Soil
Denga rinotora basa rinokosha mumuti wekupima. Kuonga microflora yevhu uye yehupenyu uye mineral fertilizer inopinda mairi, inoramba ichichinja. Chimiro chayo chinoshanduka, kukwanisa kuchengetedza unyoro. Iyo ivhu inofanira kuonekwa kwete sechinhu chisingazivikanwi, asi sechipenyu chipenyu. Izvo zvinhu zvevhu zvinomiririra pasi penzvimbo iyo yakaumbwa nayo, kubva kubhakitiriya, fungi nemhuka zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa izvo zvakapinda mairi, kubva kune zvinomera pairi, uye kubva kune mamiriro ekunze.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurima uye dzemumba dzinoita zvakanyatsoda zvinodiwa kumamiriro uye unhu hwevhu. Mimwe maruva inokura uye inovandudzika zvakanaka mumiti isina kunyanya kunaka. Uye vamwe, nevakawanda, vanoisa zvikumbiro zvakakura pasi. Nokuda kwekurima maruva, dombo rakaoma ivhu demo, iyo iyo, mushure memvura kana kunwisa, mvura inononoka kwenguva yakareba, haisi yakakodzera pasina kutanga kuvandudza. Uyewo kunotonhora, mhepo ine jecha nematombo, mune jecha nematombo zvakakunda.
Dare rekuchengetwa kwemaruva: Iva nechokwadi chokuti nguva dzose unosunungura ivhu. Kusunungura ivhu kunobatsira kuchengetedza unyoro mairi. Kana zviri nani, physico-makemikari yayo inoshanduka, mvura yaro-mhepo yehurumende inovandudza uye zvinyorwa zviduku zvinowedzera kazhinji. Uye kusunungura kunobata mvura, mhepo uye hutongi hwehurumende. Kudyara kwenyika kunobatsira pakugadziriswa kwebasa rinokosha rezvipembenene, izvo zvinodiwa kuti kuchinjwa kwezvinhu zvive muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemiti.
Fertilizers
Mineral and organic fertilizer, ine mudziyo mumwechete kana kupfuura mumakamuri akakwirira, inoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa kubereka kwevhu nokukurumidza. Uye, nokudaro, inobatsira pakukura kwemavara emisha. Muchidimbu, mineral fertilizer iri nyore, yakavhenganiswa, yakaoma uye yakanyanyisa. Chimwe chezvakanaka zvemamineral fertilizer ndeyekuti zviri nyore kutakura uye zviri nyore kuisa muvhu pane zvisikwa.
Nitric fertilizer use ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate uye urea. Ammonium nitrate ine 33-34% nitrogen, saka iyo inoreva kuiswa mumvura. Yakatorwa muvhu, inopera nyore nyore uye inoshanda nokukurumidza. Iyo inenge isingachinje kugadzirisa kwevhu, saka inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa kwemazamu maviri neasitori uye isina kusimba ivhu. Ammonium sulphate inopera zvakanaka mumvura. Iine anenge 20% nitrogen. Kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kweammonium sulfate, kunyanya kune ivhu rakaoma, kunotungamirira pakuona kwavo. Saka, kana ukacherechedza kuti asidi yevhu inomuka, raimu kana pfupa kudya kunofanira kuwedzerwa kwariri. Kana kuvhara pamwe chete nemimwe mineral fertilizer iyo inokonzera zvinokuvadza zvemammonium sulfate. Kuwedzerwa kweammonium sulfate pamwe chete nemuriwo kunodzivirira ivhu revhu. Urea (carbamide) ndiyo inonyanya kumira yakasimba nitrogen fertilizer. Iine 46% nitrogen.
Phosphate fertilizer . Kazhinji kazhinji, kana kurima mavara emisha, powdery uye granulated superphosphate zvinoshandiswa. Powdered superphosphate isha-fast acting fertilizer uye yakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwephosphorus. Granular superphosphate ine 20-22% phosphorus uye ine muviri wakanaka kupfuura phosphorus. Nokudaro, pakudya mishonga maruva anofanira kupiwa kwaari zvaanoda. Pfupa yefupa ine 29-34% phosphorus, 1.2-1.7% nitrogen uye kusvika 45% calcium (limestone). Yakashandiswa kusima ivhu rakaoma. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, yava kushandiswa kuduku. Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate uye mhuru yemiriwo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pomezium fertilizer yekukura maruva. Potassium chloride ine 54-62.5% ye potassium. Mamwe maruva emaruva haabvumiri potassium chloride, sezvo vakanyanya kuve nehanya neklorini ions muvhu. Potassium sulfate iri pakati pe 45 ne 52% potassium. Mushonga wegorosi ine purogiramu yakasiyana ye potassium, iyo inoparadzaniswa pakati pe20 ne30% zvichienderana nemiti inobva kune iyo inowanikwa. Zvinyorwa zve potassium zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekutsva kwezvirimwa: zviri nani izvo zvinopisa, zvinowedzera zviri mukati me potassium. Mukuwedzera, zvinoenderana nenzira iyo ash inochengetwa. Madota ari pamusoro pemvura yakashata mu potassium.
Organic fertilizer inonyanya kufanana nemiti. Asi vangave vane unhu husina zvimwe zvinhu. Nokudaro, manyowa ega ega anowedzera kubhadharwa nemamineral fertilizer. Organic fertilizers dzinosanganisira manyowa, manyowa, peat uye mazvigadziro anobva mazviri. Imwe yega inogona kushandiswa: mashizha akaora, sindete, sapropel, nezvimwewo.
Chii chinonzi fertilizer? Zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa mumumanyorera zvinonyanya kukosha pakukura nekukura kwemiti. Pamwe chete nemishonga yakakosha (nitrogen, phosphorus uye potasium), misha yemumba inoda zvimwe zvakawanda zvekudya. Zvakadai se: boron, bromine, chlorine, aluminium, iron, iodine, silicon, magnesium, mhangura, molybdenum, sodium, sulfur, zinc. Izvo zvinodiwa mune zviduku zvishoma izvo kazhinji hazvikwanisi kubhadhara kushandiswa kwemafuta.
Dare rekuchengetwa kwemaruva: Panguva imwecheteyo kuunza zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana, unoda kuziva mitemo yekuvhenganisa. Kana kusanganisa kusina kunaka, kuipa kunowanikwa, sezvo zvisikwa zvisina kuchena zvinoonekwa, zvinoderedza kushanda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, hazvikurudzirwi kusanganisa superphosphate ne calcium nitrate. Nzira iyo iri nyore kushandisa mashandisi akagadzirirwa akagadzirwa mumunda wakaisvonaka, wakagadzirirwa mamwe marudzi emaruva. Zvisinei, iyi inofadza chaizvo, kunyanya kana ichikura nhamba yakawanda yemaruva. Mukuwedzera, zvakawanda zvinoenderana neusidity yevhu, iyo yakagadzirwa uye kusagadzikana.
Kugadzirira pasi kusanganiswa kwekudyara mishonga yemumba
Chinhu chokutanga chaunofanira kuziva kana kukura maruva emvura ndeyekuti midzi yezvirimwa inokura mudiki duku yevhu. Nokudaro, ivhu rinofanira kuva rakapfuma muzvimiti uye mabhakitiriya. Mukuwedzera, iwe unodawo kuziva kuti pombi yemvura nguva dzose inomanikidzira zvakaderera kune zvakakosha pane ivhu pane maruva akakurira munzvimbo yakazaruka. Kazhinji, nokuti maruva uye mukati mekushisa maruva akakurira muhari kana pamabhanhire, kusanganiswa kwemunda wegindu kwakagadzirirwa kufungisisa maitiro uye zvinodiwa zvemarudzi mamwe emisha yemumba. Zvinokwanisika kucherechedza zvinotevera zvinonyanya kukosha zvemunda webindu neyemumatare ega: sod land, mashizha, peat land, greenhouse (humus) nyika, heath land, munda wevhu, matanda, pine bark, perlite, jecha rwizi, moss, rakapwanyika marara uye vamwe.
Nyika ye sod inokosha zvikuru sechikamu icho chinopindira munenge mhando dzose dzemasanganiswa enyika. Pamusana pehuwandu hwezvigadziriswa zvirimwa mukati mazvo, inenge iine porous uye inowedzera mune zvinovaka muviri, asi inowanzoita compaction. Nyika isina chiedza, yakasununguka uye yakazara mune zvinovaka muviri. Inowanikwa pamusana pe pereprevaniya mashizha akadonha emuti we coniferous uye miti yakaoma. Iyo yakawanda inoshandiswa mu floriculture, kunyanya kukura zvirimwa zvisingatenderi manyowa. Ivhu rakasvibiswa mumusanganiswa nehututi yakakosha yakakosha kukura yakawanda yemaruva akaumbwa. Izvo zvakakoshawo kudyara dzimwe mbeu, dzakadai sembeu yaBetonia, gloxinia. Mukusanganiswa nevhu peat uye jecha, rinotsiva zvachose iyo definitive heath land. Inyika inotorwa, yakatorwa kubva kumasango e coniferous, ine acid, naizvozvo inoshandiswa mukurima azalea, vanhurium. Kutora kubva kumashizha epoplar, willow, oak uye mamwe miti ndeahutsika hwakanaka, saka haufaniri kushandiswa. Peatland yakachena , yakasununguka uye inopisa-unyoro. Iyo inowanikwa semugumisiro wekuora kwebhokisi peat uye inoshandiswa kuvandudza unhu hweimwe mhando yenyika. Ihwohwo hunhu hwekudya huri hukuru. Kuisa peat muvhu kunowedzera asidi yayo.
Greenhouse nyika inosanganiswa yemvura yakawanda, yakashandiswa kupisa zvivako, uye yakadururira pamusoro payo nyika iyo michero yakakura. Greenhouse nyika yakaiswa nemirwi, semarara, uye pashure penguva pfupi yakagadzirira kushandiswa. Iyo inovandudza muviri uye chemikemikari yevhu inosanganiswa, inogonawo kushandiswa kuvhara pasi. Heather nyika yakajeka uye yakasununguka, inowedzera mune zvinovaka. Iyo inowanikwa nekuda kwekuora kweimwe michero yemhuri yeVereskov. Sezvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuigamuchira, zvinodhura. Inogona kushandiswa zvachose nemusanganiswa wezvikamu zvina zve peat, zvikamu zviviri zvemashizha pasi uye chikamu chimwe chejecha. Munda wemichero unotorwa kubva kune nzvimbo iyo munda yemiti yakasimwa, iyo nguva nenguva yakasanganiswa nehuni uye mineral fertilizer. Iko kukohwa muvhuvhu shure kwekukohwa, uye chete inoshandiswa yakasarudzwa inoshandiswa. Nyika inowanikwa inowanikwa kubva mumatanda akaora, matanda, mafundo, shavings nematanda kubva mumuti wemadota. Muchikamu chayo, iri pedyo nepepeti, asi inoshandiswa kudarika kazhinji, sezvo inokonzera kuwedzera kwe acidity. Inokodzera kukura orchids, ferns nevamiriri vemhuri Bromelgea. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mabhizimisi akatengesa nyika, "yakagadzirwa" neCalifornia minye .
Dare rekuchengetedza maruva: wedzera pasi usati wadyara marara akavezwa. Chinhu chiduku chemazi anopwanyika anonyanya kunyanya kunaya kubva muvhu. Uyezve, nekushaya kwemhepo, inoupa zvakare, nokudaro ichidzivirira ivhu kuti rirege kusveta.
Pakati pezvinhu zvose zvakarongerwa munda wegindu nemasipati muhutano hwakachena chete leaf, heather uye peat zvinoshandiswa kudyara mbeu duku (begonia, gloxinia). Uyewo jecha uye perlite - nokuda kwehuroti zvakagadzirwa nemamwe marudzi eimba mavara. Kana iwe uchivimba nemugadziri, unogona kutenga mishonga yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirirwa. Zvisinei, nehuwandu hwemaruva akakura, kutenga hakusi kudhura. Mukuwedzera, vamwe vanogadzirisa havakwanise kuenzanisa neyero ye mineral fertilizer, iyo inokanganisa kuwedzera kwemavara emumba. Uye nokuda kwesanganiswa yevhu yakagadzirwa nemaoko, iwe unogona kuvhara!
Ungashandura sei maruva ako emusha
Miti yacho inoshandiswa sezvinotevera. Maererano nezvinodiwa zvezvipenyu, gadzirai musanganiswa anodiwa kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzevhu remunda, iyo yakanyoroveswa zvokuti inoputsika kana yakamanikidzwa muruoko. Kuchengetedza zvakanaka mumvura muhari, shandisa sarid uye jecha rakaoma. Mumidziyo yavanofanira kuiswa mumvura, mvura inoshandiswa inoitwa nenzira inotevera: pamugodhi wemvura mumucheto wehari iyo crock inowanikwa nehanzvadzi yepamusoro-soro kumusoro uye kusvika kune imwe yero ganda rakagadzirwa rakagadzirwa rakagadzirwa.
Nekupera kusina kukwana netsvimbo yakananga, zvinyoronyoro kusunungura uye kubvisa nzvimbo yakakwirira yepasi, uye ivhu rakakomberedza midzi rinoputsika uye rinogumburwa nedanda rehari. Imvura yekare yakashambidzwa zvakare. Kana pane miviri yakaora mumaruva, zvino iyo inotemerwa kurarama mishonga. Pasi pemvura yakagadzirirwa muhari, dururira bump revhu rakakosha, wozoisima pakati pemudziyo kuitira kuti mupendero wemudziyo uite 1 cm pasi pehari. Kana mutsi uri pamusoro pemucheto wekumusoro wemudziyo, ipapo mbeu yacho inobviswa uye chikamu chenyika yakadururwa inobviswa. Kana yakanyanya kuderera, wobva wawedzera dzimwe nyika. Nzvimbo iri pakati pevhadhi uye rusvingo rwehari iyo izere nevhu rekudya, uye inowanikwa kakawanda neminwe yezvanza zviviri uye ivhu rakawanda rakawedzerwa. Kana mbeu yacho ichiendeswa kumudziyo wehukuru hwakakura, ipapo ivhu rinobatwa nekanyoronyoro kakanyanyiswa. Zvikepe zvine miti yakasimwa hazvina kuzadzwa nenyika kusvika kumusoro, kuitira kuti inogona kunwisa. Kudyara miti inonwa mvura yakawandisa uye inogara ichidziya, dzimba duku dzine shadhi nemhepo yakanyorova, kwavari munguva yekutora midzi, apo inokurudzirwa kuti igare ichipiswa nemvura.
Paunenge uchikura mamwe marudzi emiti, kushandiswa kunoshandiswa. Kuchinja kune imwe nzira iri pedo nekugadziriswa, iyo inofanira kushandiswa kakawanda panguva imwe chete yekukura maererano neyemichero inokurumidza kukura, kuitira kuti ive yakasimba, yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka. Misiyano pakati pekushandura uye kutengesa ndeyokuti kana panguva yekufambisa kune chikamu chikuru kana chiduku chepasi, uye dzimwe nguva chikamu chemidzi, chinofanira kubviswa, saka panguva yekutenderera pasi rinovhara nemidzi rinoramba risina kunetseka uye rinoshandiswa zvakakwana kune mudziyo mutsva. Nzira yekutengesa yemaruva yakangofanana neyo nzira yekushandura. Mushure mekutengesa, mbeu dzinosungirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neaimbova, uye chete nezuva rakasimba chaizvo ivo pritenyayut
Dare rekuchengetwa kwemaruva: Nekutengesa, kune imwe nzvimbo, zvinokwanisika kuronga nguva yekufema yemiti. Nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengesa, ruzha runoderera, uye pane zvishoma - kunomhanya. Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwekutengesa kunotungamirira mukugadzirwa kwemiti yakasimba uye ine simba.
Vongai mazano anobatsira ekutarisira mavara emisha, unogona kukura zvakanaka chaizvo uye zvinonhuhwirira zvirimwa. Kana maruva akasimwa zvisina kururama, kubva pakuchengetedza kunenge kusina pfungwa!