Zvirimara zvemajeri aya zvinosanganisira miti yemichindwe ine ronda ruduku (kazhinji kazhinji zvigunwe), pane zvine mitsetse yakagadzirwa nemhete. Mashizha emiti yacho ane mapapiro, mavara machena machena, mashizha ndea lanceolate, mazamu-erect, akaparadzaniswa pamusoro, ari panzvimbo yakawanda.
Simba rinokura pamusha revhavha rine mbeu inouraya, iyo vagari vemuSouth-East Asia vanoita chese gum ane zita rimwechete rokuti "betel". Iyi cheku gum inonyanya kufarirwa - inoshandiswa seinosimudzira uye nenyota.
Aina.
- Areca triandra Roxb. ex. Buch. - am. kana Areca matsime matatu. Inokura pamucheto weMalacca neIndia. Yakapetwa kazhinji, yakafukidzwa nemapanga mukati mezvindori zvezvigori, imwe neimwe inokura kusvika mamita maviri kana matatu. Iyo yakareba yezvigunwe iri 2.5-5 masentimita. Anosiya zvivako zvezvitatu-tsime kureba kubva kune imwe kusvika kune imwe nehafu hafu, zvakananga. Mafuro emiti inenge yakareba kubva pa 45 kusvika ku 90 masentimita, muhupamhi kubva pa2,5 kusvika ku3,5 masentimita, kumira. Inflorescence axillary, kusvika pamamita refu. Maruva akachena uye anonhuhwirira. Chibereko chacho chinenge masendimita maviri masere. Rudzi urwu rweasca runoonekwa sekunakidza zvikuru, uye runorimwa kunyanya mudzimba dzinotonhora.
- Areca lutescens hort. kana Areca yellowing. Iyi mhuka inewo mamwe mazita: Dypsis lutescens H. Wendl. Beentje & J. Dransf.) Kana Dipsis yellowing uye Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. kana Chrysalidocarpus yellowing. Inokura muMalaysia. Areca yellowing ine chitunha chakananga, chakaonda, chitunha, iyo inowanzosvika mamita gumi pakureba. Mashizha emuti wacho ane mapapiro, akavhara mazamu, anenge 1-1.3 mamita refu. Mashizha acho akaoma uye anosvika kureba 20-35 masentimita, uye yakafara mamita masendimita. Iyo inonzi inoratidzika semhando dzakakosha zvikuru.
- Areca catechu L. kana Areca catechu. Rimwe zita ndiPalma betel. Inokura pamhenderekedzo yekunze kweMalacca, kuEast India uye kune zvitsuwa zveMalawi Archipelago. Imwe chete yemiti yacho yakananga, yakafukidzwa nemaronda emvura, mamita makumi maviri kumusoro, neyetaundi yemamita mashanu kusvika ku12. Mashizha aya anoputika uye anopisa, kusvika kusvika 1.1-1.8 mamita murefu. Mashizha acho akaoma, 40-45 masentimita yakareba uye kusvika kusvika masentimita matatu paupamhi. Iko inflorescence is axillary (kureva kuti, inokura mu axils yemashizha, kazhinji kasi pasi) kusvika 60 masentimita kwenguva refu. Maruva pachawo akachena muvara uye ane unhu hwakanaka. Chibereko murefu ndeche 4-5 masentimita, hupamhi hwe mbeu mbeu 2 cm Mbeu dze catechus dzakatsvuka uye dzinonzi "betel nut". Izvi zvinomera zvinomera zvinoparadza zvikuru.
Kutarisira kwemuti.
Areca ndiwo muti wemuchindwe unodikanwa zvikuru nechiedza chakajeka uye unobvumira chiedza chezuva. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, simiti yakafanana nekukura kumafasera ezasi. Zvisinei, pamusiku unopisa uye wezuva, zviri nani kutema masikati. Miti yacho inosungirirwa zvakanaka uye ine mumvuri usina kukwana, saka yakakodzera kukura kumaodzanyemba nemawindo. Kutenga kana kusajairika kune zuva rinomera rinofanira kunge zvishoma nezvishoma rakadzidzira kuratidza chiedza chezuva, zvisinei kuti rinogona kuwana kanola zuva rinopisa.
Muzhizha, zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza simiti pamhepo yekupisa ye 22-25 ° C. Mune nguva kubva pakuvhuvhurira kusvika gore, kutonhora kunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika 18-23 ° C, asi kwete pasi pe16 ° C. Mukuwedzera, chindwe chinodikanwa kuenderera mberi kwemhepo yakachena. Zvisinei, dzivisa mapurisa.
Mumazuva echando uye zhizha, kunwa kunofanira kunge kwakawanda sezvo nzvimbo yakakwirira yepasi inopera. Mvura yekudiridza inofanira kutorwa kutora uye kusingaperi. Kutanga munguva yekuvhuvhura, simiti inonwiwa zvine mwero uye chete kudzivirira pasi kubva pakuoma. Nyatsocherechedza kuti munguva yekuvhuvhura uye yechando hapana kuwedzera, sezvo iri nengozi kune areca. Panguva ino yegore, shandisai muchindwe mushure mamazuva maviri kana matatu mushure mekukwirira kwevhu rakaoma.
Iyo muromo wenzara unofarira mweya nemvura yakakwirira, kunyanya muzhizha. Muzhizha, uye nguva dzose unosvibisa muti wacho kubva kune tsvina nemvura yakasimba. Mvura inofanira kunge iri kutonhorera. Kurasira kunofanira kuregwa munguva yechando.
Kuzadza simiti inodiwa gore rose. Areques inonyatsokodzera kune mineral fertilizer iyo inowanzochengetedzwa. Iwe unogona kushandisa organic fertilizer. Kudya muti wemichindwe kunokosha kaviri pamwedzi muzhizha uye kamwe chete mwedzi muchando.
Areca inopesana nekutapurika, naizvozvo zvinoshandiswa kuisa mutima, zvichiita kuti mvura iwedzere uye iite zvakare pasi. Matende emisidha munguva yekukura kwekushanda inofanira kuiswa kune gore rose, vanhu vakuru - kamwe chete pamakore matatu kusvika mana. Nokuda kwezvienzero zvinokura mumabhati, iyo yakakwirira yevhu inofanira kuchinjwa gore roga roga pasina kutengesa. Izvo zvakakodzerwa zvakakosha kune ivhu rinosanganiswa nevhu: nyika ine mashizha, mashizha, sande uye humus muchiyero che2: 4: 1: 1. Iyo yakakura muchindwe, iyo inowedzera humus iyo inoda. Uyewo pazasi kwehuni iwe unoda kuisa mvura yakanaka.
Iyi yemichindwe yemumba inobereka mbeu mumwaka wechando-zhizha. Kuti mbeu dzikure nokukurumidza uye kubudirira, zvakakosha kuzvidyara muvhu hunotonhora pamusana wekushisa kwe 23-28C.
Yeuka kuti isca - muti unotyisa, une mamwe alkaloids, kusanganisira iscoline, uye tannins. Areku inoshandiswa sechirwere - simiti inoshanda seyakanaka kwazvo yekare uye inobatsira kubvisa marwere.
Zvinetso zvinogona kuitika.
- Somugumisiro wekukwegura kwepanyama, mashizha ezasi easca angangodonha uye kuwira.
- Iro mazano emashizha emichindwe angave akaora nemhaka yekuoma kwemweya kana kana mbeu yacho ichichengetwa muimba inotonhora.
- Mashizha e-ark anogona kushanduka yellow - ichi ndicho chikonzero chekushayikwa kwemhepo kana kuwedzera kwezuva.
Zvirwere zvinotevera zvinokuvadza pamuti: mealybug, scab, spider mite uye whitefly.