Aukuba inogara iri mabhuruu, mashizha ayo ndeaikanda, uye maruva anounganidzwa muboka uye ane ruvara rwebhuruu rutsvuku. Ikoko mune simbi muKorea, Japan, China uye Himalaya. Zvakajairika kutarisa Aukuba Japanese. Nezvemukati miti inenge aukuba Japanese nhasi uye ichakurukurwa.
Aukube akapiwa zita rechipiri rokuti "goridhe", nokuti chimiro chinoratidzika chisingajairika kuti vazhinji vanofambira vaishanyira East Asia vakanyatsoteerera shrub. VaJapan vakada miti iyi zvikuru uye vakaedza nenzira dzose dzingagona kudzivirira kutengesa kwayo kubva munyika. Zvisinei, pamagumo ezana remakore reXVII zvakange zvichikwanisa kuunza the aukuba kuEurope. Miti yacho yakakura, yakabereka, yakabereka michero yakanga isina mbeu. Aukuba ishizha dioecious. Akaunza chimiro chimwechete chaiva chikadzi uye nekuda kwekushaya kwemuti wemurume, kusvibiswa hakuna kushanda. Makumi makumi emakore mashomanana gare gare, nyanzvi yeBotune yakaramba ichiunza chimiro chemurume, kubvira panguva iyoyo aukuba uye yakatanga kupararira zvakanyanya semucheka wekugadzira mapurisa.
Kwenguva yokutanga Japanese aucuba yakaonekwa muEurope muna 1783. Iyo aukuba inoparadzirwa nyore nyore nemucheka uye mbeu. Pamusana pokubereka kwayo kusingawanzoreruki uye nyore, simiti yacho yakakurumidza kupararira munzvimbo yakazaruka. Yakanga yakanyanya kushandiswa kupfekedza makamuri uye matoro. Kunyanya zvisingawanzwisisi ndezvipenyu nemashizha akanaka, pane pane chimiro chekoro maduku kana mavara makuru. Chimiro chakadaro pamashizha chinoita kuti chiita sechitinha chendarama kana chikamu chesausage. Nemhaka yekuenzanisa uku pakati pevanhu, chimiro ichi chakanzi "muti wegasi" kana kuti "muti wegoridhe".
Aina
Aukuba Himalayan is evergreen plant, shrubs inogona kukura kusvika mamita 4 pakureba. Imba yeAhimaalayan aukuba in Central Asia. Mashizha emhando iyi ane mavara akasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, lanceolate kana oblong-lanceolate, dentate kana mumuganhu wakazara, unoitika pachikamu chenguva refu kana kuti pfupi, yakasvibirira, kazhinji kemavara. Inokurudzira the aucuba nemaruva maduku, asingatauri zvachose muchimiro. Maruva unisexual, varume nevakadzi vari pane zvienzaniso zvakasiyana.
Japanese aukuba isiri yemiti, yakashamisa, yakambove yakakurumbira nevagari veJapan neChina. Mhuka iyi inoratidzika segwenzi rine ruvara rwemavara ane ruvara rune mashizha ane mashizha, anosvika kureba kwemasentimita 20, uye yakafara masendimita matanhatu mashizha aya akajeka, haana kutorwa kana kuti akazara, ane mavara. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ane monochromatic mashizha matsvuku, uye ne motley kuve-kutarisa-kutarisika kwekushongedza kunoita kuti unzwe manzwiro ezuva regoridhe pamashizha. Kuvonga neizvi, vanhu vomuguta vakagamuchira zita rokuti "denderedhi". Miti yacho inokura mumaruva maduku, ayo ari mumabvuri emvere, ane maruva kana kuti akajeka. Maruva akafanana-zvepabonde, dioecious uye nhengo ina. Ovary kazhinji isina-yakavharwa, neyande imwe, uye yakapfupika yakafukidzwa koromo uye oblique tsvina. Majikiri aya machena kana kuti akajeka mutsvuku, ane wreath yakagadzirwa kubva mumukombe wakazara. Mbeu, sekutonga, iri pamucheto we endosperm nediki duku.
Kutarisira kwemuti
Aukuba - zvinomera zvinenge zvisinganzwisisiki, zvinoremererwa uye zvinotonhorera uye zvinopisa mumba. Kazhinji yeaoukuba inoda penumbra, asi inokura zvakanaka mumakamuri akadzimara. Zvinyararire zvinyararire mumvuri unoshandiswa kune marudzi akasiyana nemashizha emasophonic. Kuti zvive variegated mashizha zvichengetedze ruvara rwavo, dzinoda kupa chiedza chinopararira.
Nokuda kwekunyatsogadzikana kwekuvekuba iwe unoda kuchengetedza ushamwari hunotonhora. Muzhizha, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti kutonhora hakukwiri kudarika madigiri makumi maviri, zvisinei kuti mbeu icharasikirwa mashizha uye ichakwegura. Munguva iyi, muti unogona kutakurwa kubhandi kana kumunda, asi zvakakosha kuti udzivirire kubva pamagetsi akajeka ezuva, mvura nemhepo. Pakati pevhu, kutonhora kunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika ku12 degrees, uye munguva yechando, kutonhora kunofanira kuenzana kubva kune 8 kusvika ku14 degrees, asi kwete pasi pe 5 degrees. Kana zvisina kudaro, muti unotanga kubvisa mashizha. Kana zvisingakwanisi kupa mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro uye aukuba inochengetwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemugariro, ipapo simiti inoda kumira zvakanaka uye kuperesa nguva dzose.
Muzhizha, minoup inofanira kunwa mvura yakawanda, asi iva nechokwadi chokuti ivhu riri kumusoro rinomiswa zvishoma. Muchikwata uye munguva yechando, simiti inofanira kunwa mvura yakakodzera, inobvumira kuswa zvishoma kwevhu, uye kubva kune yakasimba yakanyorova nzvimbo yakasviba pamashizha angaratidzika.
Aukuba zvinowanzoreva mweya wakaoma, kunyanya zvirimwa zvekare, kuitira kuti iwe unokwanisa kuzviputira pane zvaunoda, uye mumotokari nekupura kwechando ndeyekufanirwa. Kana ikasimwa ichikwira pakushambidza kwema2 digrii, ipapo shandisai zvakanaka, kana musapera zvachose, sekuti mold inogona kuumba.
Mumazuva ekubva kwechando kusvika kuvhuvhuta - ino ndiyo nguva yekukura kwakasimba, - Zvirimwa zvemumba zvinoda kushandiswa nehuni uye mineral top dressing, kuchinja.
Muchirimo, unofanirwa kutema uye kuvhara misoro yehuni kuti uite korona. Mafuro anosara mushure mekuchekerera zvinowanzoshandiswa pakupararira sezvidimbu.
Kukura kunekubu kutorwa munguva yechando, apo minda miduku inofanirwa kuwedzerwa gore roga roga, uye vanhu vakuru zvakakwana kamwe mumakore maviri, kana semidzi yakakoshwa yenyika yose. Midzi yeaoukuba yakaoma zvikuru uye yakaoma, saka nzira yekugadziriswa inofanira kuitwa zvakanyatsonaka. Zvichava zvakanakisisa kumutiro, kana zvisiri kutemwa, asi kudarika, kuchengeta denga revhu, kupinda muhari yakawanda. Pots for an aucuba inofanira kusarudzwa zvakakwana uye yakasununguka.
Iyo ivhu rakakosha kwazvo yeaoukuba mishonga kubva peat, mashizha, clayey-sod uye jecha kana peat, humus, mashizha, turf uye jecha. Zvakanaka zvakakodzera hydroponics kanakuba.
Precautions
Mushonga weAniubus ane uturu! Zvose zvikamu zvaro zvinogona kukonzera kutsamwa kwemukati uye mudumbu, chirwere uye ropa mumuguta. Shenjerera paunosangana nemiti!