Chii chinonzi thermoregulation?
Saka, ngatitangei nedzidziso. Nzira yekugadzirisa kutonhora kwemuviri inowanzosimbiswa neshoko rimwe chete rakanaka - thermoregulation. Muhuropi pane nzvimbo yakakosha inotarisira mutemo wekushisa kwemuviri. Masero e-thermoregulatory centre anogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kune mamwe masero ane masero, anonzi thermoreceptors. Thermoreceptors inowanika munenge nhengo dzose uye matukisi, asi akawanda kupfuura ose ari paganda. Munhu thermoregulatory centre is heterogeneous, inoumbwa nemapoka maviri emasero. Zvimwe zvinokonzera kupisa kwekushisa, zvimwe zvinokonzera kutengesa kupisa. Munhu anoshandiswa nehutachiona hunofambidzana nekutengeswa kwemhepo. Uku ndiko kugadzirwa kwekupisa. Kubva pakupisa kunobudiswa, muviri unofanirwa kuiswa - ndiko kupisa kupisa. Sezvo kutonhora kwemuviri wemunhu kuchigadzikana, izvi zvinoreva kuti mune hutano, huwandu hunopisa huchabudiswa, hwakawanda uye hwakarasika. Nokudaro, kupisa kwekushisa uye kupisa kwekushisa zviri mune imwe nyika yehutano hwakagadzikana, uye muhuwandu hwakazara hwevanhu urwu huyero hunoratidzwa nenhamba 36.6 ° C.
Ndeapi kutonhora kunogona kutaridzirwa kwakanaka kumwana?
Iko kutonhora kwemuviri wemwana kwakasiyana neyomunhu mukuru. Mwana akaberekwa ane utano, somuenzaniso, ane chiyero che 0,3 C kupfuura chifukidzo chemuviri chaamai. Pakarepo mushure mokuberekwa, kutonhora kwemuviri kunoderedza ne 1-2 C, asi mushure memaawa 12-24 zvichikwira kusvika 36-37 ° C. Mumazuva matatu ekutanga ehupenyu hazvina kugadzikana uye zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nekunze kwezvinhu (kurara, zvokudya, swaddling, air parameters). Kunyange zvakadaro, huwandu hwekushisa kwekushanduka kwemazuva ano haupfuuri 0,6 CC, uye kune vana vakwegura kupfuura makore matatu inosvika 1 C. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti muvana vari pasi pemakore mashanu muvhareji wekushisa kwemuviri anopfuura wevanhu vakuru ne 0.3 -0.4 C.
Nei kutonhora kwemuviri kunomuka?
Zvikonzero zvekuwedzera kwekushisa zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, nemishonga yakakura yepanyama (kunyatsogadzira mishonga inobereka huwandu hwekupisa kwechinguva chiduku, iyo muviri haugoni kurasa), kana hutambo hunopisa hutachiona hunoputsika (mwana wacho akapfeka zvakanyatsonaka, nzvimbo yacho inotonhora) . Asi kazhinji kacho kutonhora kwemuviri kunomuka, kana chimwe chinhu chinopindira nzvimbo ye thermoregulation. Pasi pe "chimwe chinhu" pane zvakavanzwa zvirogi - zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu zvinokonzera kuwedzera mumuviri wekushisa.Pirogens ndiyo inokonzera kukanganisa kwezvirwere zvakawanda (mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, protozoa, marasisiti). Pakati pehutongi, mapirogi anoratidzika kuisa mamiriro matsva (kwete 36.6 , uye, somuenzaniso, 39 ° C), iyo muviri unotanga kurwisana, kutanga, nokuwedzera kupisa kwekugadzira (nekuita kushandiswa kwemetabolism kana kukonzera kutinhira), uye chechipiri, nekudzikisa kutengesa kupisa (kunogadzirisa kupararira kweropa paganda, kuderedza kushandiswa kwekutsvaira).
Nzira yekuziva sei mwana uyu anorwara, kana kutonhora kwemuviri kuchiwedzerwa?
Kuwedzera kwekushisa pamusoro pekugara kune nguva dzose kunokonzerwa nechimwe chikonzero chaicho. Takatobata pane zvimwe zvacho - kupisa, kutapukisa, kuzvimba, kushungurudzika, kushushikana mupfungwa, kutengesa, uye kushandisa mamwe mishonga, nezvimwewo. Yeuka kuti kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri ndechimwe chezviratidzo, shure kwekuongorora vamwe, chiremba anoita kuti aongororwe. Uye muhuwandu hwezviitiko, zviri pachena:
1. kupisa + diarrhea = utachiona hwehutachiona;
2. kupisa + kurwadziwa munzeve = otitis;
3. kutonhora + nyoka uye kukwepa = zvakanyanya kupemha chirwere chetachiona, kana ARVI (kazhinji chinowanzokonzera fivhiri muvana);
4.Masikirwo + kutengesa uye kuvhara kwemafupa = mazino akachekwa;
5. kupisa + kuputika ne vesicles = chickenpox;
6.Temperatura + inomedza kwazvo, mumutsipa, abscesses = chirwere.
Chinhu chinokosha chandingadi kuita kuti vabereki vako vatarise: zvisinei kuti zvakajeka sei kuti chirwere chinogona kuonekwa sewe iwe, chiremba anofanirwa kupa zita racho kune chirwere chacho, uye ndiye chiremba anofanirwa kuziva kuti izvi zvakaonekwa sei uye zvinonzi zita rinorwara rinorapwa!
Pakushambidzika kwakakwirira, kubudirira kwe phagocytosis kunowedzera. Phagocytosis inyanzvi yemasero ega ega ega - phagocytes - kutora nekucheka michero, zvinyorwa zvekunze, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kunoita kuti kuderedzwa kwechido, kukurudzira kugadzirisa chirongwa chekurwisa zvirwere zvinotapukira.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kunobatsira zvikuru kuderedza motokari. Nzira huru yekuchengetedza simba uye kuitumira kune imwe nzira yakakodzera.
Kushisa kwemuviri kunoudza vabereki pamusoro pehutano hwechirwere, kunobvumira kufungidzira kukwana kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye panguva yakakodzera yekugadzirisa rubatsiro rwezvechiremba.
Kusiyana kwekushisa kwemuviri kune mararamiro akaenzana mune zvirwere zvakawanda uye pane dzimwe nhanho dzechirwere. Zivo yemitambo iyi inobatsira kuongororwa zvakakwana.
Kutonhora kwemuviri ndiyo chiratidzo chinonyanya kukosha kwechirwere ichi uye kubudirira kwehutano. Uye chero zvatinotaura pano, pane zvakawanda zvakashata mukupisa kwepamusoro.
Chii chakashata nekusimudza kutonhora?
Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinenge zvisinganzwisisiki zvinotyisa: zvinotonhora, uye zvinotonhora, zvino iwe unosuruvara, ipapo zino harina kuwanika zino - kazhinji, zvinotsanangurwa pano, vabereki vakawanda ve "charming" fever vaiva nemukana wekuzvionera.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kunoita kuti kurasikirwa kwemvura kushe. Chokutanga, nokuti kufema kunokurumidza, uye, nokudaro, huwandu hwemvura hunorasikirwa hunodification hwemhepo inoputika, uye, chechipiri, nokuti kune chirevo chekutuka. Izvi zvisingawanzodi, zvakanyanya kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura (zvinonziwo mararamiro akarasika) zvinotungamirira kuwedzerwa ropa. Somugumisiro - kutyora ropa kunowanikwa kune nhengo dzakawanda uye masukisi, kuomeswa kubva mucous membrane, kuderera mukubudirira kwemishonga.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kunobata maitiro nemafungiro emwana: kuchema, kunyengera, kunyanya, kusada kupindura kune zvichemo zvevabereki. Zvose izvi, zvakare, zvinokanganisa kubudirira kwehutano: kunyanya mwana ane hutano hunowanzoita kuti anyengetedze kunwa mishonga zviri nyore.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri kunoita kuti kuwedzerwa mumuviri wekuda kwe okisijeni - inenge yega yega yezinga yekushisa pamusoro pezvinodiwa, kudiwa kweokisijeni kunowedzera ne13%.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshungurudza zvirwere zvevana vaduku (kusvika kumakore anenge mashanu) - kutsetseka kwemuviri kunogona kukanganisa makumbo. Mavara akadaro haawanzozivikanwi, ivo vakagamuchira zita rakakosha rokuti "febrile seizures" (kubva muLatin febris - "fever"). Mikana yekubatwa kwepabrile yakanyanya zvikuru kune vana vane zvirwere zvehurongwa hwemagetsi.
Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri wemwana kunetseka kwakanyanya kune vabereki vake. Idzi ruzivo haruna kuzivikanwa nehuwandu hwemhuri yevabereki, saka, kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemwana kunowanzosangana nekutya uye mazwi akawanda nekushandiswa kwemashoko "akadzingwa", "akarasika", "akasara kune hupenyu" ... Kusagadzikana kwekushushikana kwepfungwa kunokonzera kushandiswa kwekuita nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kutadza kushandiswa uye kuwanzova kuedza kutyisa.Hurumende yekutya yaPapa naamai vake, zvichida nokuzvidira kana kusazvipira, inokanganisa zviito zvechiremba anoomanikidza kupa mishonga kwete kunyanya kuderedza t mperatury mutumbi mwana, sei kushomeka nokuchiva.
Ndeipi iyo inofanira kupisa "kurapwa"?
Haisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti munhu wose (munhu mukuru kana mwana - kwete zvisizvo) ane utano hwakasiyana hunochinja mumuviri. Kune vana vanomhanyira, vanomhanyisa uye vanokumbirwa kudya pa39.5 C, uye kune kuchenesa, kureva nhema uye kutambura munzira dzose pa 37.5 S. Mwana anenge akaipa, asi thermometer inoratidza chete 37.5 C. Chii chinonzi thermometer? Kumwana zvakaipa - ngatibatsirei (kureva kushandisa mishonga). Kana fivha inokuvadza zvakanyanya mufambiro wemwana: haafaniri kudya, kana kunwa, kana kuisa ... Regai kuderedza kutsetseka kwomuviri uye tichakurukura.
Zvakare, cherechedza kuti kugadza mushonga wezvinodhaka kunofanira kuva chiremba!
Nzira yekubatsira mwana asina fevha asina mushonga?
Hazvishamisi kuti takatanga hurukuro iyi ne tsanangudzo nekududzira nzira dze thermoregulation. Iye zvino zvakajeka: kuitira kuti kuderedza kutonhora nenzira yechisikigo, zvakakosha kuderedza kushandiswa kwemhepo uye kuwedzera kutengesa kupisa. Heano nzira shomanana dzekuita izvi:
Motokari inowedzera kupisa kwekushisa, apo kuwirirana murugare kuverenga kana kutarisa kwetikodhi kunoderedza kushandiswa kwemhepo zvakakodzera.
Kuchemera-kuchema, hysterics uye mafungiro emagariro ekujekesa hukama hunowedzera kupisa kwekupisa.
Iyo yakawanda yemhepo inotonhorera mune imwe nzvimbo iyo mwana ari pakushambidzika kwemuviri wepamusoro inenge 20 ± 25 C, uye 18 ° C iri nani kupfuura 22 ° C.
Mutumbi unorasikirwa nekupisa kuburikidza nekuumbwa uye kunotevera kubuda kwekutuka, asi kubudirira kwekushandiswa kwehutano hwekushisa hunoita chete kana pane chimwe chinhu chokupika. Hazvishamisi munyaya iyi kuti kuburitsa panguva yakakodzera yemuviri mumuviri ndeimwe yenzira dzinokosha dzekubatsira nekuwedzera kutonhora kwemuviri. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunwa kukuru. Pane kupa mvura kunwa mwana? Ideal - izvo zvinonzi rehydrating agents nokuda kwekunyora komuromo. Mishonga yakadai inotengeswa mumafarmasi (somuenzaniso, Gastrolit, Hydrovit, Glukosolan, Regidrare, Regidron). Iine sodium, potasium, chlorine nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa mumuviri. Poda, piritsi kana kuti granules zvinonatswa nemvura yakabikwa, uye gadziriro yekugadzirira inowanikwa. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvingaita kuti iwe unwe doro kumwana? Tea (yakasvibirira, yakasvibirira, fruity, ine raspberries, lemon kana maapulo akachekwa zvakanaka); compote yemichero yakaomeswa (maapuro, mazambiringa akaoma, apricots akaoma, prunes); decoction mazambiringa akaomeswa (kiyi yepuniki yewawiwi yakaomeswa 200 ml yemvura inopisa mumusi we thermos).
Iva noutano!