Glutamate sodium, nemigumisiro yadzo isati yakanyatsojekeswa, inoshandiswa zvikuru. Wati wakambozvibvunza here kuti nei michina yakawanda kubva pakutsanya kwekutsanya kwekutsanya ("zvokudya zvinokurumidza") ine inonaka yakasikwa yakasikwa? Tinotenga chips, croutons, noodles, masikati masikati uye kashoma kufunga pamusoro pekuti nyama inonaka sei inogadzirwa mune michero isina gramu yenyama. Taida zvokudya zvinokurumidza kudya nekatebhoni, ham, paprika, onion inonhuhwirira nekisiki yakasvibirira, salmon, tese uye kunyange nyeusi caviar ... Izvo zvinonaka uye zvinokurumidza kugadzirirwa. Mumwe anogona kunzwisisa apo vanhu vane nguva shomanana vanotenga zvokudya zvinokurumidza. Asi isu, vanhu vakuru, hatitsvaki kuisa chikafu chakazara nemaviri ezvimedu zvechirispy chips kana kukurumidzira kunwa muto kubva pamapepa epapepa kunyange patinenge tiri pamba. Uye zvakanyanya kupfuura zvose, tinofudza vana vedu.
Chii chinonzi glutamate sodium?
Glutamate sodium inogadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvekuwedzera. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvinogadzirwa nemakwenzi uye inogadzirisa, kugadzirira kwezvinhu zvekudya, kuwedzera sodium glutamate uye kudya kwakagadzirirwa. Kuva nekristalline, saruminium glutamate inopera zvakanaka mumvura. Inoshandiswa kuwedzera kukora uye kunhuwa kwezvibereko zvemhuka, kunoderedza shuva uye inorwadza shure.
Maererano ne "Encyclopaedic tsanangudzo yemishonga", sodium glutamate inonzi monosodium munyu we glutamic acid, inoshandiswa kusimbisa kukanganiswa kwezvokudya zvegango, inyama inogadziriswa, nyama, nezvimwewo. Kana ikatorwa muhuwandu, kushaya simba, kushungurudzika, chizuru, chiso chemaziso, kusagadzikana kunotyisa kunzwika mudumbu kunogona kutaurwa. Sezvatinoona, migumisiro yemigumisiro kubva mukushandiswa kwe-sodium glutamate yakasimbiswa nesayenzi.
Iyo inoumba glutamate sodium kubva ku glutamic acid, iyo iri chikamu cheprotein akawanda. Asi mune zvisikwa zvechisikigo muhusununguko rusununguko hazviwanzovi uye zvakakwana mumari shoma. Nekuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba, kuvhenekera kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka kunobva, kuwedzera kwegutamic acid kunoderera. Uye pamwe nayo, kunhu uye kunakidza kwe nyama kunoderedzwa. Ndicho chikonzero nei kazhinji mumashandiro ezvokudya, sodium glutamate inowedzerwa kumaseji uye zvokudya zvekakini. Uye kana nyama isina kukwana muzvigadzirwa zvezvokudya uye vazhinji vevabereki vayo vasina kutendeseka vanotsiva, somuenzaniso, soy - ipapo glutamate ye sodium inenge isingagoneki! Izvo zvinokonzerwa ne glutamate sodium kuti soy sausage inowana nyama yekuvhenekera nyama uye kunhuwa.
Kunze, sodium glutamate yakafanana neshuga uye munyu. Asi ane ruvara rwakasiyana. VaJapan vanomushevedza kuti "umami", kumadokero nyika inonzi "savory" - muto-wakafanana. Glutamate, kuburikidza nekuzivikanwa kwayo, yava mambo chaiye wekusimudzira. Munyika yezvokudya nhasi, inogona kukwikwidzana, zvichida, chete nematafura emunyu.
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zve sodium glutamate
Muchirevo chinotyisa chehupenyu hwemazuva ano, "kudya kwakakurumidza" kwakatanga midzi nokukurumidza, kuchipa nguva yakawedzerwa inokosha yebasa uye mamwe matambudziko anooma. Asi nyika yekuMadokero ndiyo yekutanga yekurira alarm: kudya nokukurumidza chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzera kudya kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kuwedzera. Vakura vakura America vakakurumidza kutora mauto kurwisana naMcDonald's, vachikumbira kuti mabiko ezvokudya zvinokurumidza abve kubva "chiso" chenyika yavo. Zvakanaka, "McDonald's" ichanyangarika - kuchava nekushanduka kukuru kana tsika yemamiriyoni evanhu kudya "inonaka" uye inogutsa "inokurumidza kudya" yakanyatsosimbiswa? Zvokudya zvinoratidzira zviri kuputika kubva ipapo zvose uye apa. Zvokudya zvakakanyiwa ne sodium glutamate, zvakatora nzvimbo dzedu dzekudya zvekumba uye hypermarkets, dzakagadzirirwa muzvitoro zviduku munzira yezuva redu uye mumisika dzisingabviri.
Asi iwe wakambotanga kufunga pamusoro pokuti kunakirwa kwakanaka uku kunobva pakudya zvakakurumidza? Mhinduro yacho iri nyore: zvokudya zvinowedzera, uye kutanga kwezvose - sodium glutamate. Vanachiremba vanonyatsotaura kuti glutamate sodium inotiita bhulimans. Ndizvo - zvokudya vanodya. Tarisa pazvikamu zveInternet sites, regai "kutsvaga" murairo we "pfungwa" ye "sodium glutamate" - dzidza zvakawanda zvekuziva!
Mabhegi akasvibirira ne-bouillon cubes uye nguva dzinowanzoshongedzwa nemabhedha emaruva. Vanokonzera kushamwaridzana nezvokudya zvinonaka uye zvine utano. Chaizvoizvo, mishonga yakawanda inowanikwa mumakemikari ezvokudya nekuwedzerwa kwemiti yemichero nemafuta. Uye haisi chokwadi chokuti kuchava nezvibereko zvezvisikwa zvakawanda! Mukuwedzera kumakemikari, inenge hafu yekubwinya kwemakubhi uye seasonings inogadzirwa munyu. Somugumisiro, ufeve hunobuda hunoiswa munyu uye "huputika". Asi mugove wemichero yakasvibiswa hairatidzike pachayo, asi nehuwandu huwandu. Panguva imwe chete, chikamu chavo chemazana chikamu chiduku kudarika chema salt. Chinhu chechitatu chezvinonhuwira zvakawanda, broths uye zvinowedzera zvinonaka zvinowedzera: inosinate uye sodium glutamate. Vanopa mukana wezvokudya zvakagadzirwa, kwete miriwo nemiriwo. Kazhinji, kuravira zvinogadzirwa zvinowanikwa kwete zvishoma kudarika magidhi uye miriwo yakaomeswa. Vagadziri vanoita zvakanakisisa kuti vashandise zvakanyanya mari yavo kuburikidza nehutano hwedu.
Munhu wese anoziva kuti mitsuko inonaka uye inonaka. Iine minerals uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira. Kunyanya kakawanda mumuti wemuviri wegelatin, ine collagen. Collagen inogadzirwa nemasikirini emasumbu, ganda, vhudzi, masvingo emidziyo yeropa. "Muto wakanaka unomutsa vakafa" - anoverenga chirevo chechiLatini. Asi iyi ndiyo muto wekuwana kubva pamvura yakaoma, saka inomiririra muvaraidzo mumazuva ose ekudhinda nyaya dzeTV? Suces yakagadzirwa nemagetsi nemasobho ane zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira izvo zvinovapa hove kana nyama inonaka. Sezvo kushandisa mashizha emasango kunodhura zvikuru kune muiti.
Disii shoma ye sodium glutamate inobvumira mhizha yezvokudya kuti ichengetedze pahowa, huku, nyama nemimwe michina yemhuka. Mushure mezvose, chigadzirwa chacho chinogona kuiswa pane chidimbu chakazara chenyama zviduku zvevhu zvinokonzerwa nenyama kana kubviswa kwayo. Uye kuitira kuti adzokerezve manzwiro ezvokudya zve nyama, zvakakwana kuti zvinonongedza zvigadzirwa neminwe ye sodium glutamate.
Chii chakashata neicho?
Zvechokwadi mubvunzo uyu uchabvunzwa nevaverengi vakawanda. Kutanga, hazviponesi chete mhizha yezvokudya, asiwo vatengi. Zvokudya zvezvisikwa hazvibatsiri, hazvina kukwana kuti mhuri imwe neimwe igare ikozvino. Chechipiri, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti ugadzirire "zvechokwadi" zvokudya! Zvinopera, "unyengeri hwakanaka". Aiwa, izvi zvinonyengera. Nezvokudya zvinokurumidza, hatiwani zvakakwana amino acid uye zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha mumuviri uri mune zvigadzirwa zvepanyama. Pane kudaro, tinodya maitiro akanaka e sodium glutamate, iyo, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, inoita kuti tibulimans.
Sezvakaitika pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, masayendisiti akawana kuti seiyumu ye glutamate inobatsira kubereka zvinonhuwira uye zvinonaka izvo zvakafanana nezvokudya zvepanyama. Munhu ari mumutauro wacho ane mvumo inogadziriswa ne glutamic acid - iyo ndiyo "mafuta" makuru europi. Glutamic acid inowedzera huchenjeri, inobata kuora mwoyo uye kusava nesimba, inoderedza kuneta. Asi izvi zvinoshanda kune zvakasikwa acid. Izvo zvinogamuchirwa zvinogamuchira zvinokonzera kuti sodium glutamate, kureva kuti, yakagadziriswa yakaitwa monosodium munyu we glutamic acid.
Ichi chakawedzerwa chakabva kuMabvazuva. Mune rimwe mabhuku ekuJapan akatungamirirwa naKikunai Ikeda, muna 1908 nyika yekutanga yokugadzira monosodium glutamate yakawanikwa. Yakasimbisa kunhu uye kunakidza nyama. Uye muna 1947 yakaziviswa kunyika yose kuti zvinonhuwira zvepanyama zvinogona kugadzirwa munguva pfupi mukati memasvingo ema laboratories. Mune izvi tive nechokwadi nhasi.
Mumakore makumi manomwe nemakumi manomwe, dutu guru rakapoteredza saridamu glutamate. Munzvimbo dzakawanda izvi zvakange zvakakonzerwa nekududzirwa uye kukura kwakakura kwehutano hweChina chikafu muWest. Nokukurumidza, iyo inonzi "Chinese restaurant syndrome" yakaonekwa uye inotsanangurwa. Ichi chinhu chisingafadzi chikamu chekuita sodium glutamate. Vashanyi vazhinji kune idzi dzekudyara (pamwe neChinese zabegalovok), vachingodya kudya kwekumabvazuva, munguva pfupi vakaona kubuda kwemafungu anopisa kusvika kumusoro, vakatanga kutumbuka uye kuvhunga. Kunyanya vanhu vanokanganisa kunyange vakagadzira chimiro chechirwere chinokonzerwa nekushayiwa simba. Iyi yechipfuva yechiratidzo yaiva chikonzero chekuwedzera kudzidza nezvekuwedzera kwekudya. Zvakazoitika kuti sodium glutamate inogona kukonzera misoro. Mukuwedzera, inovhara iodini mumuviri. Somugumisiro, nekushayikwa kweododhi, zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuzviratidza pachavo. Kusanganisira kuderedza mvura, kuwedzera kuwanda, zvinetso zvemagetsi.
Glutamate sodium ndiyo tsika inoshandiswa zvikuru muchechi yekumabvazuva. MuThailand, somuenzaniso, mashandisirwo ayo anoshandiswa anosvika magiramu 3 pazuva nemunhu. Zvichida hapana mapoka ekuChinese kwezvokudya haagoni kuita kunze kwechikamu chino.
Akayeuka kuongorora kweAmerica neurophysiologist John Olney, yakaitwa muna 1957. Akaona kuti sodium inonzi glutamate inogona kukonzera uropi hukuvara mumakonzo. Mushure meizvi, glutamate yakatanga kufungidzira kuitika kwezvirwere zvakawanda - kubva pamusoro wepamusoro weAlzheimer's. Vatsoropodzi vanonyanya kutsvaga nezve "chikafu chezvokudya" vakanyungudzwa mumabhero: zvakawanikwa zvakagadzirwa monosodium glutamate ishuini inokurudzira hurongwa hwekutya. Ndicho chikonzero chekuwedzera kuwedzerwa kwemasero europi, zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kusingagadziriswi kune hurongwa hwemitsipa uye uropi hunokura hwomwana. Makore akawanda e glutamate sodium yakanyatsodzidza. Zvizhinji zvekupomerwa zvakarambwa uye kuwedzera kwezvokudya kwaiwanzoonekwa sekuchengeteka. Kunyange zvazvo "Chinese restaurant syndrome" pamwe nekukanganisa kwakaipa pamusoro peAsthma, masayendisiti aifanira kubvuma. Asi pasi pesimba remakambani, bhizinesi rakasimudzwa.
Mazano
Nhasi, sodium glutamate inotenderwa. Ikozvino, inobvumirwa kushandiswa sekuwedzera kwezvokudya uye inoratidzirwa nemitemo Е 621 (pane dzimwe nyika michina - MSG). Inotendwa kuti kana inoshandiswa mumiganhu inonzwisisika, glutamate sodium haizokuvadzi munhu. Nhamba yezuva nezuva yevakuru haifaniri kudarika 1.5 gramu, yevechidiki - 0.5 gramu. Vana vari pasi pemakore matatu kazhinji havafaniri kudya zvokudya zvine glutamate sodium. Yese, yakazara nhasi, maererano nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana, 75-95% yezvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirirwa kana zvimwe zvakagadzirwa.
Ngationei. Zviri pachena, munhoroondo yeimwe yezvinonyanya kushandiswa pakutsvaira kwezvokudya, pfungwa yacho haisati yaiswa. Asi ruzivo runowanikwa runofanira kuramba ruchenjerera isu uye ruchikurudzira kuti tishandure kudya kwedu nekuchengetedza imba. Isu takatakurwa neanogadzirwa kwekicheni dzedu! Simba rakanaka, rinopenya, nemhando dzose dzemabhodhoro emukati, mavheni, marudzi ese emagetsi. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuita nekufambisa kugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvinonaka uye zvine utano. Uye zvino chii chikafu! Asi isu tinowanzoshandisa zvese izvi zvinosanganiswa, vanyengeri, fikisi, juicers, electron-mapanga? Aiwa, hatishanduki pfufu zuva rega rega - mvura inodziya kubva pamaketheni emagetsi, chimwe chinhu chokudziya-mu microwave, zvese zvezvokudya - kubva papepa pakarepo kusvika patafura.
Zvechokwadi, pasina "kudya kwakakurumidza" uye semi-akapedza michina, nhasi hazvikwanisi kwatiri kutarisira. Asi hazvirevi kuti zuva rimwe nerimwe! Kunyange maseji akabikwa, sausages, vanofa vanoita kuti varege kudya kakawanda. Mukuwedzera kune vanosimudzira maitiro ekugadzirwa kwepanyama uye kunhuwa, vanewo mafuta akawanda. Nokudaro, nokuda kwehutano hwavo uye hutano hwevana vavo hunofanira kugadzirirwa isu pachedu! Yakabikwa borscht, porridges, cutlets, omelets, chops, hove uye zvinonyatsonaka saladhi. Yeuka kuti munyaya ye sodium glutamate, migumisiro inogona kuratidzirwa semigumisiro isina kunaka.