Meshchan muvakuru
Kumadokero, mazita emadzinza ehurumende ane chokuita nekugadzirwa kwe pedigrees ave achishanda kwemazuva akawanda, anoti, muU.SA basa reumwe nyanzvi mune zvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza rinotenga kubva kuma20 kusvika ku75 madhora. Kunewo mabhizimisi akadaro muRussia zvakare, kunyange zvazvo chikamu chimwe chetatu chazvo chakanyanya kuMoscow, uye kubva muna 1997 - muUkraine. Pakupera kwekutsvakurudza, izvo zvinodhura madhora zviuru zvitatu, iwe uchagoverwa pedigree yako muchimiro chebhuku rakaisvonaka rakagadziriswa kana mufananidzo uri muchiremera chakakura. Havasi vose vanogona kukwanisa kushandisa mari pamishandiro enyanzvi, saka vakawanda vanotarisa midzi yavo pachavo, uye vanochera kusvika kune zvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru. Rimwe remazita angu rakagadzira webhusaiti iyo inounganidza ruzivo pamusoro pematavi akasiyana ezita remhuri yedu. Ndinotenda kuti ndinoziva kuti madzitateguru angu ari kure aive achibva kuNorgorod, uye pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17 vakaenda kundoshumira kumaodzanyemba kweMuscovy. Asi ndaive nerombo rakadai nezita: hazvina kufanira kuti mazitaake aonekwe nenzira yakaipa. Uye sei kuti uve vamwe Kuznetsov kana Shevchenko, uyo munharaunda yose - nhamba ipi? Icho rumwe rutivi rwefashoni yemadzinza ndiwo chido chekanakisi yenyika kuti chiratidze rudzi rwakanaka. Kuda mabhizimisi vanobudirira uye madzimai epasi, sekuti kana vasingatauri muhurukuro iyo madzitateguru avo pane imwe yemitsetse - machinda kana kuverenga. Kubva kune vanozivikanwa vekuUukraine, somuenzaniso, Natalia Mogilevskaya anomutsa mhuri yake zvakananga kuna Petro weCheve pachake, Katya Buzhinskaya anobva kumhuri yakanaka yePoland, uye Svetlana Loboda anewo tateguru ane nguo yake. Zvakanaka, kana madzitateguru ane ruvara rweruvara rwebhuruu asiri munzira ipi zvayo, iwe unogona kuva muvambi wezvidzidzo zveumambo hutsva - somuenzaniso, tora zita rakanaka. Makore anoverengeka akapfuura panzvimbo yevanhu veRussia vane mbiri "The New Elite yeRussia", zita remuchinda rairema 12 000 euro, nhamba ye - 8,000, ibha-5 nehafu hafu. Ichokwadi, iye zvino hapana tsanangudzo yevanhu ava yakawanikwa paInternet. Asi zvinokwanisika kushandisa kune imwechete mazita emagariro edzimhosva ekuunganidza mapepa emudzimba wezvombo maererano nemitemo yese yehutungamiriri. Ndingaita sei kuti ndisarangarire makirasiki - "Meshcherin mumakurukota" Moliere inokosha panguva dzose. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanobudirira vanoda kutsvaka nheyo. Semuenzaniso, mumwe wevanhu vakapfuma kwazvo panyika, muweti weWarren Buffett, achazosiya imwe chete muzana yehupfumi hwake kuvana vake - vamwe vose vachagadzirwa nehutano hwaro hwakatangwa. Mukufunga kwevakadai saBuffett, vana havafaniri kushandisa izvo vabereki vavo vakagamuchira, kuva mari, kubatana kana mazita-vanofanirwa kuita zvose zvavo uye kwete kumirira zvipo kubva pakuguma. Zvisinei, izvi zvakanyanya kufanana neAmerican point of view: mamiriyoni edu achangobva kuitwa akawanda. Vatsva vemidzi yavo vanonyatsochera kare, sekunge kana ramangwana ravo rinowirirana naro. Zvinoita sokuti chinangwa chedu chedu ndechekuti tive kuna Adhamu naEvha kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vose ihama, kwete chete mumagariro. Sei tichida zvose zvitsva zvinopedza nguva pakati peguruva renhoroondo? Ndeipi rubatsiro chatinowana kubva kune ruzivo pamusoro pehama dzedu-vanasekuru-shure kwezvose, havasi ivo vanokudzwa zvachose?
Zvakavanzika zveAncestor Vakakanganwa
Mazita emadzinza ehurumende anotaura kuti vatengi vavo, kutanga kune vose, vakakura, vakagadzirwa. Hakusi kuti vechidiki havafariri madzitateguru avo uye dzinza ravo rose. Kungofanana nekuwedzera kwekufarira mumarekare akare (kana kuumbwa kwemazita emadzinza kwakanga kusiri tsika mumhuri) kazhinji kunowira kune rimwe rematambudziko ane chokuita nezera. Dambudziko ndiro nguva apo munhu anovandudza huzivi hwake, achiziva kuti danho rinotevera rehupenyu hwake rapera, uye tinofanira kutarisa chimwe chinhu chitsva. Kutendeukira kune zvakaitika kumadzitateguru ake, anotsvaka mhinduro kumibvunzo inoti: "Ndini ani? Ndini kupi? Ndekupi kwandinoenda? "Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika munguva yedu, apo kuwirirana pakati pezvizvarwa kwakaderera, uye zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinokosha zvakarashika semugumisiro wehondo dzakawanda uye kuchinja. Zvechokwadi, zana remakore rechi20 rakaona miti yakawanda yemadzinza yakaparadzirwa muzviputi. Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvakatanga munguva yekupera kwezana remakore rechina, apo mhuri dzakawanda dzakatama kubva mumisha kusvika kumaguta, uye mune zvekupedzisira zvipingamupinyi zvekirasi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakavhiringidzika. Mushure mekuvandudzwa, shanduro yacho yakakurumidza kuwedzera: vazhinji vakavanza chokwadi chokuti vakabva kune vanokudzwa kana vafundisi, kana kuti vakakurumidza kuenda, vachirasikirwa magwaro anokosha, mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa zvemhuri munzira. The Civil War, uye zvakare Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, yakasiya mamiriyoni evana vasina vanababa. Nherera dzakakurira mumhuri dzekune imwe nyika kana mune nherera, dzimwe nguva kukanganwa kuti kana vaine vabereki chaivo. Mumakore makumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe nemana, vechidiki vanobva vaenda kumaguta vachienda kune mamwe maguta, vachigadzira mhuri nekugadzirisa munzvimbo itsva. Somugumisiro, munyika yemazuva ano, kunyanya mumamacacities, kune mhuri shomanana dzakagara munzvimbo imwechete kwevanenge zvizvarwa zvitatu mumutsara. Kudyidzana kwevekudyidzana kwepasi pose kuri kuitawo kuti musiyano pakati pezvizvarwa: nhasi vechidiki vechidiki, kunyanya basa rekusika, vanosarudza kuva vagari vemunyika, vachifamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo uye vachigara kune imwe nyika kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, rusununguko rwemagariro evanhu, saka hunofadza kune vakawanda, dzimwe nguva runotiremera. Uye zvino tinotanga kurota tsika, nzira inofanirwa yehupenyu, mitemo yakasimba yakamboedzwa kwemazana emakore. Munyaya iyi, kuunganidza pedigree kana kungotaura chete nevakwegura ishamwari inobatsira. Kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehupenyu munguva yakapfuura, tinozvienzanisa nezvino uye tinofungisisa pamusoro pemaitiro emadzitateguru edu zvingava zvakanaka kutora ikozvino. Uye kana zvakanyanya kubudirira uye zvarongeka zvatiripo, kunyanya tinonzwa seni rakakonzera kare, rinofanira kuzadzirwa kuitira kuti hupenyu huzopedzisira hwawana hukama. Sezviri pachena, naizvozvo, vanozivikanwa vanorota vanamwari vadzikiti - mabasa avo anokudzwa anogona kusimbisa kubudirira kunobudirira munguva ino. Ichi chido chokutaurira nyika yose nezvekubudirira kwemadzitateguru avo vanogonawo kupupurira kusava nechokwadi mune mamiriro avo ezvinhu iyezvino: haisi kubudirira kwechokwadi, kusina maturo, nokuda kwekusimbiswa kwazvinodiwa kuti ufukidze pamifananidzo yemhuri, yezvokwadi kana inonyengera? Asi zvakadaro, iye zvino nyika yose inzvimbo isina kugadzikana uye isina kuchengeteka, saka kudiwa kwechikepe chinyararire, dendere remhuri inonyanya kukosha. Tiri kurarama munyika yevhidhiyo mifananidzo yakagadzirwa nevatengesi. Iyi mifananidzo, iyo inotumirwa semitemo - mukadzi chaiyo wemazuva ano anofanira kunge ari, uye munhu akadaro-anotitakudza, anotinetesa, anoita kuti isu tinzwe kuderera kwedu, kana tisingawirirani nezvinodiwa zvinowanikwa pane izvi kana zviyero. Mukutsvaga chimwe chinhu chaicho, ikozvino, tinoshuva kugunzva nhoroondo yemadzitateguru edu. Izvo zvakafanana zvinowanikwa mune zvemaitiro, mazambiringa, zvakagadzirwa nemaoko: munyika yevenhau, vanhu vanotanga kurota chokwadi chekusingaperi, uye vari kuvatsvaga munguva yakapfuura, iyo nokuda kwechikonzero chimwechete iyo inoratidzirwa zvikuru. Haisi pangozi uye mupfungwa dzepfungwa, kuparidzirwa kwemhando dzakabatana nekudzidza kwehukama hwemhuri dziri kuwedzera.
Inzwi reropa
Vakadzi vanowanzova nehanya neyakare emhuri yavo kana vachigadzira ivo pachavo - somuenzaniso, vachimiririra mwana kana kuti vatova pazororo rekuberekwa. Maternity, sezvazvakaita, inobatsira mukati medu tarisiro yechadenga yevakadzi - kuva mutariri wemhuri. Munguva dzekare mhuri yakatungamirirwa naamai, uye kwete nebaba, sezvino. Zvinoshamisa kuti tsika iyi yakachengetedzwa pakati pevaJudha, pasinei nokuti tsika yavo ichinzvimbo chemhuri. Madzitateguru edu akabuda kubva muchokwadi chisinganzwisisiki kuti baba vemwana uyu vangave vasingazive kana kwete kune munhu wose uyo mukadzi akabatanidza kuguma kwake - asi zvose zvakajeka naamai vake. Kudzidza mhuri yake yemumhuri, amai vanguva yemberi vanotsvaka rubatsiro uye kutsigira mhuri yechidiki mumarudzi emadzitateguru ake, kunyanya pamwe chete nevakadzi. Kutsvaga kwekubatanidza nemadzitateguru kunokodzera zvinodiwa, izvo zvipfungwa zvepfungwa zvinodana pfungwa yehutano - pfungwa yekuve. Izvi zvinotadzisa, nenzira, zvinoshandiswawo nevatengesi: yeuka kuti kutengesa kunotengesa kwete zvipfeko zvakanyanya kana zvokudya sechinhu chinowanikwa kune rimwe boka, boka rakagadzirwa nevanhu vakanaka, vanobudirira uye vanobudirira. Mukuteerera manzwiro aya, vechidiki vanoungana mumapoka uye mapoka asina kukodzera, uye vanhu vakuru vanobatana paIndaneti mumaforamu uye munharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana. Asi intuitively tinogara tichinzwa sokuti zvisungo zvisingagoneki ndezvezvisungo zveropa. Zivo yemadzitateguru avo dzinotibatsira kugara tichifunga kutsigirwa kwavo kusingaonekwi, iyi inofananidzwa nekufamba kwenguva nekufa kwenguva refu, asi vanhu vepedyo zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva kutsvakurudza kwemadzinza kunotungamirira kumigumisiro isingatarisirwi - kubva munyaya dzakaoma dzehupenyu, yekuyeuchidza zvinyorwa zvitsvaga, kune zvakasara zvehutano hwemhuri. Asi kazhinji kadzo kudzokera kunzvimbo dzakabatana namadzitateguru edu hazvipi kupa mabhonasi, kunze kwemanzwiro, asi anowedzera kuva ane simba zvokuti zvese izvo zvatainzwa pamberi pavo zvinopera pamberi pavo. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa yakandiudza nyaya yemukadzi kubva kumhuri yekuUkraine inopinda munyika yeAmerica, asi rimwe zuva akasarudza kumutsvaka midzi uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi akauya kuUkraine. Achifamba nepindu remakore zana iro rakuru-tateguru vake vakadyara, akawana rufaro rwakasimba, ruzivo rwakajeka, rwakaenzana nevanoshamisa kana vechitendero. Icho chinotarisa kuti chakapfuura, chakavharidzirwa mune chifukidziro chisinganzwisisiki, chine simba rine simba rekushandisa, izvo zvisinganono kugoverana nevatsvakurudzi vanobvunza. Iko kuvepo kweiyo simba rinokosha rinoita kuti zvibvirire kufunga nezvekushanda pamadzinza ako sekutapudza nguva. Uye hazvibatsiri zvachose kana madzitateguru aive akakurumbira kune chimwe chinhu kana kuti akanga aine miti yakasvibiswa, aiva nejasi remhuri, kana kunyange asingagoni kuverenga. Isu tinosarudza zvatinoshandisa: kubudirira uye kupfuurira zita reumwe - kana muhukama, kubatsira vanhu. Madzitateguru edu akaitawo sarudzo. Kudzidza mazita ako, iwe unogona kuwana mienzaniso mizhinji yekuti madzitateguru edu akazvininipisa akaiswa sei muhukama, akabatsira vamwe, vaingove vane mutsa uye vakatendeseka. Uye iwe unogona kuti iwe pachako: Handina jasi remauto, asi ini handisi "Ivan, kwete ukama" -Ndakazvarwa nekuda kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevanhu vakakodzera. Ichi chitsigiro chatisingambofi takarasikirwa nazvo.
Pedigree in vitro
Vachizvarwa vako vanogona kugadzirwa kwete chete nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, asiwo navanachiremba - nekuongorora kumwe chete. Genetics inobvumira kwete kungofanotaura kuti zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirisa zvirwere zvekuzvarwa, asiwo zvinoratidza chiedza chako. Izwi rokuti "genomics" rakaonekwa munaSeptember 1990, nekutangwa kweHuman Genome Project. Zvisinei, kuumbwa kwesayenzi kwakaitika kare kare - apo zvakava pachena kuti mune zvirwere zvevanhu zvakakosha kutsvaka "gene track". Kunyanya kuongororwa kwema genome kunoitwa nemate, uye zvakakwana kuzviita kamwe chete muupenyu. Inoitwa nekushandisa biochips. Chinokosha chekombiyuta iyi ndechokuti pane chip (chinogona kufananidzwa nekubhadhara mumavhidhiyo emagetsi) mune imwe nzira, "sewn" zvikamu zveDNA. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe biochip, tinogona kuverenga pamwe chete kuverenga mamirioni SNPs (nhamba dzakasiyana dzejenome). Zvinosangana nekuumbwa kwemafuro ezvisikwa kune zvirwere zvakawanda. Kuverenga nezvemashoko ega ega kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva nezvedzinza rehama zvakabva kune DNA yakafanana pamwana wechizvarwa, uye nokuda kwevarume uye mababa haplogroups (DNA inodzokorora). Kubudirira mukugadzirisa chiremera chemunhu kunokubvumira kuwana hama dzako pakati pevanhu vazhinji veAsia, veAfrica neEurope, uyewo uone kuti madzitateguru ako aibva kupi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti gome revanhu rakashandura kushanduka-shanduka, kushanduka kwezvinhu kwakaonekwa uye "kwakagadziriswa" mauri, iyo iyo inogona kutarisa kubuda kwevanhu. Zivo yezvakabva kwauri zvakakoshawo pakusarudza kusarudzwa kune zvimwe zvirwere zvinotambura. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mamwe marudzi emadzinza anonyanya kutarisana nezvirwere zvepabonde kupfuura vamwe. Semuenzaniso, cystic fibrosis inowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vekuEurope, uye chirwere chinokonzerwa neNijman Peak ingozi chaiyo yevaAshkenazi vaJudha. Genomics inokubvumira kuongorora njodzi yekufa kamwe-kamwe-iyo inonzi "kamwe-kamwe kufa syndrome" inoitika nekuda kwekuchinja kwemajeni kunobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa kwemuviri wemwoyo. Chiremba anoenda kuchirwere chako chinogona kudzidza kwete chete nezvekufananidzira kune zvirwere, asiwo maitiro ekurapa mishonga, kurwisana neHIV, munhu mumwe nomumwe lactose kusawirirana, unyanzvi hwemitambo nezvimwe zvakawanda.