Kunze kwekukanganiswa, zviratidzo zvekugara kwenguva refu zvinogona kuva: kupera kwekufema-mumatanho ekutanga echirwere kunowanikwa chete nekuedza muviri; nekufamba kwenguva kunodaro zvakanyanya zvokuti zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kana zvisingabviri kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva (somuenzaniso, kupfeka); kukanganisa kwakanyanya kune hutachiona - nemaperembudzi nemamwe zvirwere zvokufema, kune chimiro chekukurumidze kupararira kuchipfuva, kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kweputum, kuperevedza kwemhepo uye kuparadza kwemapapu; kugona, kudzivisa, kuderedza simba rekufungisisa, general malaise.
Morbidity
Chronic bronchitis inowanzoonekwa kune vakwegura. Ichi chirwere chinoitika mu17% yevarume uye 8% yevakadzi vane makore 40 kusvika ku 64. Vazhinji vavo vanoputa.
Zvinokonzera
Chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzerwa nekurwara kwenguva refu uye emphysema utsi hwefodya. Brononic isingaperi inenge isingatariswi nevasingatauri, uye chiyero chekuoma kwayo zvakanyatsobatana nenhamba yefodya yakasvuta zuva rega rega. Zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kukosha kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye guruva rezvemabhizimisi, asi zvinogona kuwedzera zvirwere zviripo. Zviratidzo zvinowanikwa mukurwara kwenguva refu zvinokonzerwa neketani inotevera:
- Simba-inobudisa-glands mumasvingo ebronchi uye trachea kuwedzera muzwi; kuwedzerwa kwezvinyorwa zvinosanganisira kubudiswa kwakanyanya kwechakavanzika chekuona, chinoparadzaniswa nenzira yeputum;
- Kupfurikidza kwepukamu kunotungamirira kuvhara kwebronchi;
- Pane kuoma kwemasvingo ebronchi, izvo zvinotungamirira kune kunyanya kuderera kwechiedza chavo.
Kurwisana kunokonzerwa nekurwisana kunogona kuendeswa nekuputika kwakaratidza kwebronchi, kuunganidza kwepus mukati mavo, kuumbwa kwezvironda uye zvinopisa. Mune varwere vakawanda vane COPD (chronic obstructive pesmary disease), pamwe chete nemaronda echirwere, pane zviratidzo zvekuvhara muviri. Emphysema yemapapu inozivikanwa nezviratidzo zvinotevera:
- kuchinja kusingadzorwi mumapapu, umo alveoli (air sacs) inowedzera muhukuru uye inorasikirwa nokuneta;
- ruzivo rwemapfupa ekufema zvinowedzera kuipa, izvo zvinowirirana nechitarisiko che dyspnea;
- kazhinji, emphysema inowanikwa nevasvuta;
- vamwe varwere vane maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro ekuvandudza emphysema.
Kuvapo kwekukwiridzira kunoramba kuripo ne sputum kubuda mune fodya nemakore akawanda kunotungamirira mukufungidzira kwekuongororwa kwebronchitis isingaperi. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kubvisa zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisika kusingaperi uye kufema kwemhepo - somuenzaniso, chirwere chepifupa, chirwere chepachifu kana chepenza yemapapu. Paunenge uchiongorora murwere ane chirwere chisingagumi, zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa:
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- kugadziriswa kana zviratidzo zvekuderera mumhepo inoenda mumapapu panguva yekusangana;
- kukufema nokukurumidza;
- kunetseka kupfurikidza - kutenderera kwemasvikiro emukati pamwe nemhino nekufuridzirwa;
- kuderedzwa kwechifuva chechipfuva pakufuridzirwa;
- cyanosis - ganda remurwere rinotarisa bluish nekuda kwekushaya kukwana kwemhepo kana kuwedzera kudzvinyirira pamwoyo pamusana pekuchinja kwemapapu mumapapu (izvo zvinonzi mapirmita mwoyo).
Diagnostics
Kuongororwa kwebronchitis isingaperi yakabva kune nzira dzinotevera:
- chifukidzo radiography haisi nguva dzose inodzidzisa, mumatanho ekutanga echirwere haigoni kuona kusakanganisika;
- kuongororwa kweropa - chiyero chehemoglobin uye iyo yakawanda yeyerythrocyte inokonzerwa inogona kuwedzerwa semugumisiro wekugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa nekuderedza muzinga we okisijeni mumapapu;
- electrocardiogram (ECG) - inogona kuona kuwandisa kwemwoyo wakarurama, kuita ropa kunyorera pamapapu;
- miviri yemashonga yemashonga - inoshandiswa kuyera ivhu remhepo yakanyoroveswa uye yakanyoroveswa, uyewo simba rinokosha remapapu.
Basa rekukosha kwekutanga pakurapa kwebhonchitis ndekuguma kwekusvuta. Kunyangwe nechimiro chakaipa chechirwere, izvi zvinowanzoita kuti kuderedzwa kwekukanganiswa. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nezvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvakadai sekusvibiswa kwemweya uye guruva remabhizimisi, zvinofanirawo kudziviswa.
Mishonga
Iko kune mapoka mashoma emishonga inoshandiswa kurapa bronchitis isingaperi:
- bronchodilators. Kugadzirira kweboka iri (salbutamol, ipratropium bromide) kukurudzira kuwedzera kwebronchi, iyo inotungamirira pakufema zvakanaka. Vanoita zvakanyanya kubudirira uye vanonyatsobvumirwa nevarwere vane maitiro aerosols ekudzivirira;
- corticosteroids. Deredza kuderedza kupisa. Havasi varwere vose vanoita kurapwa ne corticosteroids. Zvisinei, kana chirongwa chemukati chekudyiwa kwema prednisolone kwemazuva maviri chinotungamirira kuderedza kuderedza dyspnea, nguva refu kwenguva refu uye steroid inhaled inogona kuratidzwa. Maitiro anobudirira emakemikari anonzi inhaled steroid akaderera kupfuura mahwendefa, izvo zvinoderedza ngozi yemigumisiro;
- antibiotics. Mune zvirwere zvakanyanya kufema, mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya unorayirwa kuti udzivirire matambudziko kubva kumapapu. Mishonga inokurudzirwa kutanga apo sputum inoratidzika yakatsvuka kana yakasvibira;
- kudzivirira utachiona. Muchirwere chisingaperi, zvinokosha kuti usaregeredza gore negore
- kunorapwa nehutachiona, sezvo chirwere ichi chinowedzera mukana wekudzivirira zvirwere zvepemmonary;
- oxygen therapy. Inonyatsoratidzwa nehutachiona hwekudzivirirwa mumhepo yekufema kunopesana nekuputika kwezvirwere. Mukudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanya kwechirwere chisingagumi, ocongenatherapy kwenguva yakareba, inenge yakapoteredza nguva (kunyange panguva yehope), inogona kubatsira kuderedza kufema kwekufema nekuvandudza kupona kwevarwere.
Mimwe mishonga
Nzira dzinotevera dzinogonawo kuvandudza mamiriro ebronchitis:
- Physiotherapy - inokurudzira kusununguka kweputum;
- steam inhalations - inoita kuti kubudiswa kwephlegm, iyo inobhururuka pamusoro pokukanganiswa kwayo;
- kurovedza kurapwa - kuumba chinangwa chevarwere chekudzidzira muviri nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kufema kwekufema uye kuneta;
- kubatsira kwepamuviri yemapapu - kana mamiriro acho akaipisisa pamusoro pemamiriro ekurwara kwakanyanya, mupfuri wepamusoro unogona kushandiswa (mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kunetseka kwekufema kunova kutyisa upenyu).
Pakutanga kwechirwere, zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidzwa zvishoma. Murwere ane chifuva ane sputum shoma. Kana iwe ukarega kusvuta panguva iyi, pangasave nekufambira mberi kwechirwere uye kunyangwe kushanduka kwekutsva kwekuputika kuchinja mu bronchi. Nechirwere chakanyanya chebhonchitis nekuenderera mberi kwekusvuta, chirevo chekufema chinokonzera kupora chinoumbwa, icho chinogona kuoma nemhepo yepineum uye kupera kwekupera. Dambudziko rekufa kubva pakurwara kwenguva refu kune vanoputa rakakwirira kudarika kune vasiri kusvuta. Muchikamu chinenge makumi mashanu kubva mumakumi mashanu ematambudziko, varwere vane zvinetso zvakanyanya zvekufema vanofa mukati pemakore mashanu ekutanga kwechirwere, asi chirevo chinowedzera nekurega. Kufa kwehuwandu hunowedzera nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwemweya. Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti kuwedzera kwechirwere chisingagumi, kurapwa kwechirwere ichi, chiri kuenderera mberi.