Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kusiyana kwepabonde kunogona kuderedzwa, uye pakuberekwa kunogona kuva kwakaoma kuziva kuti mwana ari wepabonde. Hermaphrodite, chimiro chemuviri wekubereka - chii chinogona kuva nemwana?
Basic terms
Nokuda kwetsanangudzo yemunhu ane zviratidzo zvose zvechikadzi nemurume, shoko rokuti "hermaphrodite" rinoshandiswa. Mune dzimwe mhuka dzemhuka, izvi ndizvo zvinowanzoitika. Mumunhu munhu akaremara kunoreva kukanganisa kwepabonde.
Hermaphroditism
Izwi rokuti "hermaphrodite" rinobva muzita raMwari, mwanakomana waHermes neAfrodite, muzvinyorwa zvekare zvechiGiriki zvakabatanidzwa mumuviri mumwe nemai nymph. Mukurapa, izwi iri rinoshandiswa kureva kune mamwe marudzi ehupombwe hunoti:
Ichokwadi hermaphroditism
Anozivikanwa nekuvandudzwa kwema fetus panguva imwechete nhengo dzevarume nevakadzi dzekubereka. Uyu munhu ane varume nevakadzi gonads, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko - pamwe chete hutano hwepabonde (ovotestis), ine zvigunwe zvechimiro chemavhai uye ma testes. Ichokwadi kuti hermaphroditism ishoma chaizvo. Munyika ino mabhuku ezvokurapa anenge anenge mazana mana akadaro anotsanangurwa. Vashandi ava vakaratidza kuchinja kukuru kwehutano hwemukati nekunze nhengo dzebereki. Kunyanya neonatalin hermaphrodites, zvisinei, zvaive nezvakawanda zvinoratidza zviratidzo zvemurume wepabonde.
Pseudohermaphroditism
Iyo inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwevamwe vakavhenganiswa kunze kwemuviri wechipfu, asi zvipembenene zvepabonde zvinoumbwa zvakajeka nemhando yevarume kana vakadzi.
Pseudohermabauditism
Pseudohermaphroditism iboka rehutano hwemamiriro ezvinhu umo munhu ane zviratidzo zvekunze zvepabonde, uye zvipembenene zvepabonde zvinoumbwa maererano nemhando yevarume kana vakadzi. Vanhu ava vane mawere kana mavhai, uye kwete ose. Pseudohermaphroditism chirwere chisina kujairika, asi chinowanzoitika kakawanda kupfuura hermaphroditism yechokwadi. Kune miviri miviri mikuru yepseudohermaphroditism: murume nemukadzi. Nevakadzi hermaphroditism, mazai akawedzerwa uye clitoris anofanana nechirwere uye chirume.
Zvinokonzera
Kuita zvepabonde kwevarume pseudohermaphrodites kunogona kuve nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana, somuenzaniso, kuputsa kwema testes munguva yekubryonic kukura (gonadal dysgenesis), kusava nemuviri kwemuviri wemunhu kune testosterone, kushayikwa kwemakemikari anovimbisa kupindira kwemashutu ku testosterone.
Mukadzi pseudohermaphroditism
Mukadzi wechikadzi pseudohermaphrodites ane mukadzi wekromosome akaiswa (46, XX), asi nhengo dzomukati dzomukati dzaro dzinoumbwa zvishoma kana zvakakwana mumhando yevarume. Vanogona kuva ne hypertrophic clitoris yakafanana nepeni. Mikana yekuzaruka inowanzovharwa. Kuonekwa-semurume-kazhinji kunowanzokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwemhomoni dzevarume kuburikidza neadrenal gland panguva yekukura kwekumbryonic.
Enzyme insufficiency
Chikonzero chechirwere ichi chisingawanzove chingave kuputsa kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari nemadonal gland, kazhinji 21-hydroxylase. Iyi enzyme inofanirwa pakugadzirwa kwemahomoni maviri makuru e-adrenal glands, cortisol uye aldosterone. Nekushaikwa kwe-21-hydroxylase, aya mahomoni anobudiswa musingakwanisi. Pamusoro pekusawirirana kwehomoni, muviri unoita nekuwedzera kubudiswa kweAdrenocorticotropic hormone, iyo inoita kuti iwedzere kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvezere.
Male sex hormone
Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweAdrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal glands inoshandiswa, kubudisa, pakati pevamwe, varume vane mahomoni evanhu, uyerogens. Vachitungamirirwa nemuvirikadzi, zviratidzo zvevarume zvinoonekwa. Vana vane uwandu hwakadaro muhupenyu huse vanoda chirongwa chekugadzirisa mishonga nemaanorasi e cortisol uye aldosterone. Zvisinei, hazvigoni kuzadza enzyme inoshayikwa. Kana mwana wacho ane unhu hwepabonde, zvakakosha kusarudza kana achange ari mukomana kana mukadzi. Zvakakosha kuve nehanya nezvinodiwa nemwana. Kuita zvepabonde kunowanzoitika, zvakajeka kare kare pakuberekwa. Saka, zvakakosha zvikuru kutora matanho ekukurumidzira. Kusaruramiswa kwekurapa kwomwana anonyadzisira kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akakomba iye oga nevabereki vake. Kurapa kwakakodzera kunowanzogadzwa pakarepo mushure mekuonekwa kwecheche muchiedza.
Mukomana kana musikana?
Vose vanaamai navanababa vanoda kuziva kuti chizvarwa chavo chicheche chii. Kana pane kusava nechokwadi pamusoro peizvi, kupindura nokukurumidza hakufaniri kupiwa. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kuvashandi vezvokurapa kuti vasapindura mubvunzo mukuru wevabereki - vanomanikidzwa kutaura kana iri mukomana kana musikana.
Kuderera nechisarudzo
Izvo zvinetso zvakare zvinotsigira muchokwadi chokuti chisarudzo chebonde, chakatorwa pakarepo mushure mokuberekwa, chinobva chakaoma zvikuru kuchinja. Kubvira pakutanga, vabereki nehama vanobata vakomana nevasikana zvakasiyana. Iyi kusiyana kunozviratidza pakarepo - sekuti, vana vakaberekerwa vakapfeka nguo dzebhuruu, uye vasikana - mu pink. Uyezve, kuziva kwomwana nezvepabonde rake kunoumbwa kwegore nehafu yakapfuura. Nokudaro, mune dzimwe nguva zvingava zvakanaka kudzorera chizivimbiso chepabonde pane kutora chisarudzo chisina kunaka uye chisina kururama.
Psychological consequences
Vanachiremba nevarwere vanofanirwa kufungisisa nezveramangwana uye vanofungisisa kuti mafungiro akaoma omunhu pakuonekwa kwake - uye kunyanya kurara-anogona kutungamirira pamigumisiro yakakomba yepfungwa.
Childhood
Vana-vanaamai vanogona kuziva kuti vakasiyana nevamwe apo vanotanga kukurukura nevezera ravo kuchikoro. Vanogonawo kuona zvido zvevabereki nezvekuda kwavo zvepabonde.
The pubertal period
Nguva yekuparidzira ndeye nhanho inokosha yekusimudzira munhu wese. Zvinetso panguva ino zvine chokuita nehutano hunhu kana kuonekwa zvinowanzozivikanwa uye zvinogona kuva zvinotyisa. Pamusoro pemakwenzi, nguva ye pubertal inogona kuenda zvakanyanya. Vamwe vavo vanogona kunonoka pakuyaruka. Vamwe vanogona kuvhiringidzika nekuonekwa kunoonekwa mumuviri, somuenzaniso, bvudzi kukura pazviso uye kuwedzera mu clitoris yemusikana, kukura kwezvinyama zvinyoro mumurume wechidiki.
Kugadzirisa zvepabonde
Asati asarudza pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwepabonde hwechirwere chechirwere, chiremba anofanira kukurukura zvakadzama nevabereki izvo zvakanakisisa kumwana. Nzira yakarurama yezviito nekuremekedza mwana anonzi hermaphrodite inoreva kusagadzikana kwekutaura kunokurumidza pamusoro pepabonde rake.
The Council
Kune mumwe murwere anongobvunzurudza ari kubatwa nekubatanidzwa kwevanachiremba vevana, pamwe chete nevanyanzvi vezvehutano. Kubva pane zvidzidzo zvemajini uye zvinokonzerwa ne ultrasound, hutano hwakagamuchirwa kune mwana hunotsungirirwa. Ultrasound kuongororwa inobvumira kuona zviratidzo zvemukati, zvakadai sechibereko kana mapeti asina kusvika pachinzvimbo chakanaka. Vabereki vanowanzova nemanzwiro akasiyana-siyana: kuzununguswa, kusabatsirwa, kutsamwa kana kutya. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anoda kukurukurirana kwakakwana uye kubvunzurudzwa nevabereki.
Kugadzira chisarudzo
Vanachiremba dzimwe nguva vanodikanwa kupfuura zuva rimwe chete kuti vasarudze kuti ndevepi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kumwana. Panguva imwe chete, kupa zvinetso zvevabereki, izvi zvinofanira kutora nguva shoma sezvinobvira. Musati mhedziso yekupedzisira yasvika, chiratidzo chokuberekwa hachikwanisi kubudiswa. Pamberi pokubviswa kwekupedzisira, vanhu vose vanofarira (kusanganisira shamwari neshamwari) zvine ruremekedzo kumwana vanofanira kurega kushandisa mazwi anoreva zvepabonde, somuenzaniso "iye" kana kuti "iye".
Kubatanidzwa kwevabereki
Chisarudzo chekupedzisira nezvehutano hwemwana chinotorwa pamwe chete nevabereki. Izvi zvinofunga nezvekuchengetwa kwechromosome, hutano, basa re enzyme, pamwe chete nemamiriro ehutachiona uye hutano hwemhuka. Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuratidza ruzivo urwu kuhukama hwehama. Zvisinei, basa reyanyanzvi rine chokuita nekugadzirisa dambudziko iri nderokupa pfungwa huru sezviri pachena sezvinobvira, panguva imwecheteyo kuratidza tsitsi netsitsi. Chisarudzo chekupedzisira chinofanira kuva chisarudzo chepabonde, icho mwana anogona kuchengetedza hupenyu hwake hwose. Nyanzvi nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti mwana aberekwe ari musikana. Izvi ndezvokuti zvipfeko zvevakadzi zvepabonde nemubatsiro wepurojekiti yepurasitiki zviri nyore kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvekunze zvechikadzi. Sezvo mutemo, mune ramangwana, vanobudirira zvakakwana muchikwata semukadzi. Imwezve mukomana wechikadzi, uyo maitiro ake akaoma kuchinja zvakakwana kuti amupe mumiriri wemurume. Nokudaro, zvinosarudza kurera mwana akadai semusikana. Mune ramangwana, iye acharatidzika semusikana akazvarwa, uye gare gare semukadzi (asi iye haagoni kuva nevana). Maererano nemutemo, hutano hwevakadzi hunoratidzwa pane chiremba chekuberekwa kwomwana. Kana chisarudzo chakadaro chikaitwa, matese ose e testicular anobviswa. Chokutanga, nokuti mawere anogona kubudiswa mumatete, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvemurume (somuenzaniso, kukura kwebvudzi pameso). Chechipiri, mumuviri we testicular pane imwe nguva inotevera inogona kuonekwa sora rinoshanduka. Kana sarudzo ichiitwa kuti irere mwana-hermaphrodite semukomana uye ane peni duku zvikuru (micropeniasis), zvinokosha kutanga kutanga kurapwa nekukurumidza. Nokudaro, inogona kuwanikwa kuti, sezvaanokura, achava nehukama hwepedyo hwemurume.
Tarisa mberi
Paunenge uchiita chero chisarudzo, zvakakosha kufunga nezvemangwana, uchifunga nzira ipi yehupenyu iyo mwana achatungamirira munguva yemberi uye kuti anogadzirisa sei munharaunda.