Mhuri Freesia kubva kumhuri yeIris. Iri jenisi rinosanganisira 6 marudzi. Africa inonzi inzvimbo yekuberekwa yemiti iyi. Freesia ndeyemiti inotapira. Iyo yakareba uye yakaoma mashizha emuvara wakajeka. Maruva emuti uyu unenge wakaita mutsara, ane mavara akasiyana, anogona kuva machena, bhuruu, kamuri, machena, ruvara rwepepuru. Maruva anokura mumapoka, ane inonhuwira yakasimba, inowanikwa-imwe chete pa branched, yakave yakagadzirwa. Muzvisikwa kune mafomu maviri uye nyore.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze freesia dzinofungidzirwa - hybrid freesia uye inoshandurwa freesia. Miriza freesia inobva pane nguva yekudyara corms. Kazhinji freesia yakasimwa kuitira kuti nenguva dzezororo dzechando inotanga kukura.
Freesia: kutarisira
Chimiro chekusununguka uye kutarisirwa hachidi unyanzvi hunokosha, saka kana hukura, hapafanirwa kuva nematambudziko akasiyana. Freesia inoda chiedza chakajeka, chinogona kukura pasi pezuva rakananga, asi neine mhepo yakanaka, zvisati zvadaro mbeu ichapiswa. Nokuti kukura kwefesiaia, kumaodzanyemba, kumavirira nekumabvazuva madizha ichasangana. Kubvira pakati pezuva masikati, kunyanya kunopisa kwezhizha, chimiro chiri nani kuti pritenyat. Pamuodzanyemba hwindo, freesia achaona kusakosha kwechiedza, izvo zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvakasvibirira. Mumwaka wechando-munguva yechando musimi unoda kuwedzera kujekesa nemagetsi machena kana masikati.
Zviri nani kuti urege kukura zvirimwa zvishoma pasi pezuva, asi kuti uite chiedza chakajeka. Usaisa pachena muchero mushure mekunge watenga muzuva, ita izvi hazvifanirwo zvakare mushure memazuva mazhinji emakore ekunze, kana zvisati zvasara muti uchapiswa.
Mumazuva ekukura, muti we freesia unofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakaoma, inotonhorera, iyo inotonhorera, umo kutonhora kwave pedyo ne16-18 degrees. Nehupamhi hwekushisa hurumende yehuwandu, freesia anofanira kunge ane ruzivo rwemhepo yakachena.
Kana mbeu yacho ichichengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera panguva yekukura, iyo yekudiridza inofanira kuva yakaderera, sezvo nzvimbo yakasara yenyika ichaoma. Nokudiridza, kunonyorera, mvura yakasvibiswa inotorwa. Pachando chepamusoro chezvakakanganiswa (anenge 22-25 o ) zvakakosha kuwedzera kudiridza, zvisinei, nzvimbo yakakwirira inofanira kuramba ichioma.
Panguva yekusimudza kwekorms, kuitira kuti usashamise muti wacho, unofanirwa kuinwisa zvakanyatsonaka. Munguva yekuzorora nguva, korms inenge iri muhari kana mu peat haifaniri kunwisa.
Freesia muimba inotonhorera inogona kutakura mhepo yakaoma. Kana mamiriro okunze ari kupisa, muti unoda kusaswa nemvura yekutanga mangwanani-ngwanani, uye mvura inofanira kuva yakanyorova. Kupera zvinopera zuva nezuva.
Pangosvika buds kuonekwa, simiti inofanira kudyiwa kamwe chete mazuva manomwe nemamineral fertilizer. Iwe unofanirwa kufudza kusvikira mashizha ose aoma pamiti. Munguva ye budding, unofadza kufudza manyowa nemafuta akawanda phosphorus. Munguva yekukura kwemashizha, uye zvakare mushure mokunge mbeu yacho yapera, zvakakosha kudyisa fereza, iyo inosanganisira yakawanda ye potassium uye nitrogen.
Stems freesia inofanira kusungirirwa sezvavanenge vachikura, nokuti kusvibiswa kunogona kukonzera kushanduka kwemaruva, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kusakwana kwakakwana kwemaruva. Munguva yekutumbuka maruva emuti wacho haagoni kuramba ari munzvimbo yakasvibiswa pasina rutsigiro. Blossoms freesia anenge mazuva 15-20. Vakura mienzaniso inosvibira yakawanda kupfuura mbeu. Kuti ugare uine maruva ehuresias, inokurudzirwa kushandisa zvirimwa zvakadzokororwa kwemakumi maviri emakumi maviri. Sezvo mbeu yacho yapera, maruva emaruva anotemwa, mushure mokunge mvura yakasimwa inofanira kuenderera kune mamwe mavhiki 5-6, kusvikira magadzirirwo matsva akaumbwa. Mushure mokudaro, kudiridza kunofanira kunge kwakaderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvikira mashizha aparara zvachose. Zvadaro makorms anovezwa uye akaiswa munzvimbo inotonhorera, munzvimbo yeoma yekusachengetwa kusvikira nguva yechando inotevera. Icho kutonhora kwezviri mukati hazvifaniri kudarika 6-8 degrees. Corms inogona kudyarwa pakarepo muhari uye mune ramangwana kusvikira mapfundo acho aumbwa munzvimbo inotonhorera. Mushure mokunge kubuda kwebhurs freesia kunogona kuendeswa kuhwindo. Zvimwe kupisa kwehupenyu zvinofanira kunge zvichange zvakaita 12-16 degrees.
Kuberekwa kwemiti
Freesia chimiro chinogona kukura kwete kwete chete kubva kuorms, asiwo kubva kumbeu.
Mbeu inokurudzirwa kuti idyarwa sezvinodiwa, apo iwe unogona kuwana mazamu akanaka. Usati wadyara mbeu zviri nani kukura, sezvo mbeu inodyarwa mumakumi maviri emakore. Nyika inosanganiswa yekudyara inofanira kunge ine jecha uye pasi pasi. Uye iwe unogona kutora substrate yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa nemashizha ebhuruu uye jecha. Girasi yakagadzirirwa inofanira kudirirwa kutanga, uye ingozodyara mbeu. Kudyara mbeu inofanira kuvharwa nechepete yakatsetseka (2 mm) yekusanganiswa kwembeu. Mushure mokunge mbeu dzacho dzichikura kusvika ku 2-3 masentimita, dzinofanira kuderedzwa, mbeu gumi dzinofanira kugara muhari. Kana mbeu idyarwa pamagumo echinyakare, the freesia yakakura nenzira iyi ichatumbuka kusvika pakuguma kwechando.
Corms inogona kudyarwa mukati megore kana mukati mezhizha (izvi zvose zvinoenderana apo unoda kuwana chicly maruva freesias). Plant corms inofanira kuva zvidimbu 5 muvhareji yepamusoro. Vasati vadyara, vamwe varimi vanokurudzira pamusoro pevhiki mbiri kuti vadzivirire corms muimba nekunaya kwema 28-30 degrees. Kuti uwane maruva akaoma zviri nani kutora mababu makuru. Pasi pehari inofanira kunge yakasvibiswa nejecha, shards, marara, kusanganiswa kwakagadzirwa nemiti yakakura kana musanganiswa unosvika 13 sejecha uye munda wevhu (1 chikamu) yakasanganiswa nemarara inodururwa pamusoro.
Corms inodyarwa kusvika pakadzika anenge 3 cm muvhu rakaoma. Shure kwaizvozvo, iyo inofanira kuiswa munzvimbo ine nzvimbo yakanyanyisa, iyo inofanira kuva isina kunwa kusvikira mashizha akaumbwa. Kana mashizha paanotanga kukura, unotanga kutanga kunwisa nemvura yakadzikama, inonyorera. Kana buds nemaruva zvichionekwa, kunwa kunowedzera.
Kukuvadza: hove uye spider mite.