahara vaifanira kushambidza muviri mambakwedza, masikati neusiku, nguva dzose vaveura ndebvu pamuviri (pasina kunze kwetsi) - kuitira kuti ma microbes arege kupindira; ivo vanenge vasina kudya nyama yenguruve uye hove dzakasvibirira.
Yakare China yakaumba Qigong - unyanzvi hwekuzvitonga kwemuviri, kukura kwevanhu semunhu. Dzidziso dzakawanda dzinotarisirwa kukurudzira kuzvidzivirira uye kudzikama.
Qi ndiyo simba iripo kudenga, panyika uye mune zvisikwa zvose zviripo. Yoga - imwe yemafungiro efilosofi eIndia yekare, inofanidza ruzivo rwekuwedzera hutano hwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kufema kwakanaka uye mafungiro akanaka.
Basa guru rinopiwa kumutsara munyaya dzekudzivirira zvirwere. Inofanirwa kuchinjwa - "mvura inoyerera haina kuora, musuo wemukova hauna kuparadza, ndizvo zvakaita kufamba." Muchikamu che "Treatise pane mukati" inonzi:
Kukwegura ndiyo nzira yekukuvhiringidza zvishoma nezvishoma nekurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvemuviri, kunyanya, kukwanisa kubereka uye kuchinjazve mhuka yakwegura uye nzira yehupenyu.
Kushanda muQigong, munhu anobata simba rekudenga nenyika, achizvibatanidza mavari. Saka anosvika kwenguva refu nekusafa. Makirasi anofanira kunge achigara kwemakore akawanda. Kusaparara muTaoism chinhu: chinosangana nemweya nemuviri.
Tip
Taoists vanodavira kuti kuita zvakanaka mabasa kunowedzera hupenyu, uye zvakaipa-zvinopera. Iye anoda kuti kusafa pasi pano aite mabasa mazana matatu, uye ane nyota yekusafa kudenga - 1200. Asi kunyange mushure mechiito che1190 chakanaka.
"Kupera kusvikira kumagumo emakore ake okudenga, shure kwekuverenga makore zana, enda."
Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvechirwere cheTibetan "Vaiduria-onbo" inokurudzira kudya kwakakwana, kurara panguva yakakodzera, kushamba, ruzivo rwemitemo nemitemo yehupenyu hwepabonde, uye hutsanana hwehutano nekuwedzerwa kwehupenyu. Mutsara we "juices" unopiwa, izvo zvinoita kuti uve nemakore akawanda: mummies, feldspar, shuga yega, uchi, bhuru. "Kana mwoyo unopisa usingashanduki nemarwadzo zana uye unoratidzwa nekuzara kwakakwana, ipapo munhu ane nzira yeupenyu hupenyu huchagara achararama makore zana." Methusera - mukuru wekare weTesitamente yekare - akararama, sezvakataurwa neBhaibheri, makore 969 - anonzi munhu mukuru kupfuura vose. Chimwe chizvarwa chekare chakareba, Noa, uyo akavaka Areka, akararama makore mashomanana zvishoma. Munhu wekutanga Adhamu akapiwa nhaka yekusafa, asi sezvaakabva pazvibvumirano akapfupisa hupenyu hwake.
Ivhareji inotarisirwa kurarama kwemunhu.
Anopfuura makore 80:
Japan, Switzerland, France, Germany, Australia, Singapore.
Pasi pemakore makumi masere:
Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe.
Maererano neWHO, kutarisirwa kwehupenyu hwemazuva ehupenyu makore 48.5.
Nei tichikwegura?
Nhasi hapana inowanzogamuchirwa nheyo yekukwegura. Pano pane maverengeka akawanda anokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana uye nzira dzekukwegura. Nzira idzi dzinozviratidza pachavo mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchinja pamatunhu ose - kubva pamamemikrasi kusvika mune zvepanyama. Kukwegura ndedambudziko rakaoma remitambo, rimwe nerimwe rinoderedza kusagadzikana kwomuviri uye simba. Zvose zvezviitiko zvinowedzera kuipa kwakaipa. Nheyo dzekukwegura dzinorongwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: vakarongwa nekukwegura uye stochastic dzidziso (randomness). Kana kuti mumapoka matatu: genetic, neuroendocrine uye pfungwa dzekukuvadza kuunganidza. Kwose kuwirirana kunopesana, sezvo izvi zvinopindirana.
Vatsigiri vezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvimwe zvikonzero zvekugara kwenguva refu: chirongwa chekudya chakaine utano, kubatana kwakanaka kwebasa nekuzorora, tsika yekuzvibata, simba rehupenyu.
Biopeptide mazano , geroprotectors ezera idzva. Chinokosha: kubatsira masero kushanda. Peptides - mapuroteni akaparadzaniswa nevasayendisiti - anobatsira pakudzorerwa kwepuroteni yayo mumuviri. Inopinda muchengeti, dzorera mabasa ayo. Zvishonga zvinodhaka zvemishonga ndezvikamu zvevechidiki zviduku (chiropa chinotorwa kuti chirapwe chiropa, tsutsvo dzinobatwa neinso, nezvimwewo).
Idzidziso dzekukwegura dzakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakasiyana mumakore akasiyana.
Kupfekedza dzidziso: muviri muviri unoputsa munguva.
Dzidziso yenjodzi yezvikanganiso: nezera, kukuvara kwemashoko kunowanikwa semagumisiro ekuchinja-chinja (zvinokanganisa kana kuti zvinokonzerwa nekunze kwezvinhu).
Dzidziso yekudzvinyirira kunokanganisa: kukwegura ndeyokuguma kwekunetseka, mukana wekupfeka kwemuviri womunhu unoenderana nekuwanda kwekutambudzika.
Dzidziso ye auto-toxification: chinokonzera kukwegura ndechokuunganidza kwehupfu mumatumbo.
Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka yedzidziso: nheyo yegadziriro yekukwegura yemarudzi.
Dzidziso yekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko: kushanduka nguva dzose kwemashoko uye kurasikirwa kwayo mumuviri pamwe chete mumutambo, somuenzaniso, muDNA, mumagetsi emagetsi.
Dzidziso yeDokocrine: chakavanzika che "hupenyu husingaperi" mupituitary uye hypothalamus.
Zvidzidzo zvemuviri: kunopera mukukwanisa kuzvidzivirira pakunetseka.
Nheyo yezvikamu zvemukati: kukwegura nekuda kwekukuvadza kune membrane yechipfuva, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa kwezvikanganiso muhutano hweprotini nekudzivirira kuparadzaniswa kwesero.
Mitochondrial theory: kuderedzwa kwesero rekugona simba nezera. (Mitochondria ndiyo organoid yesero inogonesa kufema kwayo, semugumisiro wesimba iro rakawanikwa).
Nheyo yekutsvakurudza zvinhu : chikonzero chezviitiko zvekutsvaga zviri mumuviri wemunhu mune zviduku zvakanyanya hazvive zvinopfuura 105 muzana.
Rusununguko-ruzivo rukuru: kushandiswa kwevanhu vanoita zvechirwere kunotarisana nematambudziko akawanda, kunyanya, kenza, zvirwere zvepfungwa, rheumatoid arthritis, zvirwere zvepfungwa. Mukati mehupenyu, chikamu chiduku che okisijeni (kubva mukuyerera kukuru kudarika mumasero) maitiro anobata mafomu emojeni (ROS) - zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari. AFCs inorarama kwekanguva uye inoita nemamwe masero, ichivaparadza. Somugumisiro wekurwisa, mitochondria inokuvara. Kuunganidzwa kwekukuvadza kwakadaro ndiko kunokosha kwekukwegura.
Nheyo ye "cross-linking": basa rekushanda zvinhu munyaya iyi ishuga, kunyanya, glucose. Makorolekisi eashuga, apo achiita nemaprotein, "kusvina" mapuroteni emakemikari pamwe chete. Mitsara inotanga kushanda zvakanyanya, iyo inowedzera "marara", mishonga inorasikirwa nekusimba.
Dzidziso ye apoptosis: kutangwa kwepurogiramu yekuzviuraya sezvikamu, kuzviuraya mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakabatanidzwa mazviri.
Teeromeri nheyo: somatic masero anogona kukamura imwe nhamba yezviitiko. Inobatanidza nekugadzirwa kweDNA kaviri. Mhedziso, mitsara yemakromosomes akasiyana (telomeres) mushure mekuparadzaniswa kwega rimwe nerimwe iri shoma. Saka, pane nguva apo sero haigoni kugoverwa. Kureba kwetereomere kunoenderana nezera remunhu: yekare, iyo kureva tereomeres yakareba.
Elevation theory: iyo nzira yekukwegura inotanga kushanda nekuwedzera kuwedzera mumusana wekunzwa kwe hypothalamus kusvika kumazinga emahomoni muropa. Nezera, zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemararamiro anomuka. Zvokuparadza mumutumbi zvinokonzerwa neawa yehupenyu iyo ichaverenga nguva yehupenyu yakasunungurwa kumuviri.
Zvisikwa zvinochembera
Makorikini egungwa anorarama makore mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu, asingatauri kukura (kureba, kureva kunoreva). Uye mushure memakore zana ehupenyu zvinogona kuunza vana.
Shellfish
Zhemchuzhnitsa Margaritifera anorarama kusvika kumakore mazana maviri, hupenyu hwose hunokwanisa kubereka mazai, haafi nehosha, asi nenzara, nokuti hupenyu hwose hunokura.
Uye chaiyo nguva refu-yevhisi - makore anopfuura 4 000; zvinopfuura 2,5 zvemakore zvepine uye guru sequoia.
MuU.SA pane pine "Methuselah", - muti wakare paNyika. Maererano nenyanzvi, nguva yepine ndiyo makore 4772.
Nezera, masero emadziri ari kuwanda. Pakutanga, vazhinji vavo - mazai anogadzirwa akaparadzaniswa, achiumba masero emasero, ayo anoshandurwa kuva vamwe.
Rimwe stem cell rinogona kubereka masero mashoma masero mashoma. Munguva yekurapa, murwere anogamuchira 200-300 mamiriyoni emasero masero. Masero asina kuzivikanwa anotumirwa mumuviri kwekuchengetedzwa kwenguva pfupi. Mukuwedzera kune maana masero (akachengetwa mu "bhangi" rega ")", mashandisi emashiripiti anoshandiswa anoshandiswa - kubva kumudonzvo weropa (anowanzoshandiswa mazuva ano) uye fetal - kubva pakubvisa zvinhu. Izvozvo zvinokonzera mibvunzo, zvose zvirongwa zvehutano uye zvinokonzera mumuviri munguva yemberi. Iro pfungwa chaiyo ye "stem cells" yakatangwa muna 1908 nedzimwe nyanzvi yezvakaitika kare uye nyanzvi yezvakaberekwa Alexander Maksimov (1874-1928), avo makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake vakashanda mukuenda kuUnited States.