Ndeapi shamwari dzekuti kofi inokukonzera? Kutanga kwezuva idzva, kupera kofi nevamwe vashandi muhofisi, zuva rerudo mumusasa, musangano webhizimisi, kukurukurirana kunofadza neshamwari ... Iri rondedzero rinogona kupfuurirwa nekusingaperi: kofi yakagara iri chikamu chinokosha muupenyu hwedu. Inotendwa kuti maererano nekuzivikanwa kwayo, inobereka chete kumvura. Zvinobatsira zviyo zvekofi yakasviba ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemakironutrient anokosha uye antioxidants.
Kafi kubva panguva yekare kare yaifungidzirwa sekunakidzwa kwevanyori, vanyori uye vanofunga. Semuenzaniso, Honore de Balzac aigona kunyaradza kunwa kusvika makumi makumi matanhatu emakapu efivha pazuva. Nenzira yakanyanyisa ndeyekufananidzira kwaVoltaire, uyo akachera makapu makumi mashanu pazuva. Zvechokwadi, kunyanyisa kwakadaro hakuna kudarika pasina tsanangudzo yehutano hwavo ...
Muchitungamiri chemuzvitengi wedu, takaedza kuunganidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunwa ichi: kupi uye nguva yekutanga kwekufi kawanika, sei kuinwa, kwete kuita zvinokuvadza hutano, ndeapi nzira dzekugadzirira kwayo, uye nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Kunwa kwemufaro
Kusvikira nhasi, kupikisana kuri kuitwa pamusoro pemigumisiro yekofi pamuviri womunhu. Mukati mehavha yehafi ine mazana emakemikari anopfuura zviuru zviviri, ayo chete hafu akadzidza. Saka pane zvakawanda zvitsva zvinowanikwa mberi. Chii chinonyatsozivikanwa: caffeine ine simba rinonakidza pamusana penheyo system (inoderedza midziyo yeuropi, inoita kuti uropi uite). Ndokusaka mukombe weinhu inonhuhwirira nyore nyore inogona kukunda kurara uye musoro, kunze kweiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuora mwoyo (thanks to hormone of happiness in the serotonin).
Iyo inobatsira yemafuta madema akakodzera mukurumbira weaphrodisiac: caffeine inokurudzira nzvimbo yeuropi inotarisirwa kuita zvepabonde. Saka usave wakasviba mangwanani-ngwanani kuti uparadze iwe waunofarira kofi mumubhedha.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvakaratidza kuti mukombe wekofi inoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa uye kunoderedza marwadzo emishure mushure mokunge uchinge wanyanyisa kushanda pajimini.
Espresso inowanzoshandiswa negirazi remvura inotonhorera inotonhorera, iyo iyo inobatsira kunzwa manzwisisiro ezvokudya.
Coffeemaker's Guide
Kunaka kwechinwiwa kunobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda: makirasi emakisi, kunyavira uye kusvuta zviyo.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana
Kukosha kwehurumende kune mhando miviri mikuru yemiti yekofi: Arabica naRobusta. Arabica ine unhu hwakanaka uye unhu husina kunaka, hwakapfuma. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvitsuwa zvinonyanya kugadzirisa kushanduka kwekushisa uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo inofananidzira zvikamu zvitatu zvemafuro ekugadzirwa kwefivha pasi.
Robusta haisi kunyanya kubva pakukura kwemamiriro. Zvisinei, iyo yakaderera kuArabhua kuburikidza nekuravira kwayo maitiro: kutora kwayo kwakasimba, zvishoma kuvhiringidzika uye kuvhunduka. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvine kaviri kaseine yakawanda.
Sezvo mutemo, muzvikwata zveUkraine zvitsva zvinokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidzwa, zvinokonzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunakidza nekunhuhwirira.
Degree yekucheka mbeu
Kubva kune imwechete yezviyo mukugadzira frying, unogona kuwana kofi yekunakidza zvakasiyana. Kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvekucheka: chiedza (chiScandinavia), chikati (Viennese), chakasimba (chiFrench) uye, pakupedzisira, chinonyanyisa (chiItaly). Inofungidzirwa kuti kana nguva yakareba kupisa kwemafuta kwemaini kunopera, kunyanya kushanda ndiyo mafuta anokosha. Saizvozvowo, uye tora inowedzera kuzara, nekutaura kunorwadza.
Method uye degree yekukuya
Pakuvhenekesa kokutanga kwakagadzirwa zvakakwana, ndokupwanyika mumarara. Chero chete kana kofi yakaenda kuTurkey, yakatanga kugaya mupande.
Zvinyatsozivikanwa zvezvinhu zvinobatsira zvekofi yekasi inokurudzira kushandisa grinder neguyo rekugadzirira kunwa. Kana iwe uine shanduro yevotoriki (nemapanga), edza kusabvumira kupisa kwakasimba kwesimbi: kunakidza uye kunhuhwirira kwekofi kurasikirwa zvakanyanya.
Kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvekukuya kwezviyo: muvhu, guru, midzi uye yakaoma kukuya. Nhoroondo yekofi yakatanga makore akawanda Kristu asati ari muruwa rweKafa (Ethiopia, East Africa). Maererano neimwe yenhau dzakawanda, mufudzi wekuEthiopia Caldi akashamiswa nemafambiro embudzi yake mushure mekutsvaira chiedza chakachena chemuti wekhofi. Ipapo mufudzi anofungisisa akazvisunga kuti aedze majikiri akafanana nemakrisries. Sezviri pachena, vakamufananidza kuti adye, nokuti pasina nguva coffee yakava soro inofarira yeArab. Kusvikira muzana ramakore rechi17, kofi yakakurumbira zvikurukuru paArabia Peninsula. Kwenguva yakareba, kutengesa kwezvirimwa (zvisina kubviswa) kwakarambidzwa - kudzivirira kushanda kwavo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Zvisinei, muna 1616 vaDutch vakakwanisa kuvhara zvikwata zve "live" zvakawanda. Gare gare vakatanga kukura kofi mumakoloni avo muIndia neIndonesia (nhasi ino inharaunda yechina yekutengesa kofi munyika yose). Wokutanga kuunza kofi kuEurope vaitengesa venetian (pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17). Kutanga, kubviswa kwehavha yehafi kwaishandiswa chete pamishonga yemishonga, asi kare muna 1646 imba yekutanga yekhofi yakavhurwa muVenice. Nokukurumidza masangano akadaro akaonekwa muEurope yose. MuRussia, kofi yakauya kuburikidza naMambo Peter I, uyo akanga akapindwa muropa nedoro rinonhuwira muHolland. Nhasi, mhavha yekhofi imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru mukutengeserana kwenyika, iyo inokosha iyo yechipiri chete kune mafuta.
Vakawanda vekofi vanoda kuwedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinonhuwira kune kofi, izvo zvinoita kuti mvura inonaka inonaka uye inonaka. Edza kadhimamu, sinamoni, nutmeg, clove, ginger uye pepper inotapira.
Nokuda kwezvose zvinonaka
Nzira dzekugadzirira
Kofi kumabvazuva (muTurkey)
1 tsp. kofi yepamusoro yepamusoro yekurara muzhez (Turk) uye kudurura hafu yegirazi yemvura inotonhorera. Iva kupisa pamusoro pekupisa pasina kusanganisa. Pangosvika pombi yekofi inotanga kubuda, bvisa kubva pakupisa uye, pasina kusvina, shandisai kofi mumikombe. French Press (piston method) Kofi yakavhara kuti irere panhovo yepamusoro yegirazi mudziyo, wodira mvura inopisa. Rega kunwa kunyorerwe kwemaminitsi mashanu, uye gadzirisa zvakasviba ne pistoni yakaiswa pachivigiro. Kutora nzira (filtration) Nzira iri nyore yekubika kapu. Ikofi yepakati inopera yakafukidzwa mumucheka wakagadzirwa. Mvura inotonhora yakakwirira inopiwa donhwe nehosi, iyo mushure mekunyorwa kunotumirwa kunhovha yekofi. Mhando yemagetsi yekofi. Chigadzirwa chacho chine zvikamu zvitatu. Mumvura yakadzika inodururwa, pakati pese yakaisa kofi yakaoma, pamusoro pemvura inonwiwa inogadziriswa. Mhepo inotonhorera inomuka ichienda nejaser uye ichipfuura nepakati pekofi inopinda muhotera yakakwirira. Kofi inobuda yakasimba uye izere. Kugadziriswa kahawa mumafuta mune espresso coffee machine yakagadzirirwa pasi pemaminiti - kungovhara bhomwe imwe chete. Izwi rekushanda rinowanikwa pakufamba kwemhepo pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kuburikidza nekofi yakaisvonaka yakagadzirwa.
Kofi zvinonwa
Kubva pamashoko ekune dzimwe nyika mune menyu yemisha yekhofi yemazuva ano, maziso anotarisa. Ngatitangei kuburikidza nekubika kukuru mapeji. Espresso ndiyo "mambo" mu legion yewaini yekunwa: ndezvekuti mamwe marudzi ose akagadzirirwa. Kune imwe inoshumira, 7 gramu yekofi pasi (1 teaspoon) uye 40 ml yemvura inopisa inodiwa. American - espresso pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwemvura inopisa. Iyo inowanzovhara inonzi -120 ml. Cappuccino - espresso nemukaka wakabatwa nemukaka (yakashandiswa nesinamoni). Misi inorohwa mumushini we espresso ine steam generator. Ristretto ndiyo yakanyanya kunyanya kuiswa uye ikhofi inokurudzira (7 g yekhofi ye 20-25 ml yemvura). Chikamu chakagadzirirwa 1-2 sips. Inoshandiswa, sekutonga, pasina shuga. Shumira negirazi yemvura inotonhora. Latte ibasa rinenge rine zvikamu zvitatu: mukaka, espresso uye mukaka mutezo. Inwiwa inoshandiswa mune imwe girazi yakakwirira ine tube.
Chero chete makapu maviri ekofi zuva richakubatsira iwe kurasikirwa nemapirundi akawedzerwa. Muchiitiko ichi, yakasvibiswa yakareba inogona kushandiswa kumitambo yemusha.
Kofi yepanyama ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha izvo zvinotungamirira makambani ekuzora zvinowedzera kuisanganisira muzvikanda uye maziso ekuchengetedza ganda kwechiso uye muviri. Kuongorora kwakagadziriswa: kapu ye espresso inoita kuti metabolism inenge 4%. Mukuwedzera, caffeine inokurumidza kupera kwemafuta, inoderedza kudya uye inodzivisa kudya kwekudya.
Kofi inogonawo kushandiswa senzira yekunze. Dzadzai nzvimbo dzekofi nelotion kumuviri. Tora iyo nechinetso nzvimbo (mahudyu, mudumbu, mabheji) uye vakufukidze nefirimu yekudya. Mushure meawa, gezai uye shandisa mukaka unopisa. Penguva yewaini yakavhara, caffeine inopinda mukati memukati anonzi adipose tissue. Uye zvikamu izvi zvinoshambadza ganda, kunatsiridza neropa uye lymph flow.
Kuchenesa kwakadzika kuchabatsira ganda rako kuti ripenye! Manheru, mushure mekushambidza mishonga, tora mapepa maviri emucheka wakaisvonaka uye uikanganise zvakakwana nemakisi ako anowanzogutsa. Kusanganiswa kwakakonzerwa mukati memaminitsi maviri kusvika pamaminitsi mashoma gonhera mucheka rechiso muchitungamiri chemasero, nekugeza nemvura inodziya. Iite kamwechete pavhiki.
Kuchenesa ganda remuviri kubva kune masero akafa, tora kawa yevhu shoma (unogona kudha) uye sodium miviri (kwemaminitsi mashanu). Iyi nzira inotarisa dambudziko reganda pamakumbo uye mudumbu, rinonyaradza nekuchenesa ganda, uye rinobvisawo chepfu.
Pashoma caffeine
Kune vanhu vazhinji, pane chimwe chikonzero kana chimwe, kofi yepanyama inopesana. Mhinduro yacho yakawanikwa: kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, ikhofi ye decaffeinated yakatanga kubudiswa muU.SA. Zvisinei, chigadzirwa ichi hachikwanisi kuonekwa sechishandiso, nokuti makemikari nzira anoshandiswa kubvisa caffeine kubva kune zviyo. Semuenzaniso, methylene chloride uye ethyl acetate zvinoshandiswa, zvisikwa zvinogona kupinda mumugumo wekupedzisira. Muna 1979, veSwitzerland vakagadzira nzira iyo mvura chete uye tsvina kubva mumarasha zvinoshandiswa. Zvisinei, inodhura, semubairo wekuti haina kugamuchira kugoverwa kwemashoma. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo, masayendisiti anoronga kushandisa maitiro ekugadzira mazita ekugadzirisa maitiro ekuchengetedza geni rinokonzerwa nekutanga kwekafineine muzviyo. Hazvina maturo kutaura, kuti kuchengetedzwa kwe GMOs pasi pemubvunzo mukuru ?!