Zvirwere zvisingaperi zvemuviri wekupema zvinogona kukanganisa utano hwomwana. Zvakare, zvinogona kuva zvose chirwere chakazvimiririra uye chikamu chinokosha chechirwere chisingaperi chemararamiro. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kune fodya yakawanda uye chifukidziro chinowanzoitika muhuduku. Zviratidzo zvekusingaperi zvirwere zvinoputika zvinosanganisira:
- kugunun'una kana kuputika;
- Kusuruvara kwekufema nekusawirirana kune zvekuita zvekuita;
- chimiro chechipfuva;
- cyanosis - cyanotic staining yemiromo (inogona kuratidza hutsika hwakanyanya hwe okisijeni muropa);
- kuwedzerwa kwechiremera phalanges yeminwe nekushandura zvipikiri nerudzi rwe "girazi rekucherechedza" (ringangodaro chiratidzo chechirwere chisingaperi);
- rakakwira mukubudirira (kana kukura kwomwana hakusviki nemitemo, unofanira kutarisa chikonzero).
Vamwe vana vanowanzoita zvirwere zvokufema nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:
Neuromuscular diseases
Chero munhu ane hutachiona husina simba kana kupera kwemapfupa, kunyanya ne scoliosis (kuputika kwepamusoro), kuwedzerwa njodzi yehupenzi-ventilation yemapapu, kutyora kwemaitiro ekuchenesa kubva kune hutachiona uye kupfuurira kunopera kupera. Kuti uchengetedze hutano, hutano hwakakwana hwemakumbo uye chirwere chepotheotherapy nguva dzose zvinodiwa.
Immunodeficiency
Kuonekwa kune zvirwere kunogona kusanganiswa nezviratidzo zvekusingaperi kwemapurmonary pathology. Apo hutachiona hunopera simba, zvirwere zvakakomba zvinokonzerwa neatypical microbes. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuongororwa kwemuviri wemuviri kunoda.
Kana pasina mhinduro kumagariro ezvokurapa, chiremba anofanirwa kuongorora nhoroondo yezvechiremba yemwana zvakadzama uye kuitisa kunyatsoongorora. Zvichienderana nezvakaitika munhoroondo yemumwe mwana, zvinotevera zvirongwa zvinorayirirwa:
- kuenzanisa kureba uye kuyerwa kwemwana;
- Chifukidzo X-ray;
- kudzidza nezvemagetsi ehurumende;
- miedzo ye cystic fibrosis, umo mune kukanganisa kwebasa re cilia pamusoro pemasero akavhara nzira yekufema (iyo inotungamirira pakupererwa kwemukasi);
- miedzo yekuziva gastroesophageal reflux;
- miedzo yekusangana;
- tuberculin test.
Chikonzero chinonyanya kukosha chezviratidzo pane chikamu chekupumadza kwevana ndechekushaya mweya. Chirwere chacho chinokanganisa kusvika 11-15% yevana uye zvinokonzera kuputika uye kuputika kwemhepo, iyo inokonzera kubuda kwemhepo mumapapu. Zvisinei, kwete kunyanya kukohwa kana kuputira mumwana kunoreva chirwere. Zvakakosha kuparadzanisa chirwere chepifu kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Izvi zvinokubvumira kupa chirongwa chakakodzera. Pakati pezvikonzero zvinokonzera zvirwere zvekuporesa zvirwere zvitatu zvikuru.
Gastroesophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) inokanda kutuka kwezvokudya zvemukati mukati meyo. Chiedza GER chakajairika - chinokonzera zviratidzo zvekudzokazve mukaka mucheche. GER yakakura inogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipisisa mumhando yekusimudza marara, kurwadza kwepfungwa uye kuputika kwepamuviri yepamusoro nekuda kwekudzivirira kwezvokudya zvechingwa. Ichi chirwere chinonyanya kukuvadza mucheche nevana vemakore ekutanga ehupenyu. Kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pakuenzanisa uwandu hwe acidity muchitsiko chepasi chemaawa mukati meawa makumi maviri nemaviri. Kazhinji, asidi yakagadzikana yemudumbu haifaniri kupinda mukati.
Bronchoectasia
Bronchoectasia chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chemapfupa ekufema. Izvi zvinoreva kuti panzvimbo yekuderedza chiedza chebronchi sematavi anobuda, kuwedzera kwavo kwakanyanyisa kunoonekwa pamusoro penheyo yekusingaperi kwehutachiona nekuputika kwemapapu emapapu. Chikonzero chinonyanya kukosha chechiitiko ichi muco-viscidosis - chirwere umo kukasvikidzika kwepiscous mucus kunotanga kukura kwehutachiona. Chimwe chikonzero chiri chikuru ciliary dyskinesia. Somugumisiro wekushaya simba kwe cilia pamusoro pemasero akavhara bronchi, hutachiona husingaperi hunoitika, sezvo mapapu asina kucheneswa mukati mechiratidzo chemukati. Kazhinji chekutanga ciliary dyskinesia inobatanidza nechepamusoro kwenzvimbo dzenhengo dzomukati, umo chiropa chiri murutivi rworuboshwe rwemuviri, mwoyo uri muhafu yakarurama yemukati, nezvimwewo. Zvirongwa zvekuongororwa zvinosanganisira kuchinja mumhepo yakagadzirwa nemhepo, chimiro chisina kujairika chemunwe uye kukura.
Inhalation yomuviri wekunze
Kuputika kwemamwe masimba kune dzimwe nyika kunowanzoita kuti munhu asaremera kupora, asi dzimwe nguva zviratidzo hazvioneki. Kunyanya pangozi yemamwe mimwe mitumbi inopinda mumugwagwa wekupumha vana vana vemakore ekutanga ehupenyu. Zviratidzo zvinowanzokurumidza kukurumidza. Pa roentgenogram muviri wekunze kune dzimwe nyika kana zviratidzo zvisingaoneki kubva kumativi emapapu emapapu zvinoratidzwa. Zvirwere zvisingaperi zvemuviri wekufuridzira zvinosanganiswa nekukundwa kwemasumbu ehuro nepamhino.
Kuvhiringidzwa kwepamusoro yepamusoro yekufema
Vana vanowanzova nekuwedzera mumatoni uye adenoids, izvo zvinoderera nezera. Mumatambudziko akaoma, mwana angatambura nekushayikwa kweokisijeni usiku, izvo zvinotungamirira kuchinje mumidziyo yeropa yemapapu uye mwoyo kusakundikana. Zviratidzo zvechiitiko ichi zvinogona kunge zvakanyanyisa kufema nekufema mumuromo.
Rhinitis nekuputika kwemasopharynx
Bronchial asthma uye bronchiectasis inowanzofambidzana nekuputika kwemazamu mucous membranes uye sinanas paranasal. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kubudiswa kubva mumhino uye dzimwe nguva chifukidziro pamusana pekuyerera kwemanzi pasi mushure kumashure epa pharynx. Pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti mushonga wemamiriro aya anovandudza mapapu ekushanda.