Zvikamu zvehuropi
Iyo huru hemispheres inoparadzaniswa muzvikamu mazita ayo anopiwa nemapfupa anoavhara: • The lobes frontal iri pamberi peRandand uye pamusoro peSylvian furrow.
• Chirevo chenguva pfupi chinenge chiri shure kwepakati uye pamusoro pechikamu chepashure chese lateral sulcus; inowedzera kudzokera kumusara weparieto-occipital - kupera kwekuparadzanisa parietal lobe kubva kuma occipital, iyo inoita chikamu chepamusoro cheuropi.
• Chirevo chenguva pfupi ndiyo nzvimbo iri pasi pe sylvian furrow uye inopera kubva kumashure nelo occipital lobe.
Sezvo uropi huchikura zvakasimba vasati vaberekwa, chirwere chinonzi cerebral cortex chinotanga kuwedzera pamusoro payo, kuumba mapanga, izvo zvinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwechimiro chechimiro cheuropi chakaita sehuni. Aya mapepa anozivikanwa se convolutions, grooves inokamura mapofu avo anonzi furrows. Zvimwe zviyo zvevanhu vose zviri munzvimbo imwe chete, saka zvinoshandiswa semitemo yekuparadzanisa uropi muzvikamu zvina.
Kubudirira kwe convolutions uye mihororo
Furrows uye convolutions inotanga kuonekwa pamwedzi wegumi nemasere ekubudirira kwe fetus. Kusvikira panguva iyo, huro hwehuropi hunoramba hwakanaka, hwakafanana neuropi dze shiri kana mafikira. Kuumbwa kwepakagadzirwa kunopa kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro penzvimbo ye cerebral cortex mumamiriro ehuwandu huwandu hwekranium. Nhengo dzakasiyana dzekorinisi dzinoita zvakananga, zvakanyanyisa mabasa. Iko inonzi cerebral cortex inogona kugoverwa munzvimbo dzinotevera:
• Motokari nzvimbo - kutanga nekudzivirira kufamba kwemuviri. Inonyanya kushandisa motokari inodzora kufamba kwepakati kwemuviri. Pamberi pemotokari cortex ndiyo inonzi premotor cortex, uye nzvimbo yechitatu - imwe nzvimbo yemotokari - inoratidzika mukati memakona emakona epasi.
• Nharaunda dzenhengo dze cerebral cortex dzinoona uye dzinojekesa ruzivo kubva kune zvakagadziriswa zvakagadzikana mumuviri wose. Nharaunda yepamusoro yematasensoryory inogamuchira ruzivo kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri nenzira yemafungiro kubva kune zvakagamuchirwa zvakagadziriswa zvehutano, marwadzo, kutonhora uye nzvimbo yezvibatanidza nemasumbu (zvakagadziriswa zvinogamuchirwa).
Musoro wemuviri wemunhu une "zviratidzo" mumanzwiro uye motokari yeperebral cortex, iyo yakarongwa mune imwe nzira. Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, uyo aiita mumakore ekuma1950, akasika mapepa akasiyana-siyana emunzvimbo dzekunzwa kwecerebral cortex, iyo inonzwisisa ruzivo kubva kumativi akasiyana emuviri. Sezvo chikamu chekutsvakurudza kwake, akaongorora maitiro ayo akaratidza kuti munhu ari pasi peanesthesia yemunharaunda anorondedzera manzwiro ake pane imwe nguva apo iye akakurudzira dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupamhi hweuropi. Penfield yakaona kuti kukurudzirwa kwegyrus ya postcentral kwakaita kuti tactile kunzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo pane imwe hafu yemuviri. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuwanda kwe motokari cortex inokonzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzomuviri womunhu kunowedzera zvakanyanya pahutano hwehutano uye nekururama kwekufambisa kunoitwa kupfuura pane simba uye kuwanda kwemaviri evanhu. Iro cerebral cortex ine zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: grey nhengo isimbi yakatsetseka yemasero uye glial masero anenge 2 mm yakareba uye mhepo yakachena inoumbwa nerve fibers (axons) uye glial cells.
Pasi pehukuru humispheres yakafukidzwa nehupamhi hwehutema, iyo yakakura iyo inopararira kubva 2 kusvika 4 mm munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi. Musoro wakachena unoumbwa nemitumbi yemasero emasero (neurons) uye maglial cells ari kuita basa rinotsigira. Muchikamu chikuru che-cerebral cortex, zvikamu zvitanhatu zvemasero zvakasiyana zvinogona kuonekwa pasi pe microscope.
Neurons ye cerebral cortex
Mitumbi (iyo ine nucleus cell) yemapuroni e-cerebral cortex yakasiyana zvikuru nemafomu avo, zvisinei, zvikuru zviviri chete zvinoratidzika.
- Masero Pyramidal anowana zita ravo kubva mumufananidzo wemuviri we-neuron, unofanana nepiramidhi; tsvina yavo (nerve fibers) inobuda kubva kune cerebral cortex uye inotakura mashoko kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi.
- Non-pyramidal cells (mamwe ose) akagadzirirwa kuona nekugadzirisa mashoko kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Ukuru hwemasero matanhatu emasero anoumba cerebral cortex anosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nenzvimbo yeuropi. Muongorori wezvechirwere weGermany Corbinian Broadman (1868-191) akaongorora kusiyana uku kuburikidza nekuderedza masero emagetsi uye kuvatarisa pasi pe microscope. Chigumisiro chekutsvakurudza kwesainzi kwaBrmann kwaiva kuparadzaniswa kwechirwere chekemikari munzvimbo makumi mashanu dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinotarisirwa kuti zvigadziriswe. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti "minda yeBrman" yakadaro iri yoga inotamba nharaunda chaiyo yepanyama uye ine nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatana.