Vadziviriri vemuviri - maune immune cells (leukocytes) - vakakura mumufupa uye musmus (thymus gland), vachiita mapegocytes (uye mamwe masero evanhu vasina kurohwa nemaune) uye lymphocytes - masero akawana utachiona. Sezvo aine ruzivo rwe "dzidziso yejaya iri kurwisa," masviki ekufambisa anoenda kumapete, matoni, lymph nodes nemidziyo, mapuropiki ezvokudya uye chirwere chekupumha, apo vanozadzisa kugadzirira kwekuita "basa rehondo".
Kufambidzana nematumbu uye nhengo pamwe chete neine lymph uye neropa, leukocyte inonzwa nevanogamuchira zvinhu zvose zvinosangana nenzira yavo, uye nekubatsirwa kwekodhi yepamutemo inoparadzanisa masero emuviri wavo kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Paunosangana nezvinhu zvakabatana, "varwi" vanoita rugare, uye kana vari "mutorwa" pamberi pavo - vanotanga kurwisa.
Phagocytes inoumba mutsara wekutanga wezvidziviriro pahutachiona. Ivo "vanosunga" microorganisms pamusoro pavo uye vanovabata - iyi ndiyo maitiro ekuchengetedzwa kwepachivande anonyanya kushanda. Kana "mauto" emakemikari anokwira-sara akasimba, lymphocytes (rimwe boka re leukocytes) rinowanikwa "munhandare". Dzinobereka zvirwere zvinoratidzira hunoona pathogen, pose pazviri (mukati memasero, mumasumbu anopa mvura kana ropa), uye kubatsira kuparadza masero ane utachiona - ndizvo zvinoita kuti utachiona hutachiwana. Asi kana tisina simba rekudzivirira chirwere chisina kuchena, basa ratakagamuchira rinoenderana nemwero mukuru wehupenyu hwedu.
3 SYSTEM FAILURE
Pasinei nehutano hwehutano hwemasimba ehurumende, hahuri kurega kuva nzira inogona kukundikana. Iko kune marudzi matatu ekuputsika kwebasa rake.
1 GROUP: IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Kazhinji kazhinji, patinoti: "Ndakarasikirwa nehutachiona," tinoreva kuderera kwechinguva, izvo zviri kudzorerwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu, iyi ndiyo yerudzi rwekutanga rwekudzivirira muviri. Chechipiri inotaura nezvemhosva apo maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinoshanda nguva dzose pasi kana kudzivirira kusina zvachose kurasika.
Kurara kwechirwere muhutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona, hepite, etc.) Kusagadzikana kunogona nguva nenguva "kuwira" muupenyu hwose, uye kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi: kushushikana, kuneta, kusava nenzara, tsika dzakashata (kunwisa doro, kusvuta), kushaya mavitamini uye zuva (zvikurukuru mumwaka wechando), hypothermia, nezvimwewo. - zvose zvinosangana nomunhu wose nenguva nenguva. Iwe unoratidzika usina chinhu uye hauri kukuvadza, asi iwe unova unotapisa, kudzivirirwa kwomuviri kunowedzera simba, basa rehutachiona rose rinoshungurudza (zvinyorwa zve lymphocytes zvinoderera, kushanda kwavo kunopera, kusanganisira kubudiswa kwezvirwere). Somugumisiro, unogona kurwara, uye chirwere - "dhonza" uye zvinosanganisira zvinetso.
Zvinokosha . Masayendisiti akaratidza kuti vakadzi vasati varoora vanowanzosangana nehutachiona kupfuura avo vanofara muwanano. Mhuri dzemhuri (pamwe chete mune zvekushanda uye kushamwaridzana), mamwe masimba anokonzerwa anorwisa microbes kupfuura avo vakavharwa uye vakasurukirwa.
Usavhiringidza chinokonzera uye chiitiko chekuwa kwehutachiona. Utonho pachahwo hahukwanise kuderedza simba rekudzivirirwa mumuviri: iwe unogona kuzvisarudza, nekuda kwekuti chitunha chako chinotanga kusimba pane chimwe chikonzero.
Zvaunofanira kuita . "Rawa" chitunha chekuzvidzivirira here? Simudza nenzira yakaoma. Uyewo aya mazano anobatsira kudzivisa kupera kwayo.
Simba . Sarudza kudya kwakakwana. Idya zvishoma mafuta uye mapuroteni akawanda, ayo ane mavitamini D uye ehove-E-fumi uye nyama yakaonda; uyewo fiber: miriwo - imba yekuchengetedza inoshandiswa (zinc uye selenium), inofanirwa kudzivirira muviri, uye muzvibereko - uyewo mavhithamini B, vitamini C uye tocopherol (an antioxidant ine simba inodiwa nemasero eunodzivirira immune). Kushayikwa kwevhithamini nekutsvaga zvinhu zvichabatsira kuzadza biologically zvinoshanda zvinowedzera kuwedzera hutachiona. Usati watenga, tsvaga nachiremba wako uye uverenge mirayiridzo zvakanyatsonaka.
Basa rechiito. Kushanda muviri nguva dzose kuburikidza nehutano kana mitambo kunowedzera kukanganiswa kwemuviri kune zvirwere. Kutanga, vanowedzera kuparadzirwa kwemaitiro emiromo-inoshandiswa inopa masero ezvirwere mumuviri "kuhondo" (kufambisa kwayo kuburikidza nemidziyo ye lymph inowanikwa nekuda kwezvipfeko zvemitsipa yakapoteredza). Chechipiri, kufamba kwakasimba kunobatsira kuramba uchidziya. Paunenge uchizununguka, kukurumidza kwekufamba kwemasero anodzivirira kunonoka, uye vangave vasina nguva yokurwisa utachiona. Nenzira, vanhu vanowanzofamba mumhepo itsva kana rwendo kuenda kunzvimbo yemhepo (somuenzaniso, kushambidzika kweRussia) ndiko kurovedza kwakanaka kwehutachiona.
Kurota . Munguva yehope, cytokines (makemikari anobudiswa ne lymphocytes) inobudiswa. Dzinokurudzira basa remasero emuviri uye rinoona kupona kwavo. Nokudaro, iva nechokwadi chokuti vamwe vose vanogara vachigara, uye edza kusaputsa hurumende.
Nhamba yezuva nezuva yehope maawa manomwe, uye nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa hurumende ndeyekuti udzidzise kuenda kunorara uye kumuka panguva imwe chete.
Zvepabonde . Masayendisiti kubva kuWilkes University kuPennsylvania akawana kuti avo vanogara vachiita zvepabonde (1-2 nguva pavhiki), huwandu hwe immunoglobulin (masimba) mumateko hukwirira. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero chekuwana shamwari yekusingaperi, kana iwe usina imwe.
Utano . Mishonga inokonzera chikamu ichi chikamu chinokosha chemuviri wedu wezvirwere. Nyika inoparadzaniswa nehutachiona inokonzera kupisa kazhinji. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti vanhu vakashanduka pamwe navo kwemamiriyoni emakore, saka ivo vanodikanwa pakuumbwa kwehutachiona hwedu. Zvechokwadi, hakuna munhu akaregesa utsanana hwake, asi zviri nani kuti usapfuudza - tsvaga muyero.
Kugamuchira mishonga. Usabatanidzwa mukuzvipa-kurapa: pasina kusarudzwa kwachiremba, kutora mishonga inowedzera hutachiona hunogona kunge isingakoshi, asiwo ine ngozi. Kutanga, tora kuongororwa uye ita majekitori anogadza kuvapo uye chimiro chekudzivirira muviri.
Kuramba kuri kuramba kana kurasikirwa kwehutachiona (alimphocytosis, AIDS, nezvimwewo)
Nemhaka yekushaiwa kana kusavapo kwechiitiko chekubereka ma antibodies, maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvemasimba anokundikana kana kuti anoramba kushanda. Kurwisana kunoitika:
- nehutachiona kana hutachiona, apo zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotanga kubudisa zvishomanana zvirwere;
- panguva dzezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekudya kwenguva refu kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya;
- apo AIDS, apo hutachiona husingawanikwe nekuda kwehutachiona hweHIV hwakapararira mumasero emusununguko, iyo inouraya an antibody. Zvirwere zvemuviri zvisingakwanise kuisvibisa (masero emuviri anokonzerwa nehutachiona anotanga kuzvitakura) uye anokundikana.
Aya ndiwo maitiro apo kusununguka kwe "defender" kunoshanduka kuva "chisimba". Nehutachiona, masero ezvirwere zvemusununguko anenge asina kumira uye asingakwanisi kuita zvinoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka: mvere dzemvere, maruva, mapureni, nezvimwewo, uye munguva yepimma vanoita kuti vabate mubronchi nemapapu, zvichiita kuti vasvike uye kuita kufema kuoma.
Zvinokosha . Kuwedzerwa kwemaitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kwezvirwere zvinowanzoitika panguva yekurwisana kana kuonana ne-allergen, saka kurwara kana chirwere cheputi hachisi chikonzero chokufunga kuti hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera hutachiona. Nhamo, mumwe nomumwe wedu anotarirwa nemapembudzi uye zvirwere.
Zvaunofanira kuita . Mushure mekuedza, shandisa iyo yegengen. Inwa yakatemwa antihistamines inoderedza zviratidzo zvehutachiona, uye usasangana ne-allergen. Nehma, inhalation inofanirwa kubvisa asthma.
3 GROUP: KUTAURA ZVINYANYA
Basa guru remuviri wechirwere chemuviri ndiro kukwanisa kusiyanisa "munhu" kubva kune "mumwe". Kana ikakoromoka, zvinetso zvakakomba zveutano zvinomuka. Apo, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, masero ekuchengetedza, pane kuzvidzivirira pachavo kubva kune utachiona uye hutachiona, anotanga kuparadza masero mumitumbi yavo, zvirwere zvinotapira muviri zvinowanika.
Zvinokosha . Chinangwa chinogona kuva chero zvipembenene - zvinetso, chiropa, dumbu, uropi, kuporesa uye ziso. Zvirwere zvinodzivirira (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, utachiona hwehutachiona, nezvimwewo) hazvigoneki, asi zvinogona kuderedza kuparadza.
Zvaunofanira kuita . Kuita kuti hutachiwana huve nechirwere ichi, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kutora mishonga yekuderedza mafungiro anodzivisa kupandukira kwezvirwere (maererano nemirairo uye pasi pekutarisirwa kwechiremba).