Iro genus Cyclamen inosvika makumi mashanu emhando yemiti yemichero yemhuri ye primrose. Nharaunda yavakatanga kuwanika ndiyo Central Europe, uyewo Asia Minor. Cyclamen inomera inomera, isingaperi, ine miviri inotapira, iyo inoputika zvishoma. Inosara mukati maro yakanyanyisa, ine mavara akawanda, yakazara-lobed, tema. Maruva anowanikwa parefu peduncles, uye anove nechitarisiko chiduku.
Iko kune pfungwa yokuti imba inogadzirwa cyclamen yakaoma kukura mumba, asi iri kure nechokwadi. Kana ikakurira maererano nemitemo yose, ichafadza varimi kwenguva refu. Zvinetso zvinogona kubuda nemirau yakatengwa muchitoro.
Kutarisira kwemuti.
Lighting. Nokuda kworudo rwechimiro ichi chechiedza, havatungamiri mazuva ezuva akavatungamirira. Kana tikataura pamusoro penyika, saka ivo vakanyanya kumadokero nekumabvazuva.
Kupisa kwehutongi. Kana tichitaura pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura nekukura, zvino inogona kugoverwa muzhizha uye munguva yechando. Muzhizha, zvinodikanwa kuisa mukamuri rine kutonhora kwe + 18-25C, uye munguva yechando inofanira kunge iri nzvimbo inopenya uye inotonhorera ine kutonhora kwe + 10C, asi kwete yakapfuura + 12-14C.
Kunwisa. Apo iyi yekuisa imba inoputika, inofanira kunwa mvura kana yakawanda kana yepamusoro. Usabvumira mvuralogging kana kuoma nyika. Mvura yakakodzera yekudiridza yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka uye yakanyorova. Kana iri yekudiridza, inofanira kuitwa nekunyatso, nemucheto wehari; Usabvumira mvura kupinda mazai uye tubers yemuti. Saka, iwe unogona mvura uye kuburikidza nehutambo. Uyewo, simiti haigone kupona kana mvura inopinda mumucheto wemiti, sezvo tuber inogona kuora. Kana tikataura pamusoro pemvura yekupisa yemvura, saka inofanira kunge iri diki diki pasi pekupisa mukati mekamuri. Mushure mokudiridza, mushure meawa kana maviri, mvura kubva pani, kana iripo, inofanira kuderedzwa, kana zvisina kudaro midzi inogona kutanga kuora. Mushure mokunge muti unopera, nguva zhinji yekudiridza inogona kutanga kuderedzwa, uye nenguva yezhizha, haisi kunyatsodiridza apo mashizha anotendeuka nekuoma.
Apo nguva yekuonekwa kwebudiriro iri kuuya, chimiro checlamlamen chinoda kuiswa. Uye mushure mekuonekwa kwavo, kuputira kunomira kuti vadzivise kuora kwavo. Kana iwe uchida kuwedzera humhutu, ipapo uri mumukati unogona kuisa mhepo yakasviba kana kuwedzerwa ivhu (matombo anokodzerawo). Asi yeuka kuti pasi haifaniri kuisa mvura. Mvura inonaya ichava yakakosha, asi iwe unogonawo kushandisa mvura yakasvibiswa, yakasviba.
Top dressing. Kana mashizha anotanga kuonekwa pachirimwa, asi hapasisina maruva, muti unofanirwa kudyidzwa nemamineral fertilizer; kuwandisa kwekugadza - humwe vhiki mbiri. Cyclamens vanoda organic fertilizers. Uye ne nitrogen fertilizer, iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera, iwe haugone kuwedzera kwavari muhuwandu hwakawanda, nokuti vanogona kutenderera midzi tubers.
Flowering. Cyclamen isirimwa inokura anenge makore gumi nemashanu uye gore rimwe nerimwe kusvika kumaruva makumi manomwe inogona kuonekwa pairi. Maruva iwayo ayo akazara uye akapera, akacheneswa ne pedicel. Apo sara inotanga kuoma, i.e. iyo inopera uye mashizha anotendeuka, inofanirwa kuibvisa pamidzi (asi kwete kugurwa). Mushure mekunge nzvimbo iyi inoputika inosvina hupfu hwakawanda kubva mumarasha.
Kubereka. Kuberekwa kwe cyclamen kwakaoma zvikuru kumba. Kazhinji anoparadzira nekuparadzanisa tuber. Iko kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuberekwa uye mbeu, asi iyi inotora nguva yakareba.
Kuti uwane mbeu yakazara pamba, saka kupisa kwemaitiro (cross cross) inokosha. Iwe unofanirwa kutora bruzi rakanyorova, uchishandisa iyo kutora muto kubva pane imwe michero ndokuiisa iyo pestle yemumwe muti. Zvingava zvakanaka kufudza cyclamen panguva ino ne phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
Nguva yakanakisisa yokudyara ndiyo August, nokuti muzhizha musimi uyu une nguva yekuzorora.
Usati wadyara, mbeu dzimwe nguva inodururwa nemhinduro yeshuga (5%) uye inotora mbeu dzakawira pasi; Mbeu dzakapinda hadzina kukodzera. Dzimwe nguva mbeu dzinobatanidzwa mune imwe sarudzo ye zircon.
Kune substrate, zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinotorwa. Kusanganiswa kwemashizha nenyika uye peat, muyero yeiyo imwe, imwe peat uye vermiculite, ichave yakakodzera muchiyero chimwe chete.
Iyo substrate yakanyoroveswa, ipapo mbeu inowanikwa pamusoro payo uye inosaswa nehupamhi hwenyika 0.5-1 masikati masikati Kuti mbeu ibudirire, mbeu hadzidi kuedza, nokuti inogona kuvharwa nefirimu isingabudise chiedza. Iyo yakanyanya kutonhora kwavari inenge + 20C, pane utsi hwepamusoro pembeu "inogona kurara" uye kumera kunomira. Icho kutonhora hachisviki uye pasi + 18С, sezvo mbeu dzichaora. Usakanganwa kutarisa unhu hwehuvhu, uye nguva nenguva zvinoda kuvhara chigadziko nembeu.
Iyo yakasimwa nguva yekumera panguva yakakwana yekushisa inongopfuura mwedzi. Mushure mokumera, iyo firimu inobviswa kubva kumusoro, uye mudziyo unogadzirirwa munzvimbo inenge yakarongedzwa zvakanaka, asi pasina zuva rakananga. Ichando inofanira kuva yakaderera, inenge + 15-17С.
Mushure mokunge maonekwa emashizha ane 2-3 mashizha mumichero, uye inowanzoitika munaDecember, inowanikwa muhari, uko pane pepa pasi (2 zvikamu), peat (1 chikamu) uye jecha (0.5 chikamu). Nodules inofanira kuvharwa nenyika (vanhu vakuru havadi kuita izvi). Mushure mokusvitsa mune musanganiswa mutsva, mushure mevhiki, zvinoda kuwedzera muganisi, iyo inofanira kudimbiswa nehafu. A 0.2% solution yeammonium sulphite (2 gramu neawa imwe neimwe) ichave yakakodzera, uye mushure mekutora 0.1 mazuva inowedzera 0,1% potassium nitrate.
Muchirimo michero yatotanga kuiswa muhope dzakasiyana.
Miti yakakura yakakura kubva kumbeu ichanyura pashure pokudyara mumwedzi inenge gumi nemana.
Precautions.
Cyclamen, uye kunyanya mhando dzayo - cyclamen Persian, ine zvinhu zvine uturu. Izvo zvakanyanya zvakagadzikana nazvo mu tubers. Ichi chepfu chinogona kukonzera kurutsira, chirwere chemashuga, kana zviputi.
Matambudziko ekutarisira.
Miti yacho inogona kurwiswa ne weevil mazambiringa. Muchiitiko ichi, mashizha ayo achaputsa uye kufa. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kugara uchitarisa pasi yekuvapo kwemaruva emuchero, ane mvere dzemavara.
Kana mukamuri yacho yakanyanya kukwirira, uye kutonhora hakusi kwakakwirira, saka pamaruva nemafuta zvinowanzooneka grey furry inowira mumhando yekumera.
Mukuwedzera kune weevil, muti wacho unogona kukuvadzwa ne cyclamen mite. Inoshandiswa mukushandura ichi chimiro - kuora, kana kuti usakura; maruva anotanga kuoma, buds uye peduncles crinkle. Kana ikasimwa ichibatwa nekwereti, saka inofanira kurasikirwa, sezvo zvisingabviri kubvisa marangi.
Cyclamen haibvumiri kupisa moto, saka paanopisa pamusoro pe + 17C, apo mhepo inodziya uye yakaoma, mashizha anotendeuka ndokuwa uye muti unopera. Izvo zvichaitika kana zvisingakwanisi kunwisa chimiro uye chichasimuka muzuva rakananga.