Munguva ichangopfuura, kuitira kuti akunde kusava nemwana, kunongedza kuve vanaamai vanozvipira nguva nenguva. Amai okuzvidzivirira ari muchokwadi chokuti mwana wemukomana (mune purogiramu yepamusoro yavanoti vatengi) inokohwa naamai vanozvimirira, iye pachake nemwana ari kuberekwa asina hukama hwemagene. Mhando iyi yekuberekwa kwevakadzi yakatanga kushandiswa kumakore ekuma1970, apo "mwana wekutanga kubva mumuviri wekuedza" akaberekwa. Uye rudzi urwu rwemadzimai ezvokutanga rwakatanga kunzi "gestational". MuRussia, kuberekwa kwevakadzi kunobvumirwa, asi munyika dzakawanda inorambidzwa kushandura kuva amai vekuzvarwa.
Kuzvidzivirira kwehutano hwemamai mune dzimwe nguva (somuenzaniso, kana zvichibva pakuvhiyiwa, mukadzi haagoni kuva nevana) ndiyo mikana chete yevakadzi kuti vave nemwana wavo. Infertility inogona kuitika nekuda kwekushayikwa kwechibereko, iyo yakabviswa nekuda kweropa panguva yebasa, fibroids. Dzimwe nguva vakadzi vane hutachiona hwehutachiona kana vane zvirwere zvakakomba zvinopindira nemugumisiro wehutano hwekuzvitakura kunoshandiswa kumubatsiro wemadzimai. Amai okuzvidzivirira anogona kushandiswa nevakadzi ivavo vakatova kazhinji vakatora mazai akanaka kumubereki, asi miedzo yose yakakundikana.
Purogiramu yakadaro mune dzimwe nyika yakarambidzwa nekuda kwezvitendero, asi muRussian Federation, iyo Family Code inopa hurumende yekuraira vana. Pasi pemitemo iripo, amai vanozvimirira vane kodzero yekusarudza kuguma kwomwana. Kungotaura, amai vanozvimirira vanogona kuchengeta mwana wavo uye hapana chaunogona kuita nezvazvo. Vabereki vanoberekwa vanogona kutora mwana wavo pachake mushure mekunge amai vanozvidzivirira vakaramba. Zvirwere munyaya iyi kusvika ikozvino hazvina kunzwisiswa kusvikira kuguma kwehurongwa.
Nokudaro, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vanhu vanoverengeka vanobatanidzwa - amai vanozvimirira uye, zvechokwadi, vabereki vanoberekwa. Amai vanogona kunge vane mhuri yavo, vasati vambova nemitoro, saka chisarudzo mune dzimwe nguva chinoshandura, pasinei nokuti mativi maviri aya akaisa zvinyorwa zvose zvakanyorwa. Kubudirira kwakadaro kunobvumirwa nemutemo. Kuberekwa kunogona kuvhiringidzika nekuda kwekuti vabereki vane mazamu pane chimwe chikonzero havadi kuva nevana vakafanana. Mukuva amai vanozvipira kune imwe pfungwa inokosha - kuwana mukadzi ane hutano. Zvinosuruvarisa, inenge hafu yemadzimai ekuberekwa ane matambudziko maduku eutano, saka hazvibviri kubvisa kuwedzera kwekuonekwa kwechirwere chechirwere zvachose (nekuda kwechibereko chevana vanogona kuramba mwana weramangwana). Hungu, uye kuti panguva yekubata nekuda kwedonho rekuchengetedzwa kwehutachiona hakuzovi nehutachiwana hutsva hunosiya, zvakare, haugone.
Maererano nehuwandu, kutora nemuitiro wekudyara kunoitika munenge makumi matatu ematatu ematambudziko, iyo imwechete inenge yakaitwa mumutambo weVF. Asi kuponeswa kwemambrus munyaya yokutanga (surrogate motherhood) yakakwirira kwazvo, pane kazhinji kuve nepamuviri yakawanda, iyo inonzi inokonzerwa nehutano hwakanyanya. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti amai vane hutano hwakanaka vanogona kunge vane ectopic pamuviri (inowanikwa mu 2% vanaamai vanozvimirira).
Utano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa hwemwana achangoberekwa hunoenderana nekunyatsoita kuti mukadzi anotakura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mukadzi anotora chirongwa chekuberekwa kwemwana ane manzwiro aamai pamusoro pomwana anouya, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kumupfungwa kuti ape mwana kuvabereki vane mazita. Pasinei neizvi, zviitiko zvevakadzi vanowanzopinda muchirongwa ichi vanozivikanwa. Vanaamai vanozvipupurira vanoitawo purogiramu iyi vakatendeka vanozadzisa zvavanosungirwa - ivo vane mari vanofarira izvi.
Vanaamai vanozvimirira vanoshandiswa nevanhu vanorasikirwa nekushaya vana, uye chirongwa ichi chinokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru edzimhuri kwavari uye kuvapa mukana wekuva nevana vavo. Mhuri dze "vatengi" vacheche, sekutonga, zvinotarisirwa zvikuru uye zvinonyanyodiwa.