Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekutsvakurudza dzinoita kuti zvive nyore kuona mamiriro ehutano hwake pachirwere chechiromosomal - kunyange mudumbu raamai. Ndezvipi zvakanakira kusarudzwa kwepabonde, zvinoreva kuti njodzi yehutano hwaamai nemwana asati aberekwa? Chidzidzo chekuberekwa kwevana munguva yemberi chichabvumira amai kuti vave nechivimbo chokuti mwana wavo ane utano.
Kuongorora kwepabonde kwevakadzi vane pamuviri
Chero mhuri inotarisira mwana ari mumatambudziko uye kusava nechokwadi. Kuvadzinga, kuvimbisa vabereki mune ramangwana, kuongororwa kwepabonde kunogona kuitika munguva uye kunyatsoitwa. Chii ichocho? Kune vanachiremba, shoko rokuti "kuberekwa" rinoratidzirwa neshoko rokuti "kuberekwa". "Kuongorora" kunobva kuChirungu kusvika kune chinyorwa uye zvinoshandurwa se "kupeta". Iyi nzira yekufungisisa yakashandiswa munyika yose kwemakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokusarudza kubva kuwandu hwevakadzi vane pamuviri chaizvoizvo avo vanoda kunyatsotarisa kuongorora. Pamwero wekromosome, iyo nzira inokubvumira kuti ureve: chii chinonzi hutano hwemwana wako asati aberekwa? Kuchengetedza kunonyanya kurongerwa kuchengetedza yakawanda congenital pathologies: Down's disease, neural tube defects (hydrocephalus, spinal cord hernia, nezvimwewo), anterior mimba kukuvara kwemadziro, zvirwere zvepenital moyo, mafungiro nezvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki fetus. Nei zvipembenene zveA Down zvinouya pakutanga mune urongwa urwu?
Nokuti pakati pechecheche inowanzoitika kakawanda, iyo inowanzoitika muUkraine neRussia ndiyo imwe nyaya yekuberekwa kwe 750 kusvika 800. Chidzidzo chekuberekwa kwevana munguva yemberi inobatsira kurwisana nechirwere panguva yekutanga.
Chero mukadzi upi zvake ane pamuviri anotarisira mubvunzo uyu: Mwana wangu ane utano here? Muchembera, achida nemaune kupindira mumuviri - uye wega uye mwana, kana avo vasingazovhiringidzi kuberekwa, kunyange kana kune zvakakomba zvakanyanya muhutano hwemucheche.
Kuwanda kwekuputsa mukugadzirwa kwemwana asati aberekwa kunogona kuonekwa pashure pemasvondo gumi nemana ekuberekwa.
Paunenge uchitarisa mukati mekutanga kwemwedzi (kusvika kumasvondo gumi nemana), kururamisa kwekuongorora kunenge 90%, uye mupiri (masvondo 15-16) - 60%.
Kuti uratidze zvakazara kuvapo kwechirwere chechiromosomal mumwana, nzira yekuvhiringidzika inofanira kuitwa pakarepo (nzira dzekunyatsoongorora, kusanganisira kurapwa kwechiremba mumamai nemwana), kunyange pasina mhinduro yekuongorora. Izvozvo zvinowanzoitika haisi 100% chivimbiso chekuzvarwa kwemwana ane utano. Sei uchida kombiyuta kuverenga?
Kuongororwa kwemigumisiro yekusati kwatanga kuongorora yenguva yeramangwana nekuongorora kunze kwekombiyuta kuverenga kwehutano hwekuberekwa nechromosomal zvisiri izvo hazvisi kudzidzisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, vamwe varwere vanotora muedzo mu laboratories uye vouya kuna chiremba nemigumisiro pasina kuverenga dambudziko. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hazvibviri kuongorora kana mai vari pangozi.
Uye haisi ngozi here?
Nzira dzekuongorora nekudzidza kwepabonde kwevana remangwana dzinodzidza zvakachengeteka. Kuongorora kunoitwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana yekudzivirira. Panguva ino, zvinoratidzika zvichiratidza kuti kutarisa kwepabonde kwezvirwere zvechromosomal mumutambo wekutanga wekuita pamuviri kunobatsira kwazvo, kubvira masvondo 11 kusvika ku14. Nenzira, nguva yekuita zvepabonde inofanira kuongororwa kwete kubva kune zuva rinotarisirwa rokubata pamuviri, asi kubva pazuva rokutanga romwedzi wapera. Zvose zviratidzo zvekuongorora zvinopinda purogiramu yakakonzerwa yemakombiyuta, iyo inosanganisira makore emukadzi, uremu hwake, nhoroondo yekubata pamuviri uye kuberekwa. Mushure meizvi, purogiramu yekombiyuta inotarisa pangozi yega yega yekuva nemwana ane chromosomal zvisiri izvo. Uye kana yakakwirira, vanachiremba vakadaro vanogona kurumbidza nzira dzakadaro dzakarurama dzokugadzirisa chromosome yakagadzirwa ne fetus: chorionic villus biopsy, amniocentesis ane amniotic fluid uye cordocentesis (munyaya iyi, ongorora umbilical cord ropa recheche).
Ndeipi nzira yekuongorora uye kudzidza kwepabonde kwemwana ari mberi achasarudza?
Kudzidza yevillus chorion (placenta yemberi). Inoitwa kubva kumavhiki gumi ekuzvitakura. Inobvumira kuziva kuti kuvepo / kusavapo kwezvirwere mumavambo ekutanga. Dambudziko guru rekubvisa pamuviri (2 - 3%). Varwere vane ngozi yakawanda yekuva nemwana ane chromosomal isina kunaka.
Kuongorora Amniocentesis
Inoitwa pamasvondo 16-17 ekudzivirira. Fetal cells "inotenderera" mumamniotic fluid inoongororwa. Iyo nzira ndiyo yakachengeteka pakuchengetedza pamuviri, mukana wokubvisa pamuviri hauiti kudarika 0.2%. Nguva yakareba yakakwana yekuzvitakura. Zvinotora masvondo 2-3 kuti uwane mugumisiro.
Varwere vane njodzi yepamusoro yekuva nemwana ane chromosomal zvisiri izvo.
Ndiani anokurudzirwa cordocentesis
Fetal blood test. Inobatwa kwete pasati yemavhiki makumi maviri. Kubudirira kwekuwana chigumisiro kwakakosha kunyange pakupera kwekuita pamuviri. Dambudziko guru rezvinetso, saka, haritomboshandiswa. Amai vane ngozi yakawanda yokuva nemwana ane chromosomal zvisiri izvo.
Ndezvipi zvinokuvadza kupindira kwekuvhiringidza uye kudzidza kwepabonde kwevana remangwana nekuda kweamai nechecheche?
Dzidzo dzakawanda dzinosimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro aya, kunze kwekuti chiremba anonyatsokwanisa uye hapana zvinopesana nenguva yekudzidza. Kana, pakubata pamuviri, zvinetso zvinowanika, chiremba anoramba kuita zvinoshandiswa.