Zvikamu zvekurera mwana mudumbu kubva pakuberekwa kusvikira pakuzvarwa
Zvose mhuka nemunhu vane nzira imwechete yekuberekwa. Vakadzi, kufanana nevakadzi, vanobereka mazai, varume, savarume vemazvisikwa, ndevanguva inonzi spermatozoa. Iyo fetus inowanikwa apo ovom inoberekedzwa nemusero wemajeri. Mukuwedzera, kuti mhuka imwe neimwe inodzokororwa nokuda kwekuenderera kwemajini, chimiro chakaita kuti chirongwa ichi chive chiitiko chinonakidza.
Nhengo dzekuberekwa dzevakadzi dziri kumucheto wemapanga, muchikamu chezasi chemuviri. Chibereko chemukadzi, zita rakajairika uye rinowanzozivikanwa - chizvaro, chimiro chemuviri, anenge makumi mashanu nemamiriyoni makumi mana muhukuru, inorema kusvika makumi mashanu magiramu, ari pakati pezvikamu zvepabonde. Uterus inofanana nechimiro chakaita pearari uye inobatanidza nekutanga kwechikadzi nemutsara wayo wakaoma. Chikamu chezasi chechibereko chinoguma nekunze kwemukati kwemushonga wechibereki.
Chikamu chekumusoro chechizvaro chinopfurikidzwa nemabhati maviri anotungamirirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana murefu anenge 7-10 masentimita. Puraipi imwe neimwe pamucheto wakakura kubva muchibereko inoguma nechemberi mumhando yebhero, panheyo iyo inowanikwa. Pasi peda rimwe nerimwe mazai mavari ari oviductive tissue.
Mwedzi wega wega inobhururuka mumharapa uye anenge mazuva gumi mushure mekuenda kumwedzi inoenda kuchibereko mukati mehubhu kubva pavhavha. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirairo chakakonzerwa chinoumbwa mumuviri kuitira kuti mazai agone kushandiswa. Kana chirongwa chekudywa kweii chisingaitiki, chinopfuura nepamuviri uye chinobuda panze. Mushure memavhiki maviri, imwe nzira yakagadzirirwa yakarongwa yakarasirwawo kunze, uye mazai matsva anogadzirwa kuti awedzere mazai anotevera. Iyi nzira yekusiya zvinhu zvisingashandisi zvataimboshandisa kudana kumwedzi.
Kune nhengo dzomurume dzekubereka ndiwo mamatekete, ayo asati asvika pakaberekwa komukomana ari pamwero weerumbrae yake, asi nenguva yekuzvarwa inotora nzvimbo yawo muzvinyorwa. Mumatare, mbeu inoumbwa. Masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti munhu ane hutano anogona kukanda mamiriyoni mazana maviri evanhu spermatozoa pamusana pekugadzirisa, uye hutachiona hunobudisa hutumbi humwe hunogona kuita mamita 1 kana 1609 mamita refu.
Panguva yekuita zvepabonde, chirume chevarume chakapinda mumukadzi wemukadzi kuburikidza nehutachiona. Kufambira mberi kwepermatozoon yakakura kumuchero mumuviri wemukati inopa miswe yawo yakareba, iyo, inomhanyisa, inofambisa muviri wemhara uye inokurumidza kusvika kusvika 3 mm paminiti. Iyo spermatozoa inokurumidza inotumirwa kuburikidza nechirwere chepachiviri ichi kuenda kune uterine nzvimbo, ichimhanyira kumapapiro nechinangwa chikuru - kuti uite egg. Pakarepo kana chirwere chepermatozoon chinokurumidza kusvika kumazai, inosungira, ichichinja chimiro chayo pakarepo uye inenge isisvikiki kune vasara vanonzi spermatozoa
Ivha inoberekwa inofamba ichienda kumubhedha uterine kuburikidza ne tube, yakagadzirirwa pamadziro uye inotanga kukura kwayo. Iyo michina yakakosha inoshanduka, ichichinjeka mu-placenta, ichiumba "dendere" remwana, uye iri nzira yakananga yekudyisa fetus. Iyo pfupa inotanga kukura nekukurumidza, kuwedzera uye kuva nzvimbo yepamusoro, nerve fibers, mitsipa yeropa inoumbwa - kukura kwomwana kwakatanga.
Mushure mechinguva chiduku mushure mekugadzirirwa kweii masero masero mashoma akangoita masero anotanga kuumba, ayo achangomiririra zvikamu zvemuviri wemwana uye nhengo dzaro. Iko kare panguva iyo hutano hwemwana weramangwana hwakaiswa.
Kuva mudumbu, mwana anogara mumvura inopisa, iyo inodzivirira fetus kubva mukukuvara kunowanzoitika (kana amai, somuenzaniso, vanorova chimwe chinhu). Mukuwedzera, mvura inopa kugara kwekushisa uye nzvimbo isina rusununguko, yakakwana yekutama kwe fetus, kusvikira panguva yekuzvarwa.
Kubudirira kwema fetus kunoitika nokukurumidza zvikuru. Mushure memwedzi, inokura kusvika ku 4 mm uye iri mune chidimbu chiduku chakazara nemvura, maererano nehukuru hwenjiva. Uye mwedzi gare gare, fetus inokura kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi matatu uye yakatove yakanyatsooneka kuti inogona kusiyanisa zvikamu zvomuviri - musoro, maoko, makumbo. Panguva ino mwana wemunguva yemberi ane unhu hwake hwehutano uye circulatory system.
Chirwere chekutora muchibereko chinoitwa kuburikidza nemutsara wembilical, wakabatana ne placenta. Ikopa, iyo iri mukati memukuchi, sefriji, inoparadzanisa zvinhu zvinodikanwa kubva muropa rinouya raamai kune mwana uye rinodzivirira, rinovhara zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Amazing nature! Uye nenguva iyo mwana akaberekwa, tambo ye umbilical inogona kusvika kubva pamasendimita 30 kusvika ku100 cm.
Kureba kwechibereko pamagumo emwedzi wechitatu kunosvika 9 cm, uye uremu hunenge makiromita makumi matatu, mushure memamwe masvondo mana urefu hwakareba masendimita 18, uye uremu hwemucheche hunenge magiramu 120. Panguva ino, basa rakasimba remwoyo rinocherechedza uye zvinogona kugona kuziva zvepabonde remwana weramangwana. Chikamu che fetus chinowedzera kuoneka. Kazhinji, humwe humwe hunobuda hunobuda hunoonekwa huri masvondo 18-19 mushure mekuberekwa.
Nomwedzi wechishanu wekugadzirwa kwe fetus, kureba kwayo kunosvika masendimita 25, uye uremu hwahwo hunenge ma 700 gm. Kune zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa mukurapa apo vana vanozvarwa panguva ino vanopona. Mavhiki makumi matatu mushure mokumbwa pamuviri, pakupera kwemwedzi wechinomwe fetus inofungidzirwa kuva yakanyatsogadzirwa. Iko zvinoonekwa sechinhu chisingadikanwi, apo vana vanozvarwa panguva ino uye vanorarama, pasinei nehuwandu hwakasimbiswa.
Nomwedzi wechisere kureba kwemukomana ari 44 cm uye kwakakodzera zvikuru kukura, kunyange zvazvo kutarisirwa kwakakosha kunodiwa kune vakaberekwa vakadaro. Pashure pemavhiki makumi matatu nemaviri, pamwedzi wegumi nemana mwana anorema anenge 2.27-2.50 kg, nhengo dzake dziri kushanda uye dzakagadziridzwa zvakanaka, asi zvisinei, dzinoda kutarisisa, sezvo zvichionekwa kuti nguva yakazara yenguva yakazara mwana Mwedzi gumi.
Izvo zvakaenzana kuyerwa kwemwana pamasvondo makumi mana ekugadzirwa kwema fetus kunofanira kuva 3.2 -3.4 kg, uye kukwirira kwayo-anenge 48 cm. Panguva ino, kuberekwa kwepanyama kunoitika.
Takapa tsanangudzo pfupi yezvikamu zvekukura kwechizvarirwo chemuviri muchibereko, pasina kufungisisa zvinhu zvekunze, zvakadai sekuti: kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, genetic maitiro, kudya, mafungiro evabereki, zvose panguva yekubata uye panguva yekuita mimba. Zvose izvi zvinokonzera kukura kwe fetus. Hazvibviri kutevera zvinhu zvose, asi vabereki avo vanobatanidzwa mubasa rekuvandudza kwomwana wavo vanofanira kusimba zvose zvakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira: kutarisa hutano hwako kwete panguva yekusununguka, asiwo musati mava nemimba yemwana, uyewo kutarisira hutano hwakaenzana hwepfungwa hweamai. Kuberekwa kusati kwaitika kunoitika kwete nekuda kwechikonzero chepanyama chete, asi zvakare semhaka yekunyanya kunetseka uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Nokudaro, hazvisi zvechimwechete izvo zvinotenda kuti kubudirira kwakanaka kwomwana muchizvaro, zvinokosha kuchengetedza hukama hwemamiriro ehupenyu uye hwepfungwa panguva imwe chete.