Nhoroondo yechitarisiko chekofi

Nhoroondo yekuonekwa kwekofi inotanga nezana remakore IX.

Ruzivo rwekutanga runoti nyika yekutanga iyo yakaratidzwa ndiyo Ethiopia. Pane nhoroondo inotaura kuti vafudzi, avo vaifudza mbudzi, vakava mapiyona, uye vakaona kuti mbudzi mushure mekushandiswa kwebhinzi dzomucheka mhepo dzomusango dzaiputira nesimba. Ipapo kofi yakapararira kuEgypt neYemen. Uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechina, ndokusvika kunyika dzeNorth Africa, kuMiddle East, Turkey nePersia.

Munyika dzakawanda idzi, kofi yakaita basa rinokosha. Somuenzaniso, mhemberero dzezvitendero dzakaitirwa muYemen uye Africa nekofi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kusati kwatanga kutonga kwaMambo Makene II weEtiopia, chechi yemo yakarambidza kushandiswa kwehavha yehafi. Uyewo, kofi yakarambidzwa muUtoman Empire muTurkey muzana remakore rechi17 nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwe enyika.

Mukutanga kwema1600. Kofi yakava yakawanda muEngland, uye muna 1657 France zvakare yakakurumbira nekofi. Austria nePoland muna 1683, zvichibva mukurwisana kweVienna neTurks, yakabata zviyo zvekhofi kubva kuTurkey. Gore rino rinogona kufungwa segore rekukunda kofi muPoland neAustria. MuItaly, kofi yakabva kunyika dzeMuslim. Izvi zvakagadziriswa nekutengeserana kubudirira muNorth Africa uye Venice, uyewo kuMiddle East neEgypt. Uye zvino kubva kuVenice kafi yakaenda kunyika dzeEurope.

Kuzivikanwa kukuru uye kufarirwa kwekofi kwakawanikwa nekuda kwaPapa Clement VIII muna 1600, nemvumo yekofi yaifungidzirwa se "chiKristu chinwiwa". Kunyange zvazvo paiva nevakawanda vakakumbira Papa kuti ave nechikumbiro chekurambidza "Muslim muswa".

Kuvhura kweimba yekhofi

Nyika yeEurope yekutanga, iyo yakazarura hovha yekofi, yaiva Italy. Ichi chakaitika muna 1645. VaDutch vave vakave vokutanga vatengesi vehove. Peter van den Brock akaputsa kuvhara kwemaSulumani panguva iyoyo-kutengesa kohwu. Contraband yakaitwa muna 1616 kubva kuAden kusvika kuEurope. Gare gare, vaDutch vakatanga kukura michero yekhofi pazvitsuwa zveJava neCeylon.

Zvisinei, munguva yekoloni, iyo imwe nguva yakapinda muNorth America, kofi pakutanga yakanga isina kunyanya kufarirwa, yakaenzaniswa neEurope. Chido chekofi muNorth America chakatanga kukura munguva yeHondo yeRevolutionary. Saka, vatengesi, kuitira kuti varambe vachigadzirisa zviduku zvavo, vakamanikidzwa kuisa zvikwereti. Uyewo, kushandiswa kwemafi kuAmerica kwakapararira kwakatanga mushure mehondo ye1812, panguva iyo UK yakambovhara kutengesa kweiyi kwenguva pfupi.

Parizvino, kufarirwa kwekofi kwave kure kure. Vagadziri vanopa mhando dzakasiyana nemakwenzi efivha. Uye zvikomborero kana kukuvara kwekhofi zvichiri kukonzera kukurukurirana kukuru.