Mumatende avo ndeyomutambo wekarotid mukati uye mitsipa yakaoma, inokonzerwa nekufamba kweziso uye kunzwisisana kwechiso. Iyo nhengo yehutu hwepituitary, iyo inonzi moyo inonzi diaphragm, inowanikwa 5 mm pasi pechiratidzo chekuona-kubatana kwemaziso emagetsi anowanikwa mushure maziso ebiso. Iko plandishi gland inoumbwa nelobes matatu, maviri ayo, anterior nepakati, akabatanidzwa kuva adenohypophysis, uye posterior imwe inonzi neurohypophysis. Mulobe imwe neimwe, mamwe mahomoni akavanzwa. Iko plandishi gland uye kukanganisa kwekuita kumwedzi ndiyo musoro wehurukuro.
Mabasa emutambo wepituitary
Kubva kuAdenohypophysis kusvika muropa inopinda mahomoni matanhatu:
• TSH-thyroid-stimulating hormone.
• ACTH - adrenocorticotron hormone.
• A pair of LH / FSH luteinizing hormone / follicle-stimulating hormone.
• STH inokura hormone (kukura hormone).
• Prolactin.
Munzvimbo yakasara yebasa repituitary, iro rine maitiro akasiyana emambroni kubva kune anterior one, mahomoni maviri anogadzirwa:
• ADH - antidiuretic hormone.
• Oxytocin.
Ihwo hutachiona hwehutachiona hwepituitary hunogona kukanganisa kubudiswa kwemumwe kana mahomoni akawanda, ayo mumatambudziko akawanda anotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zviratidzo zvechipatara zvechirwere zvinotenderera pane basa ripi reglande rakaputsika.
Zvinonyanya mabasa eAdenohypophysis hormones:
• TSH inotarisira kuchengetedzwa kwehomoni yekemikari.
• ACTH inodzora basa rezvinyorwa zvezere.
• HH uye FSH kudzora basa rezvipembenene zvepabonde (mazai uye testes).
• STG inodzora kukura.
• Prolactin inokurudzira marangi (chibereko chemukaka) mushure mekusununguka.
Mahomoni eAdenohypophysis anowira muhuwandu hwekuyerera kweropa uye anobata dzimwe nhengo; kudzivirira kwavo kunongororwa zvakananga nehomoni ye hypothalamus uye inhibitory hormones. Kuchengetedzwa kwemakemikari ehurmoni kunodzorwawo nemutemo wezvakaipa zvisingaiti nekuda kwavo uye mahomoni ezvimwe nhengo dzinotungamirirwa nezvazvo.
Izvo zvinonyanya kuitwa mabasa eurohypophysis hormones:
• Oxytocin inodzora zvipembenene zvehutano munguva yebasa uye mukaka munguva yewakabatwa.
• ADH inodzora mvura-electrolyte muyero mumuviri uye inobata itsvo, iyo inokubvumira kutarisa kuwanda kwemuti wakabudiswa. Galactorrhea ndiyo nzira yehutachiona hunokonzerwa nemukaka mumumera mammary, iyo chiratidzo cheprolactin mumakumbo echivande cheplanditi yevakadzi muvakadzi. Chikonzero chinowanzoitika chepituitary kusagadzikana ndiAdenoma - chirwere chinorwara, chinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kana kuderera muhuwandu hwemhomoni. Basa rehutano hwepituitary rinogona kuvhiringidzika semugumisiro wekupindira kwekuvhiya, chirwere chemaawa, uye nekuda kwekuvhiringidza, zvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvinopisa. Zvisinei, kazhinji kacho chikonzero chacho chinonzi adenoma (benign tumor) adenohypophysis. Chirwere ichi chinogona kutungamirira kukurudzirwa kwehuwandu huwandu hwemamwe kana mahomoni akawanda, kana zvinopesana, zvinokonzera kuderera kwekushandiswa kwepachivande nekuda kwekuderera kwebasa reAdenohypophysis (hypopituitarism).
Migumisiro yemakumbo
Mishonga yepituitary gland haifaniri kushandiswa uye inogoverwa kuva microadenomas (10 mm muupfumi kana pasi) kana macroadenomas (kupfuura 10 mm muupamhi). Chirwere ichi chinogona kunge chisingatauriki uye chinogona kuonekwa panguva yekuongororwa kune dzimwe zvirwere kana mushure mekufa kwemurwere. Kazhinji kacho, zvipembenene zveputi zvinosangana nemusoro uye kuparara kwekuona kwechiono, iyo inobatanidza nekupararira kwemarara kune zvivako zvekuona analyzer. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bofu hunogona kuwedzera. Kumhanyira kukura kunogona kukonzera kuora, izvo zvinobatanidzwa nekumanikidza uye kusagadzikana kwemaitiro emakumbo. Kazhinji izvi izvi zvinochinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, kana pane kuora ropa mukati memakumbo ekutuka pachikamu chekutanga chekusimudza, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kukura kwakakosha muhukuru hwayo uye zvine mabuzi akaipa kune maziso. Pamuviri, pituitary gland inowedzera mukukura, uye zviratidzo zvemuviri unogona kuipa.
Kurapa kwemuviri
Zvinangwa zvekurapwa kwemakumbo ekuputi: kubviswa kwemakumbo, kuderedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kune zvivako zvakapoteredza nekugadziriswa kwekusagadzikana kwe endocrine nekuchengetedzwa, kana zvichibvira, kwechimiro chechigarire chechikamu chinosara cheganda repituitary. Kunyange zvazvo zvichikwanisa kudzora kuchengetedza kwemasmoni nemishonga uye izvi zvinoitawo kuti kuderedzwa kwechiremera chekukura, nzira yakakura yekurapa kushanda (kureva, hormone-kubudisa) pituitary adenoma inoshandiswa achishandisa transsphenoidal (kuburikidza nemhino) kusvika uyezve, kana zvichidiwa, kudzivirira kudzokororazve. Kushanda kupindira ndiyo nzira yekusarudza uye mukurapa kwemakumbo asingabatsiri, kunyanya avo vanofambidzana nekumanikidzwa kwechioni chekuona. Chiono kazhinji chinogona kugadziriswa, kunyanya kana kurapwa kuchiitwa pamatanho ekutanga echirwere. Muhupo hwemakumbo makuru, chiremba anovhiya angave achida kumwe kuwana - kuburikidza nehuma kana parietal. Iko kushanda kunonzi "transfrontal craniotomy". Kakawanda kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona uye kurapwa kunoputika kunopfuurira kunopera mubasa rechinosara chechigamba chepituitary. Varwere vakadaro vanofanira kuongororwa nekuda kwehupenyu, gare gare vangada hormone replacement therapy.
Kuongorora zvirwere zvepituitary, vanachiremba vanogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvakurudza:
• Kuongorora ropa. Nekubatsirwa kweropa rekuongorora ropa, iwe unogona kuongorora hutachiona hwemapuroni nemahomoni akavanzwa nemasikirwo emakemikari, ayo anokanganiswa nemahomoni emucherechedzo wepituitary. Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwe ACTH uye STH kunoda kukurudzira, semuenzaniso inulin, kwakakonzera hypoglycemia (shuga yepasi shoma). Kune rumwe rutivi, kana pane kusafungidzirwa kwe hypersecretion ya ACTH kana STH, zvakakodzera kuita mufambiro wokuderedza zvichienderana nemhinduro yemutemo.
• Munda wekuona. Ophthalmologists vanogona kunyatsogadzirisa nzvimbo dzekuwisira kunze kweminda yekuona.
• Mifananidzo. Dzimwe nguva kuchinja kukuru kwechigaro cheTurkey kunogona kuonekwa pa-x-ray yepituitary gland, iyo inoratidza kuvapo kwechirwere.
Magnetic Resonance Tomography. Uchishandisa nzira iyi yekutsvakurudza, unogona kuwana mifananidzo yakajeka yenharaunda iyo gland yepituitary inowanikwa uye inotarisa chiremera chekukura nekukwirira kwakakwana. Mahomoni emucheka wepituitary anoita basa rinokosha mukuraira kwekukura uye kubudirira. Kuwedzerwa kana kushayikwa kwemamwe kana mahomoni akawanda kunogona kutungamirira kukurudzirwa kweimwe zvirwere.
Growth hormone (OT) inotarisirwa kuvana kuti vakure, nekuvakuru - kuchengetedza hutano hwemapfupa, misumbu uye adipose tissue. Kusunungurwa kweHSH kunowanikwa mune zvikamu zvichienderana nemigumisiro yehomoni ye hypothalamus: somatoliberin, inobatsira kusunungurwa kweSH, uye somatostatin, inodzivisa izvi. Iyo STH inosunungurwa kazhinji pazuva; kunyanya kushingaira kunoitika mukurota, uye zvakare pashure pemamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza ehupenyu, sekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa shuga muropa nekunyanya muviri. STG inokonzera zvakananga mutsara (inodzora kupera kwemafuta) uye musuru; asi zvayo zvinopesana neaya ye insulini. Kukura kunokonzera kuitika kwe STH kunopindirana nehomoni inonzi insulin-yakafanana kukura (IGF-1). Iyo yakagadzirwa mumakumbo emakumbo uye chiropa. Kusunungurwa kweSH kunotungamirirwa nehuwandu hweGG-1 inopararira muropa pamusana pemashoko asina kunaka.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly inokura kana kushandiswa kweadenoma yepituitary gland kunovanza kuwandisa kweSHH. Izvi zvinokonzera kukura muhukuru hwezvinyoro zvishoma, uyewo kuwedzera kwehukuru hwemaoko, tsoka, rurimi uye kuwedzera kwemaziso aripo. Mukuwedzera, varwere vane acromegaly vakawedzerwa kutuka, hutachiona hwepamusoro uye misoro