Compost.
Peat ndechimwe chezvinowanikwa zvakanyanya kumba. Asi zvigaro zvaro zvinoderera gore negore, uye mitengo inowirirana ichikwira. Munyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutsvaga matanho asina mari. Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko nderokushandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa. Somuenzaniso - compost. Substrate yemaruva kubva kumudziyo haagoni kuchinja zvachose peat. Asi izvi hazvidiwi. Ne compost, unogona kuderedza peat filler ne 20%. Uye zvino, panguva imwechete yekudzvora mari, kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu ekukura michero yemaruva.
Mukuwedzera mune mari yekuchengetedza mari, kushandiswa kwe substrate kubva kumuti wemvura kunogadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji kune vagari vemuzhizha uye vadzidzisi veimba dzimba. Semuenzaniso, inobatsira kusunungura tsvina yehupenyu panzvimbo ino nekubatsirwa kwebhizimisi uye zvehupenyu. Komposting pasina mari yakawedzerwa inoita kuti kuwedzerwa uswa, mashizha akawa, kudarika kwemiti yemichero uye michero kucheka muzvimedu uye kuisimudza mune chimiro chinowanikwa kumashure emiti.
Kuwedzerwa komuganhu unobatsira pamakemikari uye mumuviri we substrate yezviyo uye zvigadziro. Iyo nzira yekugadzirira kwayo inobatanidza nebasa revhu rinoshandiswa neaerobic, iyo inokonzera zvakakosha zvinhu zvezvinhu muzvinhu zviri nyore. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakare zvekare zvinotsamira pamamiriro ezvinhu asina kudzikama ezvakatipoteredza, zvakadai sekushisa uye kuvapo kwe okisijeni, saka ivo zvakaoma kudzora.
Kana pasina chikonzero kana chido chekugadzira manyowa, unogona kutenga kugadzirira. Semuenzaniso, manyowa, akawanikwa semugumisiro webasa rehonye, kunyanya ibvuku reCalinian worm. Iyo vermicompost yakawanikwa nerubatsiro rwehonye, kusiyana nemaitiro, inonyanya kugadziriswa uye "inogadzirira" nekukurumidza zvikuru. Boka reasayendisiti paYunivhesiti yeOhio (USA) rakaratidza kuti vermicompost inobatsira chaizvo kukura kwezvirimwa, kunyanya maruva mbeu. Pasi payo simba, biomass inowedzera, unhu hunovandudza. Kuonekwa kwekutengeserana kwemaruva kunochengetwa kunyange mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu. Zvose zvinogadziriswa zvinowanikwa nekuwedzera 10-20% vermicompost kune substrate. Panguva imwecheteyo, pakanga pasina chidimbu chekuzadza maruva kumba uye nemamineral fertilizer.
Ichi chiito chinogona kutsanangurwa nemimwe mishonga inowanikwa nevermicompost. Zvirimwa pa substrate ne vermicompost inovandudza zvakanyanya kupfuura pane substrate isina iyo, asi ine imwechete yezvibereko. Mukuwedzera, mhedzisiro inonyangarika painoita sterilizing vermicompost uye haina kudzorerwa kunyange nekuwedzera kwemamwe mabheti.
Clay.
Clay ipurasitiki sedimentary rock. Ive yakagara yakashandiswa mu potassium-substrate substrates, kunyange iyi isiri iyo yakanyanyisa kunyanya kushandisa. Clay is sticky, it is difficult to equally distribute it in a mixture of substrate. Nokudaro, ivhu rakaoma rinotangira pasi uye rinongobva rakasanganiswa nekunatswa nyemba peat kudzivirira clumping yezvikamu zvayo. Ichi chinhu chinopedzisira chagadzirwa chinoshandiswa mumusanganiswa wevhu kune cyclamen, duku-flowered chrysanthemums, nezvimwewo. Clay anochengetedza mvura zvakanaka uye inowedzera kubata kwayo. Apo 5% chete yevhu yakawedzerwa, mvura inoshandiswa inopetwa kaviri. Asi iyo inobata mvura shoma pane inonamatira peat.
Clay ine mhosho isina kunaka, naizvozvo, neyokugadzira maminera, inosvitsa zvakanaka ions inoshandiswa yeammonium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus. Zvinhu izvi hazvidi kushambidzwa nemvura uye zvinoshandiswa nemiti zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvinodiwa. Asi zvakakosha kufunga kuti mamwe marudzi evhu anodikanwa kuti awane maruva.
Koconut fiber.
Kokoti inogadzirisa zvikuru iyo capillary effect ye substrate yemirasi uye inokwanisa kukwanisa mvura. Kuwedzerwa kwekona koneti kunobatsira kune zvose zvinenge zvakaedzwa maruva zvirimwa. Chokutanga, musiyano wekusimudza kwepamusoro nechezasi ye substrate muhari yemaruva inoderera, iyo inobatsira zvikuru kukura kwemidzi - iyo yakafanana yakagoverwa mukati mehuwandu. Chechipiri, kukura kwemiti kunowedzerwa nekuda kwekuswedera kwepedyo kwemidzi nemhepo ine mvura yakanyorova, kunyange yakaoma-yakaenzana (mukati mekupedzisira iyo yepamusoro yakadzika nokukurumidza, kureva, midzi miduku iri mairi). Chechitatu, pamusana pemafungiro akanaka emukoko, kuomeswa kwepamusoro kunoterera zvishoma. Somugumisiro, zviyero zviri nani zvakagadzirirwa muvhu. Chechina, zviri nyore kudiridza michero yakasiyana-siyana, kunyange kupfuura-yakaoma peat, iyo inobatsira kukura zvakanaka maruva. Nekusakwanisa kudiridza nguva dzose, kokonati yakagadziriswa inowedzera kushandiswa kukura mbeu muvhu rakavhurika, umo mhepo uye zuva zvinokurumidza kusima ivhu.
Kudzivirira kwe substrate kubva pathogenic microorganisms.
Kuregererwa kwekurwiswa kwezvirwere mumaitiro asina simba nekubatsirwa kwekuunza michina mitsva ndiyo nzira itsva mukurima kwemaiti pane michina yakaumbwa, somuenzaniso, pamakushe emvura. Chinodikanwa chinodiwa chekuwanda kwemafloriculture nguva dzose chave ichionekwa sechinhu chisina kunaka. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvirwere zvemukati zvinowanzoitika kunyange kana mamiriro ose ekukura maruva anoonekwa. Semuenzaniso, Pythium nePhytoftora zvakanyatsoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu e hydroponics uye zvakakura kukura pamasiteti asina pasi. Kazhinji ivo vanodzivirirwa nekudzivirira, kupera, asi izvi zvinoshanda chete sekudzivirira chiyero.
Nhasi kunyanya kukuru kunobhadharwa kune microflora inokosha, iyo inoderedza pathogenic microorganisms. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana unogona kutenga kana kurayira mishonga inorwisa zvirwere zvakawanda zvezvirimwa. Uye kusanganiswa kwemakorikari akasiyana-siyana anoshanda zvakanyanya kudarika kushandiswa kwemhando imwe. Uyezve zvakakosha kufunga nezvenzira yekuunza mishonga inodzivirira. Kana iyo pathogen inopinda mumiti yacho kuburikidza nechigadziriso chemuviri, saka hazvina maturo kuita gadziriro ne microflora inobatsira pamusoro pe substrate. Nokudaro, zvisinei kuti mutsara unobatsirei maruva pamusha, unoda kuva neruzivo rwakawedzerwa, kuverenga mabhuku akasiyana-siyana, uye kutaurirana nevarimi vemaruva vane ruzivo kuti vakure maruva ane utano hwakanaka.