Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kenza muvana, uye kuti kubvisa sei zvirwere izvi, tsvaga munyaya ye "Incological disease yevana nevechiri kuyaruka."
Pazvikamu zvekutanga, kenza muvana inogona kuzviratidza inenge isinganzwisisiki, inonyanya kuoma kunzwisisa. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kugara uchitarisa kuongororwa kwechiremba kwevana nevechiri kuyaruka. Vabereki vanofanira kuve vakangwarira kutarisa mwana uye vanoteerera kune zviratidzo zvinotyisa zvinogona kuratidza chirwere chacho. Zviratidzo izvi zvinotyisa zvinosanganisira: kushaya simba, kushaya musoro, kushuva kudya, kugara nguva refu yefivha, kuputika mumapfupa, nzvimbo dzisina kujairika, kuvhuvhuta, kuputika, nezvimwewo. Kuongorora chirwere chekenza, kuongorororwa kwemasvundu akaparara kunogadzirwa - somuenzaniso, marrow samples. Kuonekwa komwana kunogona kukuyeuchidza nguva dzose kuti zvakasiyana sei nevamwe. Izvi zvinotungamirira kumudzimai, mwana haadi kuenda kuchikoro. Kutsigirwa kwepfungwa kwakapiwa mwana nemhuri yake kunokosha pane iyi. Kana chirwere ichifungidzirwa, chiremba anotumira murwere kuongororo yeropa, X-ray uye mamwe mimwe miedzo chaiyo.
Zvirwere zvepachikafu
Leukemia (leukemia). Chimwe chezvirwere zvinowanzoitika kune vana nevechiri kuyaruka, izvo zvinokwana 23% yevamwe kanzira. Pakati idzi, zvinenge makumi masere makumi matatu (80%) zvinokonzera acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), iyo inotanga mu bone marrow lymphocytes, iyo inorasikirwa nemafambiro avo ekare nemabasa uye inoshanduka kuva tumarara masero (lymphoblasts). Zvose zvinosarudzwa
Chii chinofanirwa nemwana kuziva nezveurwere hwake?
Iyi nyaya ndiyo nyaya yekukakavadzana kukuru. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira kutsanangurira kumwana izvo zviri kuitika kuitira kuti usadzivisa kusanzwisisika, kubvisa kutya uye kugona kushanda pamwe nekuda. Chero zvazvingava, vabereki ivo pachavo vanofanira kusarudza nguva yakakodzera yekukurukurirana kwakadai, sarudza kuti sei uye sei kutsanangurira mwana, kuongorora kana vachida rubatsiro rwepfungwa kana kutsigirwa, nezvimwewo. Vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu. Panguva ino, zvakaoma kuti mwana anzwisise kuti chirwere chake kana kuongorora chinorevei, saka vabereki vanofanira kumudzikama uye kutsanangura kuti ichi hachisi chirango uye kuti mwana haana kuita chakaipa. Panguva ino, vana nevechiri kuyaruka vane hanya zvikuru nekuparadzana kubva kuvabereki vavo, pamwe nekurwadziwa uye kusagadzikana. Zvakakosha kuti mwana anzwe aine chivimbo uye anochengetedza mafungire akanaka: kumusvibisa nematayini nezvimwe zvinhu zvakatsvuka, edza kuvaka mhepo yakanyanyisa kunyange mudare rechipatara (unogona kuuya nezvimwe zvinhu kubva muimba yekamuri yako), nguva dzose uchitamba naye, kurumbidza nemafambiro akanaka panguva yekuongorora uye kurapwa. Vana vane makore 7-12. Vakatotanga kunzwisisa kuti hutano hwehutano hunoenderana nemishonga, miongorori uye kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvechiremba. Zvishoma nezvishoma vanoziva kuti vanorwara, uye vanonzwisisa zvinokonzera, semuenzaniso, kurasikirwa kwevhudzi. Vabereki uye hama vanofanira kunyatsovimbika kupindura mibvunzo yese yemwana, kuchengeta manzwiro ekuseka, kumufadza, edza kutsvaga kuti mutoro unoregerei kumwana, kumupa misangano nevadzidzi vekirasi, shamwari, hama nehanzvadzi, nezvimwewo.
Vana vanopfuura makore gumi nematanhatu. Vechidiki vari kunyanya kunetseka nezvehukama hwehukama, vanonzwisisa kuti chirwere chinogona kuvadzivisa kurarama nenzira iyo shamwari dzavo dzinogara. Kunzwa sokusafanana nevanhu vose vari muzera iri zvinorwadza zvakanyanya, kudzokera kuchikoro kunogona kusanganiswa nekuzvidya mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo. Mukomana anofanirwa kubatanidzwa mukuita zvisarudzo uye pakutaura nezveurwere hwake, saka kumubvunze kuti ave asina chokwadi, asi panguva imwe chete uremekedze hupenyu hwomwana wechidiki uye kunyange kumusiya oga nachiremba. Mhedzisiro inogona kubatsira kubvisa kurwiswa kwekusatenda mune simba rako. Nezvinangwa zvinoshanda, kwete Hodgkin's lymphoma inogona kuonekwa sechirwere cheukemukari. Hodgkin's disease inowanzoonekwa muvecheche uye inobatanidzwa zvakananga nehutachiona hweEinstein-Barr. Pakati pezvirwere zvose zvepfungwa, huporofita hwehutano hweHodgkin's disease hunodiwa zvikuru.
Kurapa
Nekurapa kenza muvana nevechiri kuyaruka, kunyanya kupindira chirwere, chemotherapy, radiation therapy uye immunotherapy zvinoshandiswa. Imwe nzira yekurapa inowanzoshaya maturo, saka inosanganiswa. Chemotherapy inoshandiswa kwehurongwa nemishonga inobata muviri wose, uye naizvozvo, inokanganisa masero ane utano nemaviri. Izvi zvinotsanangura zvinonyanya kuratidza zviratidzo zve chemotherapy: kusuruvara kwevhudzi, chironda chekuonda, chirwere chekurwara, chirwere chekurwadza, chirwere chekudya, njodzi. Asi yakaipisisa-uye naizvozvo inoda kutarisa pedyo-inoramba ichiita seyakasvibiswa semushushiviriri (kuderera mumasero eropa akaumbwa mumapfupa emapfupa). Nemhaka yaro, maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri anodzikisa nhamba yemasero, kunyanya masero matsvuku eropa uye maplatelets. Nokudaro, panguva yekemotherapy, vana vari kunyanya kunetseka neutachiona. Mukuwedzera, vana vanoda kuwedzerwa ropa kana vane chirwere chekushaya ropa, kana thrombomass, kana pane ngozi yekubuda ropa. Radiation therapy (X-ray therapy) inowanzoshandiswa pamwe nemamwe marudzi ekurapa. Mune kenza yekenza yake inoparadzwa nekutungamirirwa irradiation ine simba.
- Tumhe dzouropi. Zvine bhendi kana zvinopisa, zviratidzo uye kurapwa kunobva kumajeri mavakatangira, uyewo nzvimbo yechipfuva, ukuru hwayo, nguva yemwana, uye hutano hwehutano.
- Neuroblastoma. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana, zvinotangira munhurume unonzwira tsitsi nehutano uye huri mune chikamu chero chipi zvacho pamwe chete nomukakava, mukati mechifuva kana mimba yemimba, asi kazhinji kacho mumutambo wezere. Iyo inomhanyisa pamusana, inoita kuti miviri isakanganise, inokanganisa mabasa ema sphincters.
- Retinoblastoma. Iyi kenza ye retina haina kufanana, asi iyo inokonzera inenge 5% yezviitiko zvehupofu hwehuduku. Inogona kuonekwa musati yava nemakore mashanu, mikana yekudzoka inonyanya kukosha, asi kufungidzira, kurapwa, uye mikana yekudzorera zviratidzo kunotarisa kuti chirwere chakapararira kusvika papi.
- Neuroblastoma (Wilms tumor). Inogona kukanganisa imwe kana kuti dzose dzeputsvo, inowanzoitika kune vana vane makore 2-3. Inokwana anenge 10 muzana yekenza muvana, kazhinji chirwere chacho chinopora.
Pasinei nehuwandu hwehutano, kenza inoramba iine nzvimbo yechipiri mushure mezviitiko muzvinyorwa zvezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekufa kwevana munyika dzakabudirira.
- Osteosarcoma. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika zvemapfupa emapfupa muvana nevechiri kuyaruka. Inowanzowanikwa pamagumo emapfupa akawanda (tibia, femur) uye munharaunda yemabvi.
- Ewing's sarcoma. Yechipiri inonyanyozivikanwa mushure mokunge osteosarcoma inorwarisa tumarara yemapfupa. Kazhinji inobata chikadzi, asi inogona kupararira kune mamwe mapfupa uye kumapapu.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma. Inonyanya kuwanikwa inowanikwa kunze kwemapfupa. Iro inogarisana nemisumbu, iyo inobata 4-8% yekenza muvana.
Mumwe mwana anorwara angangobvunza kuti nei achiwanzoenda kuchipatara, nei achizonzwa akaneta uye kazhinji anotambura nemarwadzo, sei kuedza kwakanyanya uye nezvimwewo. Kuwedzera kuudza vana, kusanyanya kudzvinyirira kwavari uye kunyanya vanobatsira vanachiremba pakurapa. Asi nyaya imwe neimwe yakasiyana, vabereki ivo pachavo vanofanira kusarudza kuti sei uye sei kuti vaudze sei mwana. Iye zvino unoziva kuti ndechipi chekenza yevana nevechiri kuyaruka.