Otorhinurgists vanofanira kushanda munzvimbo yakaoma: iyo yevheti yemubhedha inongova imwe cubic centimita. Heino mutezo wekunzwa, nhengo yehutano, hutachiona hwemaziso. Chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka chinogona kuguma zvinoshamisa, nokuti kukanganisa kune chimwe chezvikamu izvi zvinokonzerwa nokurasikirwa kwekunzwa, zvinetso ne-vestibular apparatus, kukanganisa kwechitarisiko chemaziso. Kunyanya varwere vanorwadza vari kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekupedzisira: nekushungurudzika kwakadaro munhu haagoni kunzwa akanzwa munzanga. MuInited of Otolaryngology. AI Kolomiychenko, vanachiremba vakaita zvishamiso zvechokwadi.
Kupindira kwekuvhiya kungave kwakakosha kune zvirwere zvepakati chenzeve, chisingagumi otitis, kana pane kukanganisa kwechimbani chinonzi tympanic (perforation) - kuumbwa kwehongo mairi. Tinogadzirisa kukanganisa kwechimbande che tympanic uye, kana zvichifanira, kunyange kuchidzorera zvakare. Isu tinotora chikamu chemafisi emukati mushure uye tinoumba nhengo itsva kubva mairi. Akaiswa panzvimbo yeainge akanganisa, iyo inozadza zvizere mabasa ayo.
Chii chinokonzera kukanganisa eardrum?
Chikonzero chinowanzoitika pakurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekunzwa, izvo zvakaoma kurapa, chirwere chisingaperi chisingave chekati, uye chinonyanya kuonekwa, icho chinokonzerwa nevarwere pachavo, ndiyo tsika yekuchenesa nzeve nehutano hwehutsanana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kushungurudzika, kunokonzera kupisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, kukuvara uku kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kwegomba.
Uye nzira yekuchenesa sei nzeve yako?
Kushandisa sipton swabs kuti utarisire munzeve yekunzwa kunze, asi usina kupinda mukati mekunze. Kana zvisina kudaro, iwe unosundira sulfuri kusvika pambhedha, uye chete muongorori anogona kuitora kubva ipapo.
Nzeve yedu ine mano akasiyana-siyana ekuzvichenesa. Munguva yekutenderera kwemasisita echitarisiko, chikamu chekunze chengano inonzwa, chinosangana nejaya riri pasi. Nzira yekuongorora inotanga kufamba, uye sarufa inodzingwa kunze. Kuti ubvise izvo zvingaita sezvisingakoshi iwe haufaniri kuva - maitiro akadaro anogona kuguma zvakashata. Kana shingurusi inogadzirwa, unoda rubatsiro rweyanyanzvi. Nzeve inoshambidzwa kana kubudiswa nechokushandisa chakakosha.
Vamwe vanhu vane marwadzo munzeve vanobatwa vakasununguka. Ndingaita sei izvi ndisingazvikuvadzi ini?
Izvi hazvifaniri kuitwa . Semuenzaniso, haugone kuregera chero chinhu munzeve yako pakarepo. Otitis inorapwa maererano neurongwa hunotsanangurwa ne otolaryngologist. Mamwe madonhwe ane maantibayoti emhando yakashata, kushandiswa kusingadzorwiki kunogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwekunzwa kana kusakwana kwekunzwa. Izvi zvinoitika kana paine purefu (gomba mu membrane). Iyi mari inorayirwa nekunze otitis chete kana iyo membrane yakakwana. Kana otitis media inowanika, inokuvadza! Iwe haugoni kubhadhara doro rinodhaka kana kuti camphor mafuta pasina chirongwa chechiremba - mishonga iyi inewo zvinopesana. Nokuchenjerera kwakanyanya, munhu anofanirwa kutaurira nzira dzevanhu dzekurapa. Somuenzaniso, gore roga roga tinoruramisa migumisiro yechirwere nemakenduru: dzinodzivira pedyo nenzeve, yakisi inoyerera munzeve yekunzwa uye yakasimba yakavhara eardrum. Inogona kungoitwa chirwere.
Dzimwe nguva munhu anonyunyuta pamusoro pokurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kunyange zvazvo asina kumbotambura ne otitis.
Izvi zvinoitika, somuenzaniso, ne otosclerosis. Stroke - pfupa duku-rinorasikirwa nekufamba nekuda kwekuparadzwa kweessicle yekunze kwenzeve. Kana chete iyo ossicle yokuongorora inokuvadza, kunzwa kunogona kudzorerwa. Asi apo ruzivo rwekuongorora rwakatamburawo, zvigadzirwa zvekuongorora zvinodiwa.
Basa racho riri kuitika sei uye rinotora nguva yakareba sei?
Nekurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekunzwa, kurapwa kunokosha, kusanganisira chirwere. Kupindira kwekuvhiya kunoshandiswa uchishandisa microscope, kuburikidza nenzeve inofungidzirwa (inonzi bone shoma 4 cm in depth uye inopfuura 1 cm muhupamhi). Mumwe chiremba anovhiya anoita basa iri kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Pave patafura yekushandisa, murwere anotanga kunzwa.
Vagari vemaguta makuru vanowedzera kuwedzera pakunzwa. Kupfuura iyo yakazara?
Mhere-mhere dzomumatope, asi haisi sekuparadza sezvakakwirira, inzwi guru. Mimhanzi mu discotheques, mafirimu ane huwandu hwevhesi, in-ear earphones inonyanyisa uye ine ruremekedzo kune mutsindo wekuongorora. Ita hurukuro yemakona makuru ane mhepo inoputika. Mushure mokunge mutinhe wakanyanya, mitsipa inotora nguva yekuwanazve. Kana iwe uchirwisa kusingagumi mutsara wekuongorora nekudanidzira kukuru, iye, pamagumo, haazomiri: saka iwe unogona kurasikirwa nekunzwa kwako. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa izvi munguva uye kutora matanho akakodzera.
Pakutanga, mwana akaberekwa asinganzwi aizotongerwa kurwirwa kweupenyu hwose. Nhasi unopa vana ava mufaro wekunzwa. Iwe wakambove uchiita sei maitiro akafanana muchikoro chako? Yokutanga kuiswa kwechinyorwa muSoviet Union yakaitwa muna 1991. Yakaitwa naPurofesa wake Sushko, uye Ini, sechiremba wechiremba wokutanga, akabatsira. Kubvira ipapo, anenge 250 mapiritsi akaitwa muUkraine. Munyika, pane 12-20 maitiro akadaro kusvika mamiriyoni vagari. Zvakakodzera kutevedzera ndezvakaitika kuCroatia, umo vana vane matsi vanobatsirwa munyika yose. Kana mwana achangoberekwa akadaro, uyo anofambisa mafoni anodana vose vashandisi kuti vauye chete $ 1 mumwe nomumwe. Pakupedzisira, dambudziko iri rakagadziriswa munyika. Ndinotenda kuti muUkraine izvi zvinogonawo. Vanhu vanoremekedzwa nekunzwa vanenge vasingabatsiri munharaunda yedu, kunyange zvazvo vachida zvikuru kunzwisisa uye kutsigirwa. Zvakawanda kwatiri kuzvidemba, vazhinji vavo vanoramba vari voga nematambudziko avo, vachizvigadzirisa pasina matambudziko avo.
Chii chinoita kuti munhu awane matsi?
Craniocerebral kukuvara, izvo zvakakonzera kukanganisa kwenzara yekuongorora, zvirwere zvinotapukira. Muvanhu vane matsi, mikana yekuwanazve kunzwa ndeyepamusoro. Nguva yekudzikinura kwavari inopfuura nokukurumidza zvikuru: mushure memwedzi mishomanana vanogona kutaurirana nefoni. Mumakiriniki edu, mamwe matambudziko anowanikwa nenzeve microsurgery ari kutaridzirwa, iyo inofadza nzvimbo dze otolaryngology uye neurosurgery. Somuenzaniso, chizuru, runyoro rwekunzwa. Isu tinoitawo chimiro chemaziso epurasitiki, tichichidzorera mushure mekukuvara kwechiremera.
Sei runyanga munzeve?
Pamusana pekutsamwirwa kana kuwedzerwa kwehutano hwehutano hwemagetsi kana chekugadzirisa mutsara - nokuda kwekukuvara kupi zvayo mukichlea. Zvichienderana nezvikonzero zvakakonzera ruzha, kurapwa kunoitwa mune dhipatimendi remagetsi, kana nesu. Inzwa inoputika mumakumbo pamisungo yepamusoro kana kuti inoputika. Muchiitiko ichi, murwere, mukunze nekunzwa kwehutano, anorasikirwa nehutano, hutano hwake hunochinja, chiso chake chinotambura. Muzviitiko izvi, kushanda kunoratidzwa. Kubviswa kweronda ratinoshandisa kuburikidza nefupa remukati kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwe nzeve (zvakasiyana neurosurgeons, iyo inoshandura tsvina yehenya, ichizarura posterior cranial fossa). Kuwanika kwedu hakugoni kunetsa. Kubvira gore rapera, nevekuvhura muUkraine yekiriniki yekutanga yeEurope muEurope, yakave yakakwanisa kushandisa imwe nzira yekurapa matumire - cyberknife inoparadza tumarara ne gamma rays isina kukuvadza uropi uye hutano hwakanaka. Iyi ndiyo inyanzvi yakawanda kwazvo yemazuva ano. MuSt. Petersburg neMoscow, nehumwe uchapupu, gamma knife inoshandiswa.
Zvinogona here kuchengetedza kunzwa?
Kuziva kuderera kwekunzwa, pakarepo enda kunechiremba. Achawana zvikonzero uye anopa kurapa kwakakwana. Pakunzwa kunogona kuratidzira kuwedzera kwehutano, chirwere cheshuga, chirwere chechiropa, kushushikana, kuora ropa, hupenyu hwehupfungwa hutano, tumarara. Kunzwa kurasikirwa mukukwegura hakusi chirwere, asi kuratidzwa kwekuchinja kwehutano mumuviri. Nokudaro, kwezera rimwe nerimwe pane rheveti yemaketometric. Vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa havafaniri kunetseka kushandisa shanduro dzekunzwa.
Ndeapi mazano anobatsira munguva inozorora yokushambira?
Muzhizha, otitis externa, zvirwere zvefungal zvinowanzoitika. Mushure mokubva mumvura, usakurumidza kupinda mumumvuri wakaoma, kuitira kuti usanyanya kuderedza nzeve dzako. Mushure mechidziva, shandisai mhepo yakasviba yakaoma-yakagadzirwa uye nzvimbo inonaya inokuvadza kuputika.
Nzira yekuongorora inogona kuchengetedzwa nekotoni bhora, yakasimwa nefuta petroleum jelly kana mafuta ekisi, kana mapepa emakumbo. Asi usatorwa! Somuenzaniso, ndaimbofanira kuponesa mudzimai uyo, panguva yekugeza, akazora nzeve dzake ne chewing gum. Somugumisiro, zvaive zvakakosha kubvisa rudzi rwakadaro rwe "kuchengetedza" kuongororwa. Zvakanaka kuti takakwanisa kusakonzera eardrum panguva imwe chete.