Rhesus factor (D-antigen) ipuroteni chaiyo iri pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa (masero matsvuku eropa - masero eropa anounza okisijeni kumatumbu). Vanhu vane proteine iyi iripo pamasero matsvuku eropa, pamwe chete, ndiwo Rh-positive (anenge 85% yevanhu). Kana puroteni iyi isipo, ropa remunhu akadaro rinonzi Rh-negative (10-15% yevanhu). Rhesus ndeyemucheche pamakumbo ekutanga ekudzivirira. Mukati mawo, Rh yakashata haina kuisa chero njodzi kuvanhu. Ichi chinongova chimwe chezviito zvemuviri. Ukunyengera kwake, anokwanisa kuratidza panguva yekuzvitakura kweamai vaR Rh-negative.
Risk boka.
Inosanganisira mummies neRh-negative blood, avo vane varume vanotakura rakanaka Rh factor. Munyaya iyi, mwana wavo anogona kugara nhaka yeRh-positive gene (iyo yakasimba) kubva kuna baba. Uye zvino pangava ne-rhesus-kukakavara, kana kusawirirana neropa pakati peamai uye fetus. Nehu "chibereko" che "amai vasingaiti" vekukonana hakuzombomuka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukakavara kunowanikwa kana mukadzi, somuenzaniso, ini ropa rwerudzi, uye mwana - II kana III. Zvisinei, kusanzwisisana kweboka reropa hakuna ngozi sezvinonzi Rh factor.
Sei kukakavara?
Ngationei kuti nei kune dambudziko rakadaro rekuzvitakura se Rh-conflict? Panguva yekuzvitakura, erythrocytes ine Rh factor ye "positive fetus" inopinda muropa remamai "asina kunaka". Rhesus-chine ropa recheche ndeyomuviri "usina kunaka" wepeneteni (simba antigen). Uye mutumbi wamai vako unotanga kubudisa masero chaiwo-masimba kune Rh factor, zvinoreva kuti muviri wemwana. Hazvikuvadzi kune vakadzi, asi dzinoparadza masero matsvuku eropa emwana asati aberekwa.
Ngozi kumwana!
Kusiyana-siyana - hemolysis ye erythrocytes inotungamirira kukudziridzwa kwehemolytic zvirwere zve fetus, izvozvi zvinotungamirira kukuvadza kweimpso uye uropi, chirwere chemaperembudzi chinokura. Kana masero matsvuku eropa ari kuparadzwa nguva dzose, chiropa uye spleen vanoedza kuzadza nzvimbo yavo uye kuwedzera muhukuru. Zviratidzo zveHemolytic zvirwere zve fetus zvinowedzera muropa uye spleen mariri, iyo inosarudzwa ne ultrasound. Uyewo, kuwanda kwemaamniotic fluid uye iyo yakareba placenta zviratidzo zvehemolytic zvirwere zve fetus. Muchiitiko ichi, mwana anoberekwa ane masero matsvuku eropa, ayo anemia. Mushure mokuberekwa kwechirwere chemaamai muropa remwana, vanoramba kwenguva yakati vachikuvadza. Mwana ane hemolytic anemia uye jaundice. Kune zvitatu zvemakiriniki ehemolytic zvirwere zvevana vanozvarwa:
Jaundice fomu ndiyo inowanzogadziriswa makiriniki. Mwana wacho anowanzoberekwa nenguva, aine muviri wepanyama, asina kubwinya kunoratidzika kweganda. Iko kare pazuva rekutanga kana rechipiri rehupenyu kune jaundice, iri kukura nokukurumidza. Muvara wejena uye vane amniotic fluid uye yekutanga mafuta. Iko kune kuwedzera kwechiropa uye spleen, pane kuvhara kwemaviri.
Maitiro eAnemic ndiyo inonyanya kuipa, inowanikwa mu10-15% yematambudziko uye inoratidzwa nepallor, kusava nenzara, utera, chiropa chakawedzerwa uye spleen, anemia, kuwedzera kwema bilirubin kuwedzera.
Icho chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehemolytic ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Nehutano hwekutanga hwekudzivirira muviri, kusununguka kwepamuviri kunogona kuitika. Kana mimba inogona kuparadzirwa kusvika kumugumo, mwana anoberekwa ane chirwere chakanyanya kuora ropa, hypoxia, zvinetso zvemagetsi, edema yemasukisi uye cardiopulmonary insufficiency.
Kubudirira kwehemolytic chirwere hakusi nguva dzose inotarirwa nehutachiona hwe-isoimmune antibodies (kubva mairi, maitiro ayo) kumama. Kuwedzerwa kwekukura kwemuviri wemucheche kunokosha: chirwere ichi chakakomba mumucheche asati avapo.
Hemolytic chirwere chemucheche asina kukwirirana maererano neAABO system inowedzera zvimwe nyore kupfuura iri muRhesus-kukakavara. Asi nehutachiona hwepamuviri panguva yekuzvitakura, kuwedzerwa kwehutachiona hwechigadziro chinokonzera kunogona kuitika uye ipapo kuumbwa kwemhando dzakanyanya yehemolytic zvirwere zvinogona kuitika.
Mimba yekutanga yakachengeteka
Kana imwe nhamba ye "positive" fetal ropa inopinda mumuviri we "asina kunaka" amai, saka muviri wake chete unotanga kubudisa zvirwere. Pane kukurudzirwa kwemuviri weamai, sekunge "shungu". Uye ichi "kutsamwiswa" nguva imwe neimwe, kureva, nevega nepamuviri, inowedzera. Nokudaro, kakawanda, pamuviri wekutanga ne "positive" fetus ye "nhamo" amai vanoenda zvishoma pasina kukanganisa. Nemubhedha woga woga unotevera, njodzi yekukudziridza Rh-kupikisana yakanyanya kuwedzera. Saka, zvakakosha kutsanangura kumukadzi "asina kunaka" kubvisa pamuviri pamuviri wake unotevera. Zvinoshamisa kuwedzera dambudziko reRhesus-mhirizhonga.
Tinopa kuongorora.
Kunyange zvazvo Rhesus kukakavhiringidza chinhu chakakonzerwa nekuzvitakura, asi sezvatave tatoona, mwana chete ndiye anotambura naro. Nokudaro, kutonga kuoma kwemhirizhonga iyi pamusoro pemamiriro emudzimai ane pamuviri anoshaya njere. Mumazuva anouya mummai anogona kunzwa akanakisisa, ave nechido chakanakisisa uye utano hwakanaka. Kuongorora kunokosha zvikuru munyaya iyi. Apo mukadzi ane pamuviri akanyoreswa mumakirini emukadzi, chinhu chokutanga chaanoita chinosarudza boka reropa uye Rh inopa. Kana zvichizoitika kuti amai vangu mune ramangwana Rh-negative, saka anopiwa kuongorora kwekuvapo kwezvirwere. Kana zvirwere zvisingawanikwi, zvino inofanira kuongorora iyi mwedzi woga woga, nokuda kwekuona kwayo nguva yakakodzera. Kana ma antibodies aripo, ipapo zvirwere zvemuviri wemudzimai akadaro zvinofanira kunge zvichiedzwa. Maererano navo, chiremba anogadzira anti-titel titer, ndiko kuti, kuisa muropa, uye anocherechedza kana kune chido chekuwedzera navo nenguva. Kana iyo anti-titel titer inowedzera, mukadzi ane pamuviri anodzivirirwa kubva kuheemolytic zvirwere zve fetus. Mukadzi wacho akabatwa ne antiresus-gamma-globulin nemimwe mishonga inobatsira kuderedza kuumbwa kwezvirwere.
Amai vane mukaka wakawanda.
Pakupedzisira yakaverengwa kuti mukadzi aive neRh rhesus panguva yekuzvitakura haagoni kunyamwisa mwana wake, nokuti zvirwere zviri mumukaka wake uye zvinowedzera mamiriro e "mwana akanaka". Izvi hazvisi zvakakwana. Zvechokwadi, hazvigoneki kuteterera kwemavhiki maviri mukadzi aine Rh-mhirizhonga uye mwana akaberekwa ane chirwere chehemolytic. Vamwe vose vanaamai, avo vakanga vane zvirwere munguva yekuzvimba, asi mwana akaberekwa ane utano hwakanaka, anogona kudyisa mwana nemukaka wemukaka, asi anotanga kuuraya antiresus gamma globulin.
Tongai pane zvakanakisisa.
Maererano nehuwandu, humwe chete mu8% yemhosva, Rh-negative Amai vanogona kuva neRh-positive mwana. Uye zvakawanda zveRh-zvisina kunaka vanaamai vari kutakura uye kubereka vana vaviri uye vatatu vane utano hwakanaka. Uye 0.9% chete yevakadzi vane pamuviri vanotanga kuwirirana kwepamuviri - Rhesus-mhirizhonga. Saka, usati uzvigadzirisa iwe pachako kune zvinetso, kana ukaona kuti une Rh isina kunaka. Kana iwe uchitevera mazano ose emudzimai wako wegynecologist, tora miedzo panguva, ipapo ingozi yezvinetso muamai veRhesus-negative uye Rh yake-mwana mwana inopera.