Spring ndiyo nguva yekudyara mbeu itsva, michero nemiti mubindu rako. Hazvisi zvachose kushamisika kuti vanhu vazhinji vane mibvunzo yakawanda panyaya iyi. Somuenzaniso: Zvakanaka sei kudyara mbeu? Nzira yekuwana sei matanda emiti miduku yakabatanidzwa: dwarfish, semi-dwarfish kana kureba? Ko haufaniri kukanganisa mukusarudzwa kwemichero? Yese mibvunzo yakanyanyisa uye inoda kutarisirwa kwakakodzera uye nzira yakagadzirisa, nokuti ichava tsitsi kana iwe ukamirira makore akawanda kune imwe mbeu, uye iwe unowana zvaunoda semugumisiro.
Rootstocks
Kune clonal uye seminal stock. Mbeu yakanakisisa yevarimi vanoona mbeu dzezviyo, dzakawanikwa nekuda kwekudyara mbeu, iyo yakasarudzwa kubva kune michero yemiti yemiti. Zvisinei, kazhinji mu nurseriesuse mbeu antonovok kune dzimwe mbeu. Zviitiko zveyanyanzvi kukura michero yembeu kana mashizha. Miti yakakura yemapuro inokura pamichero yemasango emapapuri emusango, mashoma-maduku-pamichero yemapuranga echiChinese, uye yakareba pamichero yeapuro yeShekkerk. Kana iwe uchida kukura pear, ipapo mbeu dzinokura pamichero dzinokura pamusango wemusango, uye zvidiki zvinokura pamichero ye quince.
Kugadzirisa midzi ye rootstocks inoparadzirwa nenzira dzevana, kwete mbeu. Matanda akadaro anozivikanwa nevarimi vane agrotechnics chaiyo uye zviitiko zvakakosha zvekurima bindu. Pamiti ye clonal, miti haina kukura kwenguva refu, makore 12-14 chete. Pakazosvika makore gumi, mashizha anotanga kupera uye kurwara zvikuru. Kana kukwira kwakadai kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi, zvinobva zvabviswa.
Ungasarudza sei mbeu?
Edza kuwana michero kubva kuvarimi vemumunda vane mukurumbira wakanaka, vanoziva bhizinesi ravo zvakakwana, vanoziva nzira yacho zvakanaka uye vanoziva kuti ndeapi mashandisi anoshandiswa zvakanakisisa nokuda kwenzvimbo yenyu yekutengesa uye yevhu. Kana michero yakakura mumiti yakakura, edza kuidzivisa, nokuti kazhinji nzira dzakanakisisa dzinoshandiswa kutengeswa. Paunotanga kusarudza mbeu dzinodiwa, kunyatsotarisirwa kunofanira kupiwa kumidzi: kana midzi iri pakatemwa muvara, rima racho haisi iwe. Akachengetwa kwenguva yakareba uye akarasikirwa nesimba rake rose muupenyu. Mimwe miitiro yakashata ye rootstocks inogona kuva nemakwenzi emadziro emapuranga. Kana midzi yakafukidzirwa nerebe inokura mukati mekati central axis, zvino iyi ichine rootstock kana midzi-inobereka mbeu (mazhinji emichero iyi inogona kuwanikwa mu plums uye cherries). Kana mudzi wacho une mashomanana mashoma ematavi, uye chiyero chelobe chidiki, zvino iyi mbeu inowanikwa.
Mukuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa zvakanaka mafuro. Kana ukasarudza peari, zvino iva nechokwadi chokuti hapana mahwendefa madema uye kuputika pamakungwa - izvi zvinoratidza kuti sapling inokura ganda. Kana wakaenda kunosarudza mbesa dzeaple, iwe haubvumirwi kuvhara zvironda zviduku uye kushaya mutsvuku, zvisinei iwe unotenga kenza sagenetszarzhenny. Zvinonyanya kukosha, kana mbeu yacho isisina kukura kwakasimba, ndeyokuguma kwekuti nhamba yakawanda yemaminisi yakaiswa muimba yevana. Iko kune zvimwe zviratidzo, nokuti iwe unogona kutarisira fecundity nekuraira kwezvibereko zvemugumo. Kazhinji, kana maapuro ane mavara akachena, ruvara rwemavara, zvino ivo ndivo vane mavara ezvivara uye zhizha, asi kana vana vane ruvara rutsvuku rwemakungwa, izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuve kwemavara kuchave kwakatsvuka. Kana ukasarudza plum, ona chinyorwa chemafuro acho. Mucherechedza wakaita ruvara rwemutsvuku unoratidza kuti michero ichava yerima bhuruu kana ruvara ruchena, ruvara kana ruvara, izvo zvinoreva kuti michero ichava nechiedza chechiedza. Kana ukasarudza peari, zvichange zviri nyore kwauri kuti uone maruva emichero yeramangwana. Kana mwana wacho aine ruvara rwemucheka mutsvuku kana ruvara rune tsvuku, ipapo michero ichava yakatsvuka, kana mashizha ari gorosi-ruvara kana ruvara, ipapo michero ichava yakasvibirira, zvakanaka, uye kana mashizha ari tsvuku, ipapo mapepa pachawo achava nemafuta akajeka.
Iye zvino zvatakasarudza pakusarudzwa kwezvirimwa, inguva yekuenda zvakananga kudyara.Iyo ndiyo nguva yakanakisisa yekukurukurirana nyaya yekugadzira mbesa uye kunyange kutaura pamusoro pekugadzira munda.
Internodes and kidneys
Kana mbesa yemapuro ine ruvara rukuru runoputika uye mauto mashomanana, saka, zvichida, muti uyu uchakurumidza kukura, asi mbeu dzinenge dzisina simba dzakaderera uye internodes refu dzinogona kutanga kutakura michero nokukurumidza. Mbeu, dzakasvibiswa dzisina kukwana dzinoputika nekukura kukuru, kazhinji nguva dzose inotanga kubereka michero nokukurumidza. Uyezve, miche yemaperesi, inobva pamhando dzakakurumidza kukura, kunyange panguva yeiyo inenge ine matavi kune chikamu chezasi chemuti. Zvitsva, izvo zvakatomira zvakananga zvakasviba nediki, zvakasvibiswa buds, zvinotanga kubereka michero munguva pfupi.
Landing
Paunenge wawana michero, iwe unofanira kungodyara zvakakodzera. Zvinonzwisisika, varimi vakawanda vanoziva kuti kana vakadyara miti munzvimbo dzisina kumbova nemiti yemichero, micheche duku inotanga kukura nekukurumidza, uye ichaunzawo miti yakawanda, yakachena uye inonaka. Asi kana, zvisinei, kudyara miti panzvimbo iyo miti yakagara ichikura, pachava nemikana yakareba yokuti miti ichakura zvakanyanya, inotanga kukuvadza uye zvinogona kuti dzichafa zvachose.
Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuzvidzivirira kweuturu hwevhu: hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunokanda kunze zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana munyika iyo isingaori, inowedzera yakawanda. Zvose izvi zvinoshanda kumiti yemhando imwechete. Semuenzaniso, kana makore akawanda mumutsara wemapula miti ichikura panzvimbo imwe uye inodyiwa sechigumisiro, uye michero itsva yeapuro ichadyarwa panzvimbo imwechete, haizorarami. Mbeu dzichagadzikana uye dzinotanga kupera, asi kana iwe ukadyara plum panyika ino, ichakura nekukura zviri nani. Kana nzvimbo yemuapuroti yakasimwa plum kana cherry, inonzwa zviri nani mune iri ivhu kunyange pane yakachena. Saka, zvakakosha kuenderera mberi dzimwe tsika dzebindu.
Unofanira kucherechedza nguva yekugara. Zvibereko zvemasango nemiti zvinogona kutanga kudyara nzvimbo yekusingaperi muvhu kubva 10-15 September uye kuramba uchidyara zvingave zvisingatotanga kumira. Apo patinodyara miti mukuwa, kazhinji varimi vanoramba vachiine mashizha anofanirwa kubviswa nekasi uye petioles chete inofanira kubviswa. Munzvimbo idzodzo apo nyika inopisa kazhinji uye inotonhora kazhinji munguva yechando, panguva ino zvinogonawo kudyara miti, ichapora. Muchirimo, zvatove zvigoneka kutanga kudyara micheche kubva pakupera kweFebruary, zvechokwadi, kana ivhu risina kuvharwa uye rinogona kuramba richidyara kusvika pakupera kwaApril. Zvakakosha kubhadhara kune chokwadi chokuti munguva yekusima kwemavhu pane zvigadzirwa hazvifaniri kunge zvichinyatsojeka mashizha. Nokudaro, kana iwe uchida kudyara muti munaMay, ezvo ugochera michero mberi uye uiendese kunzvimbo inotonhora iyo ichave yakanyarara.
Fertilizer
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti vasati vadyara kana mumagadzirirwo ayo, gomba rekudyara rinofanira kuzadzwa nemaminerari uye manyowa. Vane ruzivo vemizambiringa vanopesana kuti kana masimwa, pasina mhaka haigone kuve nemafuta inounzwa, nokuti izvi zvingakanganisa kubatsira kwemiti. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kana kudyara kusakosha pakukura kwemuti, asi kuti mbeu yacho yakanyatsosimbiswa. Uye kuitira kuti muti wacho udzike midzi iyo haifaniri manyowa, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi chete hunyoro hwevhu nevhu hwemukati hunodiwa. Uyezve, kana kune muviri muvhu, ipapo midzi inokura nokukurumidza. Fertilizers haizongodziviriri muti kuti uzvizivire, asi unotangawo kutora mumugodhi wokudyara, slugs, moles uye wireworms, uye zvinogona kukuvadza midzi.
Kurongeka kwebindu
Miti inofanira kudyarwa pane imwe nzvimbo, zvichienderana nechitsiko, zvakasiyana uye nzvimbo yemunda wakarongwa.
Miti miti yakawanda inoda kudyarwa pamakiromita 3-4 mamita kubva kune mumwe.
Pamapuranga nemapuro, 1 mita yemvura yakadzika gomba rinofanira kugadzirirwa; for turn, plum, mountain ash, cherry uye gungwa-buckthorn - 0.6 m; for gooseberries, quince yeJapan, currants nemamwari - 0,5 m.