Muviri wemunhu unogona kushanda seimba yakanaka kwazvo yezvipenyu zvakawanda, zvizhinji zvacho zvisingabatsiri zvachose. Zvisinei, mamwe acho anogona kuva nengozi. Kutapukisa nezvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu.
Kuvhara muviri
Zvisikwa zviduku zvikuru zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvirwere zvinowanikwa pasi pe electron microscope. Vanokwanisa kubereka chete mumasero emuviri. Zvadaro zvinotevera mabhakitiriya uye mbiriso fungus - zvinoratidzika zvakakura zvisikwa zvinonzi unicellular, zvinoratidzika kuburikidza ne-optical microscope. Vakuru "vanoparadza" vomuviri wedu vanonzi maharasi. Izwi rinobatanidza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana: kubva kuPlasmodia (iri nyore, iyo inogona kuonekwa chete pasi pema microscope) kune minye, maronda, mite uye nenyuchi, izvo zvakaoma zvipenyu zvakawanda zvinoratidzika kune ziso rakashama. Mazana emarudzi ezvisikwa zvezvipembenene zvinogona kurarama pamuviri wemunhu kana mukati maro. Vazhinji vavo havana matambudziko uye havafanirwi kutarisirwa. Chikamu chikuru chavo chinorarama paganda nemvere kana mumatumbo.
Kuzivikanwa kwezvipembenene
Chidzidzo chezvipembenene zvinosanganisira vadzidzisi-parasitologists. Basa ravo nderokuona chirwere chechirwere chinokonzera chirwere (chinonziwo hutachiona kana kuiswa mukati) uye chinopa kurapa kwakakodzera. Zvipembenene zvakawanda, zvakadai semarite uye fleas, zvakakura zvakakwana uye zvino zvinoonekwa kune ziso rakashama. Izvo hazvisi nyore, asi hazvisi nengozi mavari. Zvisinei, vanogona kutakura zvirwere zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya. Kuziva kweiyo zvakare ibasa reparasitologists. Uyezve, kazhinji chikonzero chega chekukurukurirana kweparasitologist ruzivo nezvezvirwere zvechirwere. Zvipembenene hazvishamisi munyika dzekuMadokero, semamiriro emamiriro ekunze uye vanhu vashomanana vanoita mamiriro asina kunaka ekutapudza kwavo uye kupona. Chikonzero chinonyanya kukosha chokukurukura neparasitology laboratory ndechekuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvisingazwisisiki mushure mokudzoka kubva parwendo. Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuve nekuparuka, fivha uye zvimwe, zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa. Zvipembenene zvakanyanya kunyanya munyika dzine urombo nechinopisa chemamiriro ekunze, kwavari ivo chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzera kukanganisa. Chinonyanya kukonzera fivhiri nekufa muAfrica kunoratidzika kuva marariya; Ankylostomiasis ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera chirwere chemaanera munyika, uye kuora mwoyo kwevanhu vakuru kunowanzowanzokonzerwa ne cysticercosis (chirwere chinokonzerwa nemapuranga emakoteworms anogara muuropi). Zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera chirwere, zvironda zvemapapu, chirwere chetsitsi uye mwoyo - huwandu hwezviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakawanda kwazvo. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvipembenene zvakange zviri chikonzero chinowanzokonzera zvirwere muEurope, asi kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu uye hutano hwehutsanana hwakaderedza huwandu hwehutachiona hwechirwere. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haazomutswizve - somuenzaniso, marariya muEurope yakabviswa chete muma1940. Penguva ipi zvayo, imwe kana zvimwe zvinogona kutyisa zvipembenene zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chinoparadza vazhinji vepasi rose.
Kutsigira kuti ndeupi wehuwandu hwehutachiona hwakakonzera hutachiona, parasitologists vanoshandisa nzira nhatu. Chokutanga ndechokubvunzurudza kwemu murwere.
Nyaya yenyaya
Zvizhinji zvingangove zvirwere zvinokonzera njodzi zvinorarama chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda, saka zvisati zvawedzera kutsvakurudza zvinodiwa kuti uzive chaizvo kuti murwere aigara kupi uye kwaaifamba. Hazvina maturo kutarisa mishonga inopararira chete munharaunda iyo yenyika umo murwere asina kumbove aripo.
Microscopy
Yechipiri nzira yekutsvakurudza inowanikwa masikirasikopu. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kuonekwa neziso rakashama, asi vazhinji vavo vashoma kudarika izvi. Zvisinei, iyo yakakura zvokuti inogona kuonekwa pasi pekroscope. Parasitologists vanoshandisa dhayi dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dzisiyanise sampuli, asi dzakawanda zvipembenene zvinoonekwa pasina. Kana murwere ane chirwere chemahara, parasitologists achaongorora chimiro chechigaro. Kuti varambe vachiita maitiro avo, zvipembenene zvinofanira kuwedzera, naizvozvo kunyange kana ivo pachavo vachigara mukati memhuka yehupenyu, kunyanya kuvapo mazai kuchapa hupo hwavo.
Antibody test
Chitubu chechitatu chinobatsira kuongorora ropa. Muviri unobereka zvirwere zvekudzivirira kudzivirira zvirwere, uye parasitologist vanogona kuona kuvepo kwezvirwere izvi muropa remurwere. Izvi zvinoshanda sechiratidzo chisina kujeka chekuvapo kwechirwere ichi uye zvinokubvumira kuti uwane kunyatsoongorora. Malaria chirwere chinowanikwa munyika yose, kazhinji chinokonzera rufu. Zvipembenene zvinoparadzirwa nekurumwa kwemumonyo. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinofanana nehosha, pasina kusarirwa zvinogona kutungamirira ku coma kana kufa. Nokuda kwekuongororwa, kuongorora ropa kunoitwa. Protozoa zvipenyu zvisina kubatana, izvo zvingakonzera chirwere chemuviri mumunhu. Iro protozoa yakadaro sa lamblia (Giardia) inogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba kune vanhu vane utachiona husina simba, asi zvinogona kuonekwa zviri nyore pasi microscope. Kune mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzehonye dzinogona kuita kuti munhu ave nechirwere chemukati. Vakawanda vavo havana njodzi, asi vamwe vanogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba. Kuziva kunogona kuva kwakaoma, kuziva kuti rudzi rwepathogen runoda kuongorora tsvina. Kunyange zvazvo nyuchi dzakawanda dzinokonzera mhondi, somuenzaniso bandworms, dzinobata chirwere chepamuviri, mamwe mhando inopinda mumuviri mune dzimwe nzira, somuenzaniso kuburikidza neganda. Zvirwere izvi zvinowanikwa kune vafambi, uyewo kune vanhu vane utachiona husina simba.