Kunzvimbo kunofanira kuchengetwa pasi peganda yemarara kana kuti isina kusununguka, yakachena kubva kumasora enyika iri kure nemamita imwe kubva pamutsara weguta (trunk). Nzvimbo yakasara pakati pemvura inogona kushandiswa pakuvakwa kwezvirimwa zvemiriwo, mbatata kana pasi pasi kusvikira pakutanga kwemafuta akanaka emiti. Mumakore anotevera, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza (barbel stripe) kumativi ose ekorona iri munharaunda isina kusimba yemasora.
Mugore rokutanga, hapana kuwedzera fertilizing yemiti inoshandiswa. Kana muti uyu munguva yezhizha hauna kubatanidza mashizha, asi uchiri mupenyu (sezvinowanzoitika nemaperesi), inofanira kuchengetedzwa uye kubatsira munguva yechando. Gore rakatevera iwe uchaona kuti simiti iri kukura kazhinji.
Pamberi penyika isati yasunungurwa, miti yemichero inosungirirwa kana kuti inobatwa neyamu emulsion inokosha. Nyore yakachengeteka inodzivirira matanda kubva pakupisa kwezuva. Muchikamu chezasi, hupfeko hunoputirwa nevhu kuitira kuti mapurisa asakwanisa kupinda mukati. Mune nzvimbo dzinopararira hares, muti unosungirirwa zvachose kana chete nesimbi, uye korona inobatwa neyamu emulsion. Usakanda zvipembenene zvine chepfu mubindu, izvi zvinotungamirira kurufu rwe shiri uye mhuka dzakawanda dzinobatsira.
Kukura kwenyika
Sezvatatoona, ivhu riri mumiganhu pakati pemigwagwa uye mumutsara musati yatanga zvakanaka fruiting (kusvika pamakore mashanu kusvika ku7) inenge isina kusununguka uye yakachena mumasora, uye muchero wekutanga kwemakore 3-4 unochengetwa pasi pehutu hwemagetsi. Pasi pechipupuriro vanosunungura radially kusvika zvakadzika masendimita masere kusvika gumi, miganhu ye korona ndeye gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri masendimita. Kuchengetedza pedo-bhari pasi pemiti yakasvibirira yega yega inenge isingatevedzeri, sezvo inokurudzira kubwinya kwenzvimbo yemidzi. Mune ramangwana, nzvimbo yose pasi pemichero yezvibereko inogona kubviswa, ndiko kuti, simai musanganiswa weuswa husingaperi, hune clover neuswa uswa. Kubva pane zvakasvibirira uswa, midzi isina miti inokurudzirwa: bluegrass, mhashu uswa, fescue, grassgrass maruva, burbot, timothy uswa uye rootless wheatgrass. Iko kusanganiswa kunogona kuva nemhando 5-6 yemiti. Mhepo yakasanganiswa inobatsirawo izvi. Munguva yezhizha, iyo yakareba kusvika pakukura kusvika 12-15 masentimita inogadziriswa, uye masero anoramba ari munzvimbo, kureva kuti, sod-humus litter yakasikwa. Sod-humus system yevhu inogadzirwa mumunda haigadziri miti yemichero panguva yekudiridza, inokurudzira kuve nani kumisa nekuchengetedza michero panguva yekuchengetedza, inovandudza maitiro avo, inowedzera kusagadzikana kwezvibereko kune zvirwere.
Fertilizer fertilization
Zvibereko zvezvibereko zvinoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekushandisa mari yezvibereko, izvo zviri muvhu. Kana kudyara kwemiti kuchiitwa maererano nezvinodiwa, huwandu hwemumanyorera hahupindi kune zvibereko zviviri zvekutanga zvakanaka (kusvika makore mashanu kusvika ku7). Chido chekugadzirisa mushonga chinogona kubuda kana kukura kwegore negore kwemashizha makuru uye mashoma-pasi ari pasi pemasendimita 40-50. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mbeu inenge iripo yekushanda kukura inofanira kudyidzwa nemamineral fertilizer (15-20 g) kana zviyo zvinogadzirwa nemafuta anokwirira (iyo hafu yebhakiti yemushonga wekuku yakaderedzwa mu 8-10 kurambana, pamakiromita akaenzana echitenderera chedu). Miti inoshandiswa inowanikwa mumatsime kana mumvura, ndokudiridza uye kusunungura ivhu. Zvisinei, nitrogen fertilizer haifaniri kutorwa pasina. Izvo, chokwadi, zvichaita kuti kukura kwakanaka kwemafuro, asi panguva imwe chete iyo ichaderedza nguva yakaoma yechando. Muchiitiko ichi, yose inopera nguva yakareba kupfuura masendimita makumi manomwe inopfupiswa kuitira kuti korona isasvike, kureva kuti inogumira kukura kwekukura kusina kubereka.
Kubva kune ivhu remiti yemichero zvakasarudzwa zvezvokudya zvezvibereko - michero uye matavi mashoma akacheka, kana asina kupiswa panzvimbo uye pasina madota. Mari inosvika 1 ton yezvibereko ndeye 3.0-7.0 kg, phosphorus - 1.6-3.0 kg, potassium - 4.0-7.5 kg. Zvichienderana nezvibereko, michero inodzingwa, ion inyanzvi yekuzadza ivhu ne nitrogen uye phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, tichifunga nezveyero yekushandiswa kwayo. Kana zvinodhaka zvirongwa zvinowanikwa, zvinofanirawo kufunga nezvehuwandu hweitrogen, phosphorus potassium muhuwandu hwemumanyorera. Vanotsvakurudza vanoverengeka vakaona kushanda kwakakwana kwemamineral fertilizer pasina kudiridza.
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuisa mushonga. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu eminda, nzira yakakosha yekugadzirisa mbeu, midzi uye foliar fertilizer inokurudzirwa.
Nenzira yakakosha, yega yega uye mineral fertilizer, ivhu yemafuta, zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvinotangwa. Munharaunda yose yebindu, zvinodikanwa kusonganidza kufunganya nekurimwa kwevhu, izvo zvinoita kuti kuiswa kwakadzika kwemidzi muvhu, kunowedzera kushorwa kwemiti kune zvakanyanya. Negore rechitanhatu-rechisere kune rumwe rutivi rwemutsara kubva kumativi ose ekorona, kunze kwemvura, dongo rakabatanidzwa kusvika kune yakafara nekudzika kwe 40-60 masikati.Upamusoro wevhu inenge yakachengetwa zvakasiyana kubva pamatanda ezasi. Potassium fertilizer inogadzira makirogiramu 20-25, uye phosphorus fertilizer - 10-15 gm pamera mita imwe. Kana madhishi achibudiswa, ipapo potaziyamu fertilizer inoderedzwa nehafu kana zvakakwana.
Kuenzanisa kwegore negore ye phosphorus-potassium fertilizer panzvimbo yose yekudyisa muti wemichero inowedzera katatu uye yakadururirwa pamusoro pevhu rakaorera rakakanganiswa kubva mumugero. Pano pano manyowa ega ega anowanikwa pamwero we 5-89 kg pamakiritsi emakiromita uye zvinyorwa zvinokonzera (lime, gypsum, ml, nezvimwewo) mune zvakawanda zvisingakoshi. Nitrogen fertilizer inoshandiswa pachiyero che 20 g pamamita mita. Miti yose inosanganiswa pamwe nevhu uye yakakandwa mumugero, musanganiswa mumugero wacho zvishoma nezvishoma. Isina kuzadzirwa chikamu chemuririro chakafukidzwa nemaruva evhu. Izvi zvinoitika pakarepo mushure mekukohwa. Pashure pemakore maviri kana matatu, imwe rutivi rwemiti yakawanda inobatwa nenzira yakafanana. Kupfeka kwakadaro kunopa chikafu chinowanzogadzirwa chemichero kwemakore mashanu nemashanu. Pakupera kweyi nguva, kushandiswa kwakafanana kunoitwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma pane kukura kwakadzika kwevhu pasi pemiti yemichero, kudya kwakakwana kwezvirimwa uye kushandiswa kunoshandiswa kwema fertilizer.
Fertilizers inogona kuitwa nekubatsira kwe hydrodrill (mumvura yakadzika), uyewo mumatsime akaitwa nejongwe kana kuti masimbi emidziyo (mune yakaoma kana yakasvibisa visiki). Nitrogen fertilizer inoshandiswa gore negore kusvika pakadzika masendimita makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu. Pamiti yejecha, zviri nani kuvaudza chikamu: 1/3 yezvakaverengwa zvinowanikwa - mukutanga kwegore shure kwekunaya kwechando, 1-3 - muchikamu chekukura kwekushanda kwemafuro uye 1/3 - mushure mekukohwa. Munzvimbo dzine ivhu rakaorera uye rakabatana, hafu yenguva yakatarwa yakawanda ye nitrogen fertilizer inotanga mangwanani ekutanga, imwe hafu mushure mekukohwa. Mugore re phosphorus-potassium fertilizer application uye manyowa, chizere chakakwana che nitrogen fertilizer chinowedzerwa kwavari mushure mekukohwa.Inzvimbo ye nitrogen, grout inogona kuiswa mumhando yakasanganiswa uye yakasimba yehuku uye mullein.
Mushure mokubviswa kwebindu, zvinobatsira kurapa ne 5-7% urea solution. Kurapa kwakadaro kunovandudza kutora nitrogen chikafu chezvirimwa uye kunoderedza kuderedza kwavo.
Inefficiently pamusoro pekushandiswa kwema fertilizer.
Zvakanaka vamurozhaya!