Zviratidzo zvehutachiona
Muchiedza, ruvara rwemazuva mashoma kuburikidza neziso harina kunaka. Zvirwere zviduku zvingasaita kuti zvionekwe zviratidzo. Zvikuru zvinogona kuva chikonzero chezviitiko zvinotevera: kuderera kwemaonero anooneka ("fog mumeso") - inoputsa zviito zvese, zvakadai sokuverenga kana kutyaira motokari; chiratidzo chinowanzoipisisa muchiedza chakajeka, uye chiri kure uye pakati; mavara - anogona kuonekwa pane imwe nzvimbo mumunda wekuona; Diplopia (double vision) inogona kuonekwa chete pane rimwe ziso uye inopfuurira apo ziso rechipiri rakavharwa; glaucomatous halos - mhete dzemarangi dzinoonekwa nemurwere panopenya magetsi kana chero zvinhu zvakajeka, zvose zvakapoteredza zvine tenduru yerineni; nyore kuverenga - varwere avo vaida kare magirasi ekuverenga, dzimwe nguva usasashandisa zvakare. Cataract-yakabatana inoshandiswa mu lens shape inowedzera myopia.
Zvinokonzera
Lens clouding inogona kuva: yakabatana nemakore-inokonzera kushanduka inobudirira mu lens; kuberekwa - nemhaka yehutachiona hwepiratine, dzakadai se rubella, kana zvinetso zvemagetsi zvakadai segalactosemia, pamwe chete nepamusoro yegalactose muropa; nhaka - mune dzimwe mhuri kune maitiro ekugadzirisa mararamiro kumusana wehutachiona achiri muduku; kushungurudza - nekuda kwekuvhiringidza kwiso, mavanga anoputika egirazi zvidimbu kana zvidzitiro zvesimbi, kana kushanda kwemaziso akapfuura; kuvhiringidza - varwere vane chronic iris yeziso (iritom) vane ngozi yakawanda; inokonzerwa nechirwere cheshuga - nehupamhi hwehuga muropa, lens rinogona kukuvara; miviri yakareba - ine nguva yakareba yezuva kana mihizha inopisa; inokonzerwa ne corticosteroids - kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwezvinodhaka zveboka iri kunogona kukonzera chirwere; zvakabatana nezvirwere zveganda, zvakadai seatypical dermatitis. Vanorwara nechirwere cheshuga vanoshandisa insulini vanogonawo kutambura nehutachiona pamusana pekushaya simba kwekudya kwejeri reziso.
Diagnostics
Kuongororwa kwehutachiona kunoitwa mushure mekuongororwa kwakazara kweziso kuitira kuti usabvisa zvimwe zvirwere, semuenzaniso glaucoma kana retinal matenda. Varwere vane cataract vanogona kuratidza nzvimbo yemwenje chiedza, vadzidzi vavo vanowanzoita kuchiedza. Muchikwata chepamusoro, lensi inogona kuonekwa yakasviba kana yakachena.
Ophthalmoscopy
Kushandisa ophthalmoscope (chigadzirwa chakakosha chekati chekuongorora ziso), munhu anogona kusimbisa kuvapo kwehutachiona. Kana ruvara rwechiedza ruchipfuura kuburikidza nemudzidzi ari kure nemakiromita anenge 60, rusvingo rwemashure rweziso hunowanzotarisa rutsvuku (saka "maziso matsvuku" anoonekwa mumamwe mifananidzo). Cataract inoonekwa senzvimbo ine rima.
Congenital cataract
Vose vanenge vachangoberekwa, pamwe chete nevana pakati pezera remakore 6 ne8 vhiki dzinofanirwa kuongororwa kune cataract nezvimwe zvirwere zveziso. Makemikari epakistiniti anofanira kubatwa mukati memwedzi mitatu yekutanga yehupenyu. Mukusakosha kwekurapa kwenguva yakakodzera, kukurudzirwa kwemaonero akare kunogona kuvhiringidzwa, kunyange kana chirwere chekare chichibviswa. Ophthalmologists vanoshandisa ophthalmoscope nokuda kwekuongorora kwemukati kweziso, nerubatsiro rwezvinobvira kugonesa kana kusabvisa kuongororwa kwecataract. Hapana hurapi hwehutachiona. Mune matanho ekutanga, magirazi madema anogona kudzivisa kushungurudzwa kweziso kana paine chiedza chakajeka. Kupenya kwakanaka kubva kumusoro uye kumashure kunogona kubatsira nekuverenga.
Operative treatment
Kuvhiya kubvisa cataract (kubviswa kwehutachiona) yakachengeteka uye inoshanda. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kugadziriswa kushanda kune vakwegura. MuRussia, vanopfuura 300 000 cataract extractions vanoitwa gore negore. Pakati pevarwere, zvinofungidzirwa kuti cataract extraction inongororwa chete panguva yekupedzisira, ine kuoneka kwekusaona. Nekushandiswa kwemazuva ano ekugadzira mano, kunonoka mukushanda hakudi. Mu extracapsular cataract extraction, iyo inokosha, denser chikamu che lens (nucleus) inogona kuderedzwa isati yatorwa ne ultrasound. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, varwere vakawanda vanoona kukosha kukuru mune zvakaratidzwa. Zvisinei, kuverenga kunogona kunge kuchida mapepa. Basa racho rinowanzoitwa pasi peanesthesia yemo, ine zuva rimwe chete rokurapa.
Mazano ekuvhiya
Extracapsular extraction ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo inoshandiswa. Achishandisa nzira ye microsurgic, chiremba anobvisa lens kuburikidza nekambiso kadiki kake. Intracapsular extraction inosanganisira kubviswa kwese lens pamwe chete ne capsule, kazhinji nekubatsirwa ne cryoprobe; iyi nzira inoshandiswa panguva ino. Varwere vanowanzofambira nokukurumidza. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushandiswa kwema anti-inflammatory uye antibacterial madonhwe eziso kunodiwa kwevhiki dzinoverengeka. Pasina lens, ziso rinotarira kune kure kure, asi haigone kuisa pfungwa pane zvinhu zviri pedyo. Magirazi kana kuiswa kweganda rekugadzirira kunobatsira kururamisa maonero. Magirazi - anodiwa mushure mekushanda, anowedzera zvinhu zviri pedyo, asi anooma uye anogadzirisa munda wekuona; kushandiswa kwepraocular implants kunodzivirira kushandiswa kwegirazi. Intraocular implants - kukurudzirwa kwetraocular lenses (artificial lenses) yakaitwa kubva muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, apo yakawanikwa kuti zvidimbu zveplexiglas kubva kumakumbo emakumbo, zvichiramba muziso, hazviiti kuti zvikuvadze, kusiyana nemamwe mimwe mitumbi. Mazino akawanda anogadziriswa anovhenekesa ikozvino akaiswa mujeri risina chinhu. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi ekugadzira, kusanganisira yakagadzika polymethyl-methacrylate uye inoenderana neslicone lens, inotanga kuburikidza nechinguva chiduku. Cataract inowedzera kukura nekufamba kwenguva uye inogona kukonzera upofu. Nokudzivisa kuongororwa kwezvokurapa kwemukati kweziso, zvinowedzera kuongororwa kweimwe zvirwere zvemaziso zvinorapa. Basa racho rinodzorerazve maonero akajeka mukusavapo kwerumwe ruzivo rweziso. Munguva yekugadzirisa kushandiswa nehutachiona kudonhwa kunoitwa pamucheto we cornea (nzvimbo yacho yakapoteredzwa nedenderedzwa). Izvi zvinobvumira vanga kukura pasina kumira. Mushure mokunge lens inogadziriswa, sopule thickening dzimwe nguva inocherechedzwa, izvo zvinokonzera kuparara kwekuona kwemaonero. Muchiitiko ichi, laser chirwere chinogona kudiwa. Cataract inowanzokonzera kukanganisa maonero kune vakwegura.