Zvirwere zvepachikafu zvinowanzozara pasi rose. Parizvino, nheyo yacho inonyanya kuzivikanwa kuti kenza ine mararamiro, uye chikonzero chayo chaicho chinowanzotangira genetic mutation (DNA kukuvara) inokonzera kuvhiringidzwa kwebasa rinokosha.
Kuchinja kweporadic
Nenzira yakanaka, vazhinji (kusvika ku70%) yezviitiko izvi zvinochinja, i.e. inoitika mune imwe sero yemuviri. Zvepabonde masero (oocytes uye spermatozoa) haatambudzi, izvo zvisingabatanidzi njodzi yekuwana kenza. Chikonzero chezvinhu zvakawanda izvi zvinochinja hazvizivikanwi, asi zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinokanganisa DNA dzema cell, zvakadai seutsi hwefodya, zvakaonekwa. Iro 5-10% yezvirwere zvekenza zvinonzwisiswa sechimiro chekuberekwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti njodzi yezvirwere nemhando idzi dzekenza dzinogona kupiwa nhaka. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nenhaka yekuchinja kwezvinhu zvinonzi mazita ekugadziriswa kwekenza.
Genetic mutation
Mumuviri womunhu, kune mazita ejeni anodzora basa rinokosha rekamuri. Kana zvikachinja, kenza inogona kukura. Chirwere chinogona kuitika mune chero sero remuviri, kusanganisira ovules kana spermatozoa (kushanduka kwemajeri masero emajeri). Nokudaro, kuchinja kunogona kupfuudzwa kumarudzi anotevera. Nekuchinja kwakadaro, mararamiro enhaka inowanzochengetwa zvakanaka.
Mhuri Mhosva dzeKenza
Inenge 20 muzana yekenza inogona kuonekwa semhuri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukati memhuri imwe chete kune mamiriyoni ezvirwere zvekenza pasina ruzivo rwakajeka rwefa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chirwere chinogona kuva chigumisiro:
- "Hazvibudiriri" kuunganidza miitiro inowanikwa yekenza mukati memhuri imwe chete;
- nhaka yenhengo dzemazuva ano dzinokonzerwa nekenza, pamwe nekuwedzera zvishoma mumukana wekuva nekenza;
- Kushanda pamwe chete kune zvakatipoteredza mukati memhuri imwe chete, yakadai semhuri yevasvuta.
Ikoko kunogonawo kuve nekubatanidzwa kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana, zvakadai senhaka yemamwe magenhi anoita kuti munhu awedzere kutarisana nemagariro ezvakatipoteredza. Mumumuviri wemunhu, kune mabhuku maviri ega ega ega inotora nhaka kubva kune umwe neumwe wevabereki. Kana mumwe wevabereki ane kopi imwe yegadziriro yekenza yemuviri inoshandiswa, mutambo wekutumira kune vana ndeye 50%. Nokudaro, njodzi yekuve nekenza haisi nguva dzose inotora nhaka.
Genetic nhaka
Nhaka yekodhi imwechete yemutumbi wekutenderera mberi kwekenza haisi nguva dzose inotungamirira kuchirwere. Izvi ndechokuti sero rinokwanisa kushanda zvakajeka nechipiri kopi yakarongeka yejeni yakagara nhaka kune mumwe mubereki. Zvisinei, kana iri muchitokisi kushandurwa kwekodha kese yakagadzirwa kare, inogona kukonzera kukura kwechirwere chekenza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chikonzero chechipiri chekuchinja hazvizivikanwi.
Ngozi yokuva nekenza
Mikana yekukura kwekenza nekuda kwenhaka yekuchinjwa kwegene rekugadziriswa kwekenza inotsanangurwa neshoko rokuti "kupindira". Inowanzosvika 100%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anowana nhaka isina kukwana haafaniri kurwara nekenza, sezvo izvi zvinoda kuchinja uye chikamu chechipiri chejeni. Zvimwe mazamu ezvakafananidzwa nekenza zvinogona kukonzera mishonga yakawanda mumhuri imwechete, yakadai seyamuti nekenza yemukenza. Mamwe mazai akabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehutano hwekenza kune dzimwe, zvirwere zvisingarevi. Somuenzaniso, chirwere chakadai seyeurofibromatosis, chinosangana nehuwandu hwechirwere chetachiona. Mhedziso huru inobatanidza nehutachiona hwehutano uye kuvapo kwebenign nodules paganda.
Dambudziko rekuongorora
Ngozi yekuva nekenza inobatanidza nehupenyu hwemajeni anokonzerwa nekenza inobva kune rudzi rwechiremera chejeni uye kupindira kwayo. Mukuongorora kukosha kwengozi, zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvinotorwa munyaya iyi: mukana wekugara nhaka yemhuri yemhando yekenza. Zvinotenderera kuwanda kwezviitiko uye maitiro ekenza iyo inofananidzwa nemhuri iyi, pamwe nezera iro chirwere ichi chakaitika; mukana wekuti mutevedzeri wemhuri iyi awane nhaka yemu gene. Inofanirwa nechigaro chake mu pedigree, age, kuvapo kwechirwere chakaipa; mukana wekuva nekenza kana geni rakagara nhaka; inogadziriswa nekupinda kwayo. Mukuongororwa kwengozi, kusanganiswa kwezvinhu izvi kunotorwa munyaya. Kakawanda migumisiro yakaoma kutaura mufomu inowanikwa kune murwere. Hapana imwe nzira yakarurama yekumuudza pamusoro pengozi yekuve nekenza - nzira inofanira kuva yega. Kazhinji kacho, chiyero chematambudziko chinomirirwa sepakati kana se 1: X chiyero. Kukosha kunowanikwa kunoenzaniswa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Vatungamiri vevarwere - vatakuri vemagenwe anosangana nekenza vanobva, kunyanya, pamwero wekuda kwekukura kwekenza. Inoongororwa nebatsiro rwekunyanya kuongororwa mukugadzirisa mazano ekuberekwa. Kusarudzwa kwehutano kune hutachiona hwekenza mumhuri kunogona kuonekwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, kana mumwe wemitezo yake ane hanya nehuwandu huwandu hwemhosva dzekenza mune hama uye kutsvaga mazano kubva kune nyanzvi. Nhengo dzemhuri dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwekenza dzinotanga kukura zvirwere zvinotyisa panguva duku. Uyezve, chiitiko chekuderera mumhuri kunogona kuva akakwirira kupinda munharaunda.
Kanzira muvana
Kuwanda kwekenza yemhuri yemukondombera, kutanga kwechirwere hakuwanzove muhuduku, kunze kwemamwe maitiro asingatauriki zvakanyanya, akadai se multiple endocrine neoplasia-H (MEN-H) syndrome.
Miitiro yekuchengetwa kwevakawanda
Parizvino, hazvibviri kukwanisa kuongororwa paine genetic centre yevarwere vose vane mhosva dzekenza mumhuri. Saka, zvakakosha kuti mazvipatara aya anoteerera mitemo yehutano. Chivi chinowanikwawo nehutano hwevarwere pahutano hwakawedzerwa hwekuva nemukenza, asi kwete yakakwana zvakakwana kugamuchira kutumirwa kune unyanzvi. Basa rekupa mazano ekurapa nderokupa varwere vane ruzivo rwekufambisa ruzivo pamusoro pemararamiro ekugadzirwa kwezviremara zvinouraya.
Genetic centers
Mukliniki, vanachiremba vanokwanisa kuongorora zvakagadzirirwa nhaka uye mukana wekuve nekenza, vanopa murwere ruzivo pamusoro penhaka yezvisikwa zvinoita kuti vawedzerwe panjodzi uye kuongororwa kwemajini. Zvakakosha kutsanangurira murwere kuti hazvisi zvose zvinokonzerwa nekenza yemhuri zvinosanganiswa nenhaka yejaya rinozivikanwa yezvakagadzirirwa - vazhinji vavo havana kuonekwa kuti varipo. Kuongororwa Nengozi Njodzi yekenza inogona kuva dambudziko mukuratidza dambudziko guru rekenza. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa nenzira yakadai sokusaita kuti murwere anetseke zvikuru. Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kutsanangurira murwere kuti chirwere chekenza chakaderera pane zvaaifunga. Somuenzaniso, kune pfungwa dzisina kururama yokuti mwanasikana wemurwere ane kenza yemazamu iboka rinowedzera dambudziko rechirwere ichi. Kana nyaya yechirwere chaamai ichive yakasiyana mumhuri uye chironda chacho chakaonekwa mushure mekuguma kwemwedzi, njodzi yekudzivirira kenza yepabvu haisi yakakwirira kudarika vanhu. Urongwa hwehutano hwemurwere kana mhuri yose hunoenderana nemigumisiro yekupedzisira yekuongororwa kwehutano hwekugara kwechirwere chetachiona chechirwere chetachiona uye chiitiko chakabatanidzwa chekuita chirwere chakaipa.
Kune zvikamu zvina zvekutungamirira kwevatano vakadaro (yekutanga yekutanga inogona kushandiswawo mumamiriro ezvinhu ehuwandu hunogona):
- kuongororwa kwekenza - inosanganisira mammography kuti isabvisa mazamu emvere uye colonoscopy kuona kenza yekoloni;
- mararamiro emararamiro - kudya kunovaka muviri uye kusasvuta;
- genetic analysis;
- zvinodzivirira.
Matanho ekudzivirira
Varwere vane ngozi yakanyanya yepachirwere chekenza yakazara mukuwedzera kuongorora uye kuchinja mararamiro kunopiwa maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye zvimwe zvinodzivirira. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira prophylactic mastectomy (kubviswa kwezvinyorwa zvemamota) uye oophorectomy (kubviswa kweiyo mazai) muvatakuri ve BRCA1 / 2 gene uye colectomy (kubviswa kwemukumbo mukuru) vari vatakuri veFAP gene kudzivirira kukura kwekenza yezvikamu izvi munguva yemberi. Kuti uone kushanduka kwemamwe majini anokonzerwa nekenza, zvinokwanisika kuitisa kuongororwa kwemuropa. Kuchinja-chinja kunowanzokonzera muviri wose, uye kumhuri dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzemararamiro anoshanduka unhu. Mune mamwe marudzi madzinza mune tsika yokutakura chimwe chinhu. Pamberi kwekuenzanisa kwemajeni kunopiwa kumhuri yese, zvinokosha kuziva rudzi rwemhuri yekuchinja. Nokuda kweizvi, kuongororwa kweropa kunonyanya kuitwa nenhengo yemhuri iyo inenge yakatovhiringidzwa nekenza. Kamwe rudzi rwekuchinja kwemhuri rwakatsanangurwa, zvinobvira kuitisa chimiro chekuberekwa kune dzimwe hama. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinowanzoitika kuti dzimwe nhengo dzomumhuri dzine kenza hadziri vapenyu uye hazvibviri kuita chirwere chemajini. Muchiitiko ichi, vatungamiri vevamwe vemumhuri vasingakwanisi kuongororwa mukana wekuchinja mutsa.
Migumisiro yei genetic analysis
Kuenzanisa kwemajeni kunofanira kuitwa chete nehuwandu hwemagetsi ekupa mazano, mukugadzirisa uko kunotanga mhinduro uye kunopa nguva yekufungisisa. Iyo nhaurirano inokurukura nezvemagariro evanhu uye humwe hwehutano hwakanaka kana husina kunaka. Chigumisiro chakanaka chingave nemigumisiro yakaipa yepfungwa kune munhu akaedzwa uye nhengo dzemhuri yake. Inogonawo kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa yemagariro evanhu, sekushaya kukwanisa kuisa hupenyu hwehupenyu kana kuwana basa.
Kuongorora zvirwere muvana
Vana havasi kugara vachikurudzirwa kushandisa maitiro ekuongorora mazita ejeni kunobatanidzwa nekukwanisa kuve nekenza muhukuru. Chidzidzo chinoitwa chete kana chiitiko chacho chichikanganisa kutungamirirwa kwemurwere, somuenzaniso, muMEN-PA syndrome. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vatakuri vemagetsi anogadziriswa vanopiwa utachiona hwemaperembudzi pazera remakore mashanu kusvika kune gumi nemashanu, izvo zvisingabatanidzi kukurudzirwa kwemarayirini emukiriniki weradio.