Muchiitiko ichi, "chiito" zvinoreva mano akawanikwa muhupenyu hwehupenyu kuronga nekuita maitiro akaenzanirana. Mwana ane cerebral palsy anotarisana nematambudziko mukuita zvaanowanzoita mumutambo wake wemabasa ekufambira mberi - somuenzaniso, kusunga shoelaces, kutasva mabhasikoro kana kunyora tsamba. Tsanangudzo yauchawana munyaya ye "Kuvandudza muviri kwevana vane cerebral palsy".
Iyo nzira yemazuva ano
Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, vana ava vaifungidzirwa sevanhu vasina usimbe, vanononoka uye vanonoka. Izvi zvaiwanzoita kuti kuderedzwa kwechinetso nekushayikwa kwakakwana. Somugumisiro, mwana wacho anogona kukura matambudziko anoverengeka ekuzvibata anokonzerwa nokushungurudzika, nokuti hazvibviri kuita kuti muviri wako uite kufamba kwakakodzera panguva yakakodzera. Parizvino, inofungidzirwa kuti vana ava vane zvimwe zvinetso zvepamusoro-soro basa (nekutadza kwakakwana kana kusarura kwezvisiyaniso kubva mumagetsi emagetsi, musculoskeletal basa kana kuti mafungiro), zvichiita kuti kuderedzwa kwekwanisi kuverenga uye kuita zvinenge zvichiendeswa. Hakuchina kuwirirana pakati pe cerebral palsy uye kupera kwepfungwa.
Morbidity
Maererano nehuwandu hwekufungidzira, kusvika ku10% yevanhu vanobatwa nemhando dzakadzika dzeperesia palsy. Mu2-5%, mamwe maitiro akaoma echirwere anoonekwa. 70% yevarwere ava ndeyevarume vane zvepabonde. Iko kufungidzirwa kuti chinokonzera cerebral palsy ndechokudzivirirwa kwehutachiona hwehurongwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekuremara kwepenital neurologic kana hypoxia (oxygen nzara) yeuropi panguva yekuberekwa. Nzira yekutanga ye fetus inoitika munguva yekutangira nekuda kwemafungiro asingazviiti. Muchiitiko chekukura kwevana, izvi zvinenge zvichinyatsogadziriswa, zvichinyatsojeka, uye zvinotungamirirwa nekuziva, kutonga kwezvimwe. Kuzadza muviri kwakakwana kwemotokari yose inosvika kumagumo ekuyaruka. Sangano rekusununguka kwemafambiro rinotsamira pane zvimwe zvinhu. Mwana wacho anowanzogamuchira ruzivo rwakarurama pamusoro pemamiriro okunze kuburikidza nepfungwa yekubata, basa rezvipfeko zvekugadzirisa uye unyanzvi hwekuona (kufungidzira kwechigaro munzvimbo). Kubudirira kwekugadzirisa ruzivo urwu kunobvumira iwe kuti uverenge uye uite chikwata chinodiwa. Cerebral Palsy inogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvisina kunaka mune chero ipi zvayo kana kuti zvitatu zvinotangira mashoko. Panyaya iyi, kuratidzwa kwehutano hwepfungwa muvana vakasiyana kunogona kusiyanisa: mwana mumwe anoona zvakaoma kukonzera, uye mumwe - kutaura pachena uye zvakajeka mazwi.
Sense nhengo
Mwana ane cerebral palsy kazhinji haagoni kuona zvakakwana uye achishandisa mashoko anotevera:
• Bata - kusakwanisa kuziva chimwe chinhu nemanzwiro anomuka kana iwe uchigunzva (tsananguro);
• zvipfeko zvekugadzirisa - nhengo yekuenzanisira iri mukati mekunze, inogona kupa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekugadzirisa, kufamba, kuenzanisa uye nzvimbo yemuviri uri munzvimbo;
• MaPproprioceptors ane magumo ekupedzisira anowanikwa mumasumbu ose, maitiro uye masangano uye anotumira ruzivo pamusoro pehugaro hwavo mudenga muuropi. Kutaurirana nhengo dzemaonero nekunzwa, dzinopa kuwirirana kwekufamba uye kuchengetedza. Zviratidzo zveperesia palsy zvingave zvakakonzerwa nekushayikwa kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vabereki ndivo vokutanga kuvhundutsa vabereki, vachicherechedza kuti mwana ane zviratidzo zvakananga kana kuti akavhara mune zvimwe zviratidzo zvekuvandudza zvezera rinopindirana. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti mwana akadaro aongororwe panguva yakakodzera nechiremba wevana uye mwana wepfungwa dzepfungwa, zvakanakisisa asati apinda chikoro chesekondari. Izvi hazvizongogadziri kuti kutanga kwekurapa kwekurapa uye kukurudzirwa kweimwe nzira inoshanda iyo chikoro chichakwanisa kushandiswa mukushanda nemwana, asi ichabatsirawo kuderedza kusagadzikana kwevanhu, kushorwa nevamwe uye kuderedza kuzvidzora.
Mafomu e cerebral palsy
Mwana wepfungwa yepfungwa anotungamirira rutsva rwekuedza kwakakosha kuti aongorore chiyero che cerebral palsy, pamwe nekuona maitiro emabasa ezuva nezuva maanoita. Mukutsvaga kwemaitiro ehutachiona palsy akacherechedza muhuduku, zvidzidzo zvina zvinokosha zvinosarudzwa, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehurema hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemotokari (kunyange zvazvo zvikamu zvose zvinowanzobatwa kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana). Mapoka eumhizha anogona kutyorwa muhutachiona palsy anosanganisira:
• unyanzvi hukuru hwemotokari - kutarisa kwemaitiro emumuviri, kubatana kwekufamba uye kuenzanirana kwakakosha kuita maitiro makuru;
• Unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemotokari - hunofanirwa kuita zviduku zvishoma, somuenzaniso kusunga shoelaces;
• unyanzvi hwemashoko - matambudziko mukunyatsonzwisisa mirairo uye kutsanangurwa;
• Unyanzvi hwekutaura - matambudziko mukududzira mazwi.
Zvichienderana nechimiro chechirebral palsy, mwana wepfungwa yepfungwa anogona kutaura mwana kumubvunzurudzo neanyanzvi akakodzera, somuenzaniso, nyanzvi yekuvandudza, mutauri wekutaura kana an ergotherapist.
Kutora kwenguva refu
Kuziva kwenguva pfupi kwezviratidzo zvechiremba palsy mumwana uye kururamiswa kwavo kunokosha zvikuru. Zvisinei, zvakakosha zvakakodzera kuti tisapedza kurapa zvakatemwa panguva yose yekudzidzira, uye, kana zvichibvira, kwenguva yakareba. Chimwe chezvizvi ndechokuti sezvo iwe uchikura, unoda kuziva unyanzvi huri hwakaoma hunoda hupamhi hwekubatanidza kufamba. Mukuwedzera, pane kazhinji kazhinji kacho yekudzorera zvinetso zvekare uye kubuda kwevatsva munguva uye shure kwekuzotevera kuruka mukukura. Cerebral Palsy inogona kuzviratidza pane zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu uye hutsinye hwaro:
• kutadza kushambadzira, kukanganisa;
• Kutadzisa kufungisisa - mwana anogona kukurumidza kukanganwa zvaanenge achangonzwa;
• kusagadzikana;
• Kunetseka muzvokudya - mwana anotakura sipuni kana kuti fosheni muchikanda;
• kusafarira kuratidzwa nekuvaraidza;
• kusakwanisa kubata bhora kana kukakunda;
• Kusina kufarira mumitambo nevamwe vana;
• Kusakwanisa kusvetuka pane imwechete kana makumbo maviri kana kusvetuka pamusoro pechipingamupinyi;
• mucheche - kusakwanisa kukwakuka (mwana anofamba, achisvetuka mudumbu);
• Mwana anonyengera, anowanzorasikirwa nezvinhu zvake;
• Mwana anosunga zvipfeko kwenguva yakareba, haazivi kusunga zvipfeko kana bhatani kumusoro.
• Anogara achingovhiringidza kuita zvinhu, anoputsa zvinhu.
Nokuda kwekusarudzwa kwehutano hwakanaka kunofanirwa kujekesa maitiro ekudarika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mimwe miedzo yakakosha inoshandiswa kuongoredza hutano hwemwana. Pamberi pemuedzo, mutarisiri achakumbira vabereki kuti vauye mubvunzo wekunyora unoratidza ruzivo pamusoro pehupenyu hwemhuri, kuvapo kwehama nehanzvadzi, zvirwere zvinotakurwa nemucheche, unyanzvi hwake hwekudzidza uye unhu hwechikoro, ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu, ushamwari, zvido uye kutya.
Kuongorora kwekukura kwevana
Kuedzwa kunotora nguva inenge yeawa uye kunoitwa mumwe-ne-mumwe nemwana, pasina vabereki. Kubva pane mashoko ari mubhuku remibvunzo uye nemigumisiro yekuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, mushandi wezvekugadzirisa mararamiro anoita sarudzo pamusoro pehuwandu hwekuvandudza muviri.
Nzira dzekuvandudza
Kubudirira kwehumwe hutano hwevana hunowanikwa munharaunda yakafanana uye panguva inenge yakafanana. Kushandura pakuziva unyanzvi hunotevera kunobva pane imwe nzvimbo pakuziva zvataimboita. Semuenzaniso, kufamba kwekutanga kwemucheche kunotamba kubva pamimba kusvika kumashure uye kumashure; imwe nguva gare gare anotanga kugara, achikamba, zvino-akasimuka pamabvi ake, pakupedzisira, mira. Kudzidza kumira, anotora matanho ekutanga. Kukwanisa kufamba kunopa kukurudzira kukura kweunyanzvi hutsva - mwana anodzidza kumhanya, svetuka pamakumbo maviri kana maviri, tumira zvipingamupinyi. Mune nzira yekuvandudza unyanzvi uhwu, mwana anozadzikisa zvakakwana kutenderera kwemakumbo, izvo zvinoita kuti awane unyanzvi hunooma - semuenzaniso, kutura nekubata zvinhu, kutora nemakrayoni kana kudya chipuni. Kukundikana "kubuda" chero zvikamu zvekukura kwepanyama zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa kunonetsa kuoma uye kubatanidza unyanzvi hwakaoma hunoita chikamu chinokosha chokukura. Ndiko kusaka kuonekwa kwenguva yakakodzera kwechiremba palsy kwakakosha zvikuru. Chiremba-rehabilitologist anotakura mutsara wezviedzo, zvichibvumira kuenzanisa:
• hurumende yehutachiona - vana vane cerebral palsy vanoita zvakashata nekushanda kwemamwe mafambiro, izvo zvinowanzotungamirira kusakwana kwemaviri uye kutadza kwavo. Iko kushandiswa kunoshandisa musero simba simba; Kunyatsoteerera kunobhadharwa kumamiriro emasumbu epafudzi uye nepirvin girdle, pamwe chete ne tonic (postural) misumbu. Kufambira mberi kwakaitwa nemisungo iyi inoumba hwaro hwezvimwe zvose zvinofamba, somuenzaniso, kuenzanisa panguva yekuchengetedza;
• maitiro akabatana - mune vamwe vana vane cerebral palsy, majoi "anosunungurwa" -kuwandisa kwakanyanya kwekufamba, izvo zvinoita kuti kuderedzwa kwekutonga pamusoro pavo. Izvi zvinopesana nokuputsa kwekwanisi kuita zviito zvakarurama, somuenzaniso, nekunyora;
• Kuenzanisa - mutarisiri anoongorora kukwanisa kwomwana kuchengetedza hutano apo basa remotokari rakakodzera kusvika pazera rake rinosangana (somuenzaniso, kuenzanirana pane rimwe gumbo kana kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma pane bhenekini yezvidziviriro zvegymnastic). Kune huwandu hwakawanda hunobatsira mwana kuti arambe achienzanisa (somuenzaniso, kuisa maoko ake);
• Kugadziriswa kwekufamba-mimwe mitambo yemabhora inoshandiswa kuongorora kuonekwa kwekuona kwekufamba kwemaoko nemakumbo. Muvana vaduku, vanogona kuchinjwa nokutamba kuti vaise zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mumaburi akakodzera muhukuru uye chimiro;
• Basa rekukurukurirana pakati pevamwe - vana vazhinji vane cerebral palsy "vanodarika" danho rekukamba, vachifamba nekusvetera pamimba. Zvisinei, kutengesa kunoita kuti kukwanisa kwouropi kuwedzere ruzivo kubva kune rumwe rutivi kusvika kune rumwe, runoita basa rinokosha, somuenzaniso, mumasangano akabatanidzwa nemaoko ose kana tsoka. Kukwanisa kuita zviito zvakadaro kunokosha kune marudzi akawanda ekuita basa. Murairidzi wekare anoongorora hupenyu hwekufamba kwemaoko maererano nechepakati pemuviri kana "kutora" mifananidzo mumhepo;
• Unyanzvi hwokuteerera mirayiridzo - chiremba anoongorora kukwanisa kwomwana kunzwisisa nekuita mirairo iri nyore (inobvunzwa kana kutsanangurira zvimwe kana kuratidzwa kwezviito zvichidiwa).
Kusarudzwa kwenzira dzekugadzirisa muviri kunobva pane zvinodiwa nemwana. Kurapa kunobva mukurovedza uye mitambo, kumusunungura kushandisa zvakakwana simba rake remuviri. Kudzidzisa kwakadaro ndiyo nheyo yebasa rakasiyana-siyana nemwana, kana zvichidikanwa, kusanganisira rubatsiro rweanorgotherapist, mutauriri wekutaura, rubatsiro kubva kuvabereki, vadzidzisi nevashandi vehutano. Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekuwedzera kuzviremekedza kwechirwere chiduku kuburikidza nekuita mabasa mashoma usati waenderera mberi uchiita unyanzvi hwakaoma kunzwisisa. Iyi nzira inobva pakufungidzira kuti kuita basa rinoita muviri kunowedzera basa remaitiro aripo muuropi uye nekuumbwa kwezvitsva. Kazhinji mwana anoshanyira mukamuri rekugadzirisa muviri 1-2 nguva pavhiki kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Panguva imwecheteyo, anofanirwa kudzidza zuva nezuva purogiramu yakakurudzirwa kumba. Makirasi anoenderera mberi mushure mokunge apedza kushanyirwa kune nyanzvi yekuvandudza. Kudzora kubudirira kwomwana ndiro mutoro wevabereki. Kana mamiriro acho akaipisisa kana mhinduro isingakwanisi, nzira itsva yekurapa inorapwa inokurudzirwa.
General nzira yekurapa
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzedzidzo dzedzira dzinoshandiswa mukurapa kweperesia palsy.
• Kushambira
Kushambira kunokurudzirwa kune vose vana vane cerebral palsy. Inobatsira kusimbisa musimba. Movement mumvura inonoka, iyo inopa mwana nguva yekuverenga zviito. Kukwanisa kuramba uchienzanisa mumvura hakusi kukosha, saka anogona kuita zvinhu zvezera-kune-peer, izvo zvinowedzera kuzvikudza kwake.
• Kuvandudzwa kwepasi
Mushure mokuziva unyanzvi hunotevera hurasi hunoiswa pakuzadzisa zvinotevera. Semuenzaniso, pakutanga mwana anodzidza kuputika pamatare akapararira pasi, ezvo--muka kubva kumucheto muduku, wozoputika nebhora guru, zvino-fambisa maoko muchigadziko chepamusoro pamimba. Zvadaro mwana anodzidza kugara akadzikama, nekutsigirwa kwetsoka dzake pabhenji, somuenzaniso, kutora (nekuwedzera kuwedzera munguva yekirasi).
• Kurovedzwa kwebasa rekubatana kwemazwi
Kunyanya kukoshesa kunobhadharwa pakuvandudza mabasa ekubatana kwemazwi. Kuitwa kweboka iri kunosanganisira kukambaira kuburikidza nepombi, kuputsa napasvingo rweSweden nekuputika kwemaoko, chiito icho mwana anotamira pamativi ose mana, achipfutidzira bhodhi yebhenyi iri kufamba pamberi pake, achifamba achinyatsosimudza zvisiri nemaoko nemakumbo.
• Kuenzanisa kudzidzisa
Sezvo basa rekushandurana kwema-interhemispheric richivandudza, vanoenderera mberi kuzoshanda pakubatanidzwa kwekufamba uye kuenzanisa. Tanga nekuedza kumira mumamiriro akamira pamakumbo maviri pane "kubhururuka bhokisi" nechepamusoro-soro, ipapo-pane rimwe gumbo. Mushure meizvi, enda kunonoka kufamba.
Kugadziriswa kwezvinetso zvemotokari zvinosangana ne cerebral palsy zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwekudzidzira kwakakosha. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirongwa chehutachiona chinogadzirirwa mwana mumwe nomumwe. Kudzidzira kuenzanisa, kuwirirana kwemafambiro uye kutaridzika munzvimbo inotarirwa kunyanya kuvandudza unyanzvi hwose hwemotokari. Nzira dze ergotherapy dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvinetso zviduku zvemotokari. Nzira dzekurapa kwehutachiona hweperesi ndeye
• Kuenzanisa maitiro - kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma pane bhenekeri yakadzika gymnastic; kuenzanisa kune rimwe gumbo pane "kubhururuka bhodhi"; kubata bhora kana zvigunwe zvidhinha zvakazara nemapulazi epurasitiki, zvimire pane "kubhururuka"; rwonzi rwonzi; kutamba mu "makirasi" kana kuti leapfrog;
• kushandisa maitiro ekubatanidza kushambadzira - kunyoresa netambo yokudarika; "Kuratidza zvitsvene" mumhepo nemaoko ako; anobata mu "nzvimbo yeTurkey"; kukwaya; kurovedza "bhiribarrow" (kufamba nemaoko nesitsigiro yemakumbo); kushambira; kutamba nebhola uye raketi; kutamba mu "makirasi" kana mu leapfrog; kudumbuka "nyeredzi";
• Kutaurirana kunoitwa munzvimbo - kushandisa "tunnels", kutamba nebhora guru pamate; kubata mabhora ehukuru hwakasiyana kana bhora neminzwa;
• kudzidzira kwekuvandudzirwa kwemhando dzakanaka dzemotokari - kuunganidza kwetimbodo; mosaic; mutambo we "fleas". Iye zvino unoziva kuti kugadziriswa kwepanyama kwevana vane cerebral palsy ndechei.