Dosage mafomu
Sezvo chirwere chiri chirwere chemhepo, kuputika inzira ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuendesa mishonga panzvimbo. Kune mishonga yakawanda yemishonga inoshandiswa kugadzirisa chirwere cheputi, asi zvisinei kunyange maitiro ekudzivirira mafomu anoumba chikonzero cherapi. Nzira inonyanya kuyananisira inofungidzirwa kuva mushonga, zvichibva pakugoverwa kwemurwere kune imwe nzvimbo maererano nekuwedzera kana kuderera kwekukura kwechirwere chechirwere uye kusarudzwa kwerapa yakakodzera. Mhando yemishonga yemishonga uye nzira dzekushandisa kwavo dzinosanganisira:
■ bronchodilator (bronchodilator) -kukumbira;
∎ bronchodilator pamwe chete nekugadzirira chiedza kudzivirira kutwiswa (cromoglycate sodium kana mukana muduku wemishonga inonzi steroid); Mu bronchodilator pamwe chete nekugadzirira chiedza kwekudzivirira kwekugumburwa uye bonchodilator kwenguva refu; bronchodilator pamwe chete nechirwere chakakwirira chechirwere chekudzivirira kukanganisa uye nguva refu inoshanda bronchodilator. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana-siyana, chinangwa chaicho ndechekuita kuti hurumende iendese mishonga panzvimbo yezvaiitwa mumhepo.
Kusarura mukati
Apo iner-dose inhaler inoshandiswa, imwe chiitiko chechirwere chinopinda mumuviri nenzira yeaerosol. Kukanganisa kukuru kwemuitiro iwoyo kunokonzerwa nemishonga iri pamutsipa wehuro uye kunetseka kwekugadzirisa kuputika nekugadziriswa kweiyo inhaler. Nekubatsirwa kwemajini inereder and in spacer attached to it, mishonga inoendeswa kune imwe kamuri inokosha iyo inogadziriswa kuburikidza nemuromo nevhavha, uye mune zvigadziri zvevana vaduku - kuburikidza nechitarisiko chechifukidziro chemaziso. Nokudaro, dambudziko rekubatana kwekufuridzirwa uye kuora mwoyo kunogadziriswa, izvo zvinogadzira nzira iyi yekushandisa zvinodhaka zviri nyore mukushanda uye kubudirira. Kunewo pfupa inhaler iyo inopa kunyatsogadzirisa kwechirwere ichi kuburikidza ne mucous membrane yemugumisiro wekupumha. Izvo zvinotarisirwa kushandiswa nevana vechikoro-vezera uye vezera rezera.
Nebulizer
Nebulizers inoshandura mushonga wemvura muyerosi pasi pesimba remhepo yakamanikidzwa kana oxygen yakachena. Vanokwanisa kubata uye vanofanirwa, kutanga kune dzose, kune hurongwa hwekukurumidzira kwekuwedzera kwehupenzi hwechirwere muchipatara uye hofisi yehutano. Mukushungurudzika kwakanyanya kwema-asthma, kuvharwa kwemajoka emakwenzi ehurumende kunobatsira kuwedzera mhepo. Kazhinji kacho, aminophylline inoshandiswa mumatambudziko aya, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzidzo dzinokurudzira kushandisa salbutamol. Kana mamiriro omurwere ane chirwere chakakomba chechirwere chisingavandudzi, pasinei nehutachiona hukuru, kuputika kwemajini kunogona kudiwa. Mune varwere vane zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakanyanya kudikanwa kusabvisa pneumothorax (kuparara kwemapapu nekuda kweinress yemhepo mumumvuri wechuri) nekuita chifukidzo che X-ray. Varwere vaduku vane upenyu hunopisa upenyu hunofanirwa kurapwa kunoda kurapwa muimba huru yekuchengetedza vana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inoshandiswa kurapa chirwere chemafi. Bronchodilators vanopa zororo pamusana pokuzorodza mishonga inotapira, nzira yokufema; Corticosteroids inodzivisa kugumburwa, kudzivisa kupisa. Munguva yekurwisana kwechibhakera, kusangana kukuru kunowanikwa pamasero emasero. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha mukusimudzirwa kwechirwere chinotambidzwa nechimwe rudzi rwe leukocytes - T-lymphocytes. Kukurudzirwa kwemasero aya kunotungamirira kusunungurwa kwemapuroteni chaiwo - ma cytokines, anoshandisa mamwe masero, kunyanya eosinophils. Iyi nzira ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuendesa kwekufamba kwemhepo muhutachiona. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemasero emasero, zvichiita kuti kusunungurwa kwemakemikari akadai se histamine, izvo zvinokonzera kuvhiringidza kwebhuku rekupumha.
Kurasikirwa kwemafudzi akachena ebronchi
Kupindirana kwemisungo inotapira yemugumisiro wekupemha kunotungamirirwa nemamapurisa pamakumbo emasero emisimba; iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeye (52-adrenergic uye acetylcholine receptors). Kukurudzira (kwezvinogamuchirwa kunotungamirira kumusungo wekuzorora, asi iyo inogadzirisa acetylcholine receptors inokonzera kuderedza.) Zvinodhaka zvinokonzera (32-receptors (p2-agonists) kana kudzivirira acetylcholine receptors (avo vanopikisa acetylcholine), vanove nekunakidza pamusana wemisumbu yemugumisiro wekupumha, nokudaro kubvisa zviratidzo zvehutema.Unyanya kukosha mukurapwa kwechirwere chinonzi bronchial vane (32-agonists, somuenzaniso, salbutamol.
Kubvisa kwekuvhiringidza nzira
Kuti agadzirise dambudziko rekurwiswa kwechirwere, hazvikwanisi kungozorora mitsipa yakashata yebronchi, sezvo inonzi airway lumen icharamba ichitsemuka nekuda kwekuputika kwemukati membrane. Corticosteroids inoshandiswa yakasiyana-siyana maitiro emagetsi anobatanidzwa muhutema, zvichikonzera kubviswa kwezvokuvhiringidza kupindura. Iyi mishonga inobatsira kudzivirira, uye kwete kubvisa kugumburwa, iyo inowedzera mumaawa mashomanana, uye naizvozvo inofanira kutorwa nguva dzose, pasinei nezviratidzo. Hazvikwanisi kunyatsotaura zvakajeka kuti kuchengetedza kwakasimba kwehurumende yakakodzera kunogona kudzivirira kufambiswa kweAhma muvanhu vakagadziriswa. Zvisinei, zvinoita kuti kuderedza zviratidzo zvekare zvakatangira chirwere, kana tikakwanisa kugadzirisa zvinotevera zvezvakatipoteredza.
Home guruva
Mitikiti inogara muvhu guruva hapana mubvunzo kuti inonyanya kukosha inokonzera kutanga kwezviratidzo mune vana vakawanda. Ichokwadi, zvakaoma chaizvo kuderedza guru rakawanda risina kuvhiringidzika, zvisinei, mhuri inonzi asthmatic inokurudzirwa kubvisa makapeti uye zvidhori zvinonyorera kubva mumba, uyewo kugadzira kunatswa kwezuva nezuva.
Passive smoking
Muutsi hwefodya muhupamhi hwepamusoro mune makemikari anotsamwisa nzira yekufema. Tsvakurudzo yezvesayenzi inoratidza kubatana kwekusvuta kwevabereki uye kuwedzerwa kwemaitiro ekudengenyeka kwevana muvana vavo.
Zvipfuwo zvinobvumirwa
Vamwe vana vane astmma vanonyanya kufunga nezvezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemhuka dzinowanikwa, kunyanya mukati nembwa. Zvisinei, kubvisa chipfuwo kunogona kuva chiyero chinorwadza uye kunoda kukurukura nekunyengedza asi kunogutsa nemwana.
Food products
Kune mamwe marudzi ezvokudya zvinogona kukonzera kurwisa kweputi.