Hazvomboiti zvakare muviri unokura nekukurumidza sekunge mugore rokutanga rehupenyu. Zvakajeka kuti mutoro wakakura zvakadaro, pamwe nekumwe kusagadzikana kwezvemuviri kwemuviri nemaitiro, ndizvo zvinokonzerwa nekushungurudzika kwakanyanya kwechecheche. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muvana vaduku vanoberekwa vasati vatanga. Kusvika iye zvino, mwana asati azvarwa anofungidzirwa kuti akaberekwa kubva pamasvondo makumi maviri nemaviri kusvika kuma37 ekuberekwa uye anoyera zvinenge 500 g. Kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvehutano hwekutanga, humwe hunoratidza humwe hutatu hwemuviri.
Kuonekwa
Mumazuva ehupenyu hwemwana asati asvika, pane zvimwe zvimwe zviyero (musoro wacho wakakura zvakakura maererano nehukuru hwemuviri) uye pane zvinenge zvisingatauri mafuta. Ganda iri rima rakatsvuka uye rakapfava, rakafukidzwa nefuzz light. Icho matsime ari padhehenya azaruka.
Nervous System
Kunyanya kunetseka mupfungwa mukati mehupenyu hwemwana asati asvika pamakumbo europi panguva yekuberekwa kunogona kukonzera kuputika kwemitsipa yeropa, kupera simba kweropa uye kunyange kushaya ropa mukati mehutachi tissue. Uye kunyange mukubudirira kupfuura kuburikidza nekuedzwa kwevana vasati vasvika, kune matambudziko nemagetsi uye mutsindo, mamwe mafungiro, kana kunyange kuyamwa, zvakanyanya kuderedza (kana kusipo). Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chevana vakadaro ndiko kukwanisa kwavo kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza muviri wavo wekushisa. Mwana asati asvika anonyanya kuvharwa uye anonyanya kupisa, sezvo zvakaoma kubudisa kupisa uye pakutanga haagoni kuzvipa nekutuka (jira rinenge risina basa). Zvose izvi zvinotsanangura kukosha kwekuchengetedza kugara kwekushongedza kwakanaka muimba umo mwana achangoberekwa. Vabereki havafaniri kukanganwa kuti kutevedza zvakasimba kutongi yekutonhorera kunofanira kuteverwa kunyange mushure mekubuda kubva kuchipatara.
Kuporesa
Gore rokutanga rehupenyu nguva mwana asati apera anofema kakawanda, uye, zvishoma zvishoma, iye anowanzofema. Imwe dambudziko ndechokushayikwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha mumapupa emapupa (surfactant), izvo zvinogonesa kuvhura kwemapapu zvakasununguka uye kunowedzera "kupisa." Dzimwe nguva nzvimbo dzisina kugadziriswa mapepa emapapu dzinokonzera kuporesa uye dzinoita ruzivo rwakanaka rwekuvandudzwa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira. Zviri nani kuparadzanisa mwana kubva kune vose asi nhengo dzemhuri Kukurukurirana nehuwandu hwevangatakura hutachiona hunowedzera mukana wekutengesa mitsipa.
Mwoyo yematambudziko
Mumazuva ehupenyu hwemucheche asati asvika, pane kazhinji kacho kusimba kwakasiyana-siyana kunokanganisa basa remoyo. Kutanga kuratidza kutyora kwakadaro, vana vose vanowanzotumirwa kunyanzvi yepamusoro (ultrasound of the heart). Mukuwedzera, mwoyo yematambudziko inobata zvakasimba kune chero chipi zvacho chinopinza (chiedza chakajeka, kushamisika kunononoka, kuchinja kamwe kamwe mumhepo yekushisa, etc): kuwedzera kwemwoyo kunowedzera uye kuwedzerwa kweropa kunobuda. Kuti urege kudzikinisa hupenyu husina simba munguva yehupenyu hwemwana asati asvika, tinofanirwa kuedza kudzivirira mwana kubva pazvinhu zvakadaro zvinoshungurudza.
Kugadzirisa chirwere
Gastric juice uye enzyme zvinoumbwa zvishoma, uye naizvozvo, kukwanisa kugadzira zvokudya uye kurwisa mabhakitiriya emagetsi mucheche zvakanyanya. Kuwedzerwa kweiyo kunyange nhamba shoma yezvirwere zvepathogenic mumatumbo emimba muvana vakadaro zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kweDysbacteriosis. Iyo isina simba peristalsis inononoka kufambira mberi kwezvokudya uye kazhinji inokonzera kubuda, kuwedzerwa kwegasi nekugadzirwa kwepachivi colic. Uye zvakadaro, chirwere chekudya chinogutsa basa rayo guru - rinoita uye rinotitendera kuti tiwane mukaka waamai, zvinoita kuti zviitike, munguva yehupenyu hwemwana asati azvarwa, kugamuchira kudya kwakakwana nekuvandudza.
Bone system
Munguva yepamuviri, pfupa rinoumba imwe yekutanga, nokuti kusiyana kwayo bedzi muvana vaduku ndiyo nharaunda yepasi yekuchera mapfupa. Izvi zvinokonzera ngozi yakawedzerwa yezvikwereti. Kunyangwe kushayikwa kwenguva duku uye kwenguva pfupi kwevhitamine D, phosphorus uye calcium kunotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwechirwere. Kuti urege izvi, vana vanorayirwa calcium kugadzirira. Imwe dambudziko rakakosha ndeye dysplasia yemakumbo emucheche emwana. Kukanganisa uku kunoitika kune vana vanozvarwa panguva, asi vana vasati vasvika vane maitiro akawanda. Kana iwe usingafungi dambudziko racho munguva, mune ramangwana zvichange zvichitadzisa kuumbwa kwemashure, kushandiswa. Kuti usabvisa chirwere ichi kana kuti kutanga kurapwa kwevana, vana vanowanzoitwa sangano re ultrasound uye, kana zvikavhiringidzika zvichionekwa, mwana anotumidzwa kuti radiography, iyo inobvumira kutsanangurira mamiriro emapatendi sezvakanyatsoita.
Ndeipi kuenda kumba?
Vacheche vaine uremu hutsika pasi, muhutano hwepakutanga (masvondo 22-28), pakutanga ndivo vanoyamwisa muhurumende yekutanga, vozoendeswa kunoshandiswazve mune zvipatara zvevana, apo vanozoongororwa zvakakwana uye, kana zvichifanira, vanogamuchira kurapwa. Kana chirwere chemucheche chichivandudza, uye kudiwa kwekutarisa kwechiremba nguva dzose kunopera, anotorwawo kumusha kuti atarisire kunze. Asi kunyange kutaridzika kwezviratidzo zvose zvinokosha zvemuviri wemucheche panguva yekubudiswa hazvirevi kuti kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwehutano hwekugadzirisa pfungwa dzevana vasati vasvika. Mumakore mashomanana ekutanga ehupenyu, vacheche vanoberekwa vasati vatanga vari pasi pekucherechedza. Inosanganisira kuongororwa kwenguva nenguva kweweurologist, orthopedist, ophthalmologist nedzimwe nyanzvi. Kutanga kubva muvhiki yechipiri yehupenyu hwemucheche asati asvika, prophylaxis ye rickets inogadzirwa - vitamini D inowedzerwa kuzvokudya, mwana anoenda mukana wekushambadza uye ultraviolet irradiation.
Maitiro atinoita sei
Kana mwana asati atova aine hutano, ipapo kukura kwaro kwenyama kunokurumidza.
Weight
Mumavhiki ekutanga ehupenyu hwomwana asati atanga kuwana uremu pane kushaya simba, asi nemwedzi wechitatu-4 mamiriro ezvinhu akagadziriswa.
Vana vaduku vanotangira nemwedzi wechipiri-3 vanove 2 zvakanyanya kukurira kudarika panguva yekuzvarwa, kwegore gore rimwechete kuyerwa kwemuviri kunowedzera 6-8 nguva.
Mumazuva ehupenyu, vana vasati vasvika vane dhigirii yevheji yekutangira kwakapetwa kaviri uremu hwavo zvishoma gare gare - mwedzi mitatu, uye mugore vanova nguva 4-6 yakaoma.
Kureba
Inowedzerawo nokukurumidza - kwegore vana vanowedzerwa kubva pa27 kusvika ku 38 cm, uye mugore repiri rehupenyu vanotambanudzwa nevanenge 2-3 cm pamwedzi.Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kwevana vaduku vasati vapera pamagumo emwedzi wechi12 weupenyu kunosvika 70-77 ona
Musoro uye chifu zvakafanana
Zvishoma nezvishoma, chiyero chehupamhi hwechidimbu che musoro uye chifuva. Nokudaro, mutsetse wepamusoro wehafu yekutanga yegore inowedzera ne 6-15 cm, muhafu yepiri yegore inenge yakawanda - chete 0.5-1 cm. Mugore rokutanga rehupenyu iyi parameter inowedzera 15-19 cm uye ine 44-46 cm. , kuti mugore rokutanga rehupenyu hupenyu hwemucheche (pamwe nekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa zvekare) inokurumidza kukurumidza kukura, kutarisana nekuputsa uye zvinetso zvakasimuka. Nokudaro, chinhu chinokosha icho vabereki vanofanira kuyeuka kunyange mwana akangoerekana asati azvarwa - pasina mamiriro ezvinhu haafaniri kuva nekutya uye funga kuti mwana wako acharambira "asina kufanana nevamwe vose." Kudzidzisa kusimbisa kwekuita, kumhanya mitambo, kuunganidza muviri uye gymnastics zvichaita zvishoma nezvishoma chinhu chavo uye ichabatsira mwana achangoberekwa asati azvarwa achiita zvakanaka uye asingabvumiri munzira ipi neipi kuvana vanozvarwa panguva.
Inguva yekuunganidza
Kunyatsogadzirisa nzira uye nguva yehupenyu hwevana vasati vasvika vanokurudzira kubatana kukuru kwevabereki mune izvi. Saka, somuenzaniso, zvingava zvakanaka kudzidza ruzivo rwekudzidzira vana kuchikoro. Icho hachimiriri chinhu chipi zvacho chakaoma, chinongororwa ichicherechedza kuti ganda revana vacheche mumwedzi yekutanga rakaonda kwazvo uye rakaoma, uye, naizvozvo, kuvepa kwemafura kunofanira kunge kwakanyoroka sezvinogona.
Pakutanga, zviri nani kuzvigadzirisa kurwisa uye mavhiki mashomanana kuti uende kune dzimwe nzira dzakanyanya.
Nguva yehuyu hunotapirawo zvakare - mumwedzi wokutanga kwete kupfuura maminitsi mashanu.
Kushungurudza kupisa uchishandisa mafuta anonyanya kuchenesa (asina kuchena) anogona kutanga kana pakupera kwomwedzi wokutanga wehupenyu, huchabatsira kuponesa mishonga, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune vana vane hypertonia. Izvozvo zvinoshambadza maitiro sekutengesa, kubvisa, effleurage uye gymnastics dzisingabatsiri (kubvongodza, kuputika kwemaoko nemakumbo, nezvimwewo), zvinokurudzirwa kutanga pasati pfuura kupfuura mwedzi 2-3 mukutanga, kuberekwa nehuwandu hunopfuura 2000 g, uye kwete pasati mwedzi 6 mune vana inorema kudarika 1500 gramu paanenge aberekwa.
Kukura Healthy
Wedzera kushorwa mukati mehupenyu hwemwana asati asvika uye kukurumidza kushandiswa kwayo kunogonawo dzimwe nzira dzakanyanyisa dzekuomesa - mabhati ekumhepo, kushambidza zuva nezuva nekufamba.
Kufamba
Iwe unogona kufamba nemucheche kunyange munguva yechando, kunze kwekuti chikafu chave chakatora mwedzi miviri yekare (uye zvakasati yasvika - mwedzi inenge 4-5), uye kutapisa kwemhepo hakusi kudarika -8-10 C.
Kugeza
Pakuita kushambidza zuva nezuva kwechecheche, zvakakosha kuti upiwe kupisa kwemaidiro emvura - 37 ° C, mumavhiki ekutanga 1-2 mwana anogona kushambidzwa muimba imwe chete (ine moto unowedzera).
Environmental hygiene
Izvi zvinokoshawo munguva yehupenyu hwemwana asati asvika kubva kune huwandu hwehutachiona hwepathogenic uye mabhakitiriya, sezvo masimba ayo ezvirwere anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura thermoregulation. Mukutanga 1-2 mwedzi, edza kuderedza kushamwaridzana nehama neshamwari dzisingararami muimba yako - izvo zvose zvinogona kuwanikwa zveutachiona.
Kuberekwa
Kutanga, kufudza mwana zvakanyanya kakawanda uye muzvikamu zviduku. Iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza kuneta uye haigoni kufanana nevana vese. Dambudziko iri rinogona kugadziriswa nekugara kwenguva refu mucheche pazamu kana kupfupisa kupera kwenguva pfupi pakupa nekudyisa mwana nemukaka wakaratidzwa. Chinhu chinokosha - yeuka: mukaka wemucheche kumwana iye zvino hausi wekudya chete, asiwo chishamiso "mushonga" kubva kune zvakasununguka mupfungwa uye matambudziko epanyama.Shandisai nguva yakareba sezvinobvira kuti muyamwisa mwana.
Nhanganyaya yezvokudya zvakakwana
Anofanira kupfuura pasi pekutarisirwa kweutano. Semitemo, yekutanga zvikafu zvezvokudya zvakakwana zvinoshandiswa zvisati zvamboitika kupfuura kuti mwana achawana 6-7 kg yehutatu hwemuviri uye achadya zvinenge 1000 ml yehuta rwezamu pazuva.
Nekutarisira kwakanaka uye kunyatsotarisirwa kweamai vako vanodikanwa, nokukurumidza matambudziko ose anosangana nehupenyu hwemwana asati asvika achagara mumangariro ako chete.