Zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinouraya
Zvinonyadzisa neoplasm zvinogona kuitika chero ipi zvayo. Zvisinei, vazhinji vavo vanowanikwa kune vanhu vakwegura kupfuura makore makumi mashanu. Kazhinji, kenza inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemakore mazhinji pasi pesimba rekubatana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, kudya, maitiro uye nhaka. Zvinokonzera kuonekwa kwemakumbo hazvinyatsonzwisiswi, zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti mamwe mararamiro emararamiro anokwanisa kuderedza zvakanyanya dambudziko rekuwedzera huwandu hwezvirwere zvekenza. Somuenzaniso, kubvisa kusvuta, kudya kwakanaka uye kuenzanisa muviri kunoderedza ngozi yekenza inopfuura 60%.
Kufambira mberi mumishonga
Kunyanya kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwezviremara zvinotyisa zvinowedzera mikana yekupona kwemurwere. Mukuwedzera, kufambira mberi kwemazuva ano pakuziva nzira dzekukura kwavo kwakaderedza kufa uye kupa tariro kunekuvandudza nzira dzakanaka dzokurapa munguva yemberi. Makumi makumi emakore akapfuura, kuongororwa kwekenza kwakasiya tariro shoma yekupona, sezvo paiva nemashoko asina kukwana pamusoro pemamiriro ehutachiona uye kuti ungakunda sei. Nhasi munyika dzakabudirira kusvika kune makumi matanhatu muzana yevatano vese vanorwara nekenza vanorarama makore anopfuura mashanu, izvo zvinonyanya kusimbisa kupfuurira mberi. Nhengo imwe neimwe inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasukisi. Zviremara zvinonyanya kuipa zvinomuka kubva kune imwe yemitatu mikuru miviri yemaviri - epithelial, connective kana hematopoietic.
• Carcinoma inorwarisa tumarara inotangira epithelial tissue (tissue inowedzera pamusoro peganda uye nhengo dzomukati - somuenzaniso, mapapu, mudumbu uye mumatumbo makuru). 90% yezvose zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinouraya zvikwereti.
• Sarcoma inotangira kubva mumagetsi, anosanganisira muscular, bone, cartilaginous uye mafuta. Sarcomas hazviwanzozivikanwi kudarika marinomas, inongororwa chete ne2% yezviremara zvinouraya.
• Leukemia inotanga kubva kuhematopoietic tissue, uye lymphomas inokura kubva kune lymphatic.
Zvinonyadzisa neoplasm zvinowanzoongororwa apo murwere anocherechedza zviratidzo zvisingaoneki uye anobvunza chiremba. Pashure pokunge adzidza anamnesis uye achiita kunyatsoongorora, chiremba anoongorora zviratidzo uye anotungamirira murwere kune unit oncology kuti arambe achiongorora. Mukuongorora kwekenza, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa kutonga kuvapo kana kusavapo kwechiremera chemuviri.
Izvi zvinosanganisira:
• nzira dzekupedzisira, dzichibvumira kuongorora mukati memiviri yemuviri;
• maharareti ekuongororwa;
• maitiro ekufungidzira (kombiyuta uye maginist resonance imaging).
Kana chirwere chikaonekwa, inocologist inokurudzira bhizinesi kuburikidza nokutora chiduku chiduku chemuviri, iyo inobva iongororwa pasi microscope kuti ione kana chironda chacho chiri chakanaka kana chakaipa. Kana chironda chacho chiri chakaipa, danho rekutura rakagadzirirwa.
Nzira dzokurapa
Mazuva ano oncology ine nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa maharaplasms akaipa. Chisarudzo chavo chinoenderana nemhando yemararamiro uye chirwere chechirwere. Iyo nzira huru yekurapa mu oncology ndeyokuti:
• kupindira kwekuvhiya - kusanganisira nzira dzekuvhiya dzinosvibisa uye dzisingasviki;
• Immunotherapy - nzira dzinoshandiswa pakukurudzira maitiro ekuzvidzivirira kwemuviri wemuviri kana kushandisa zvirwere zvinorwisa maitiro emukenza;
• hormone therapy - kushandisa mahomoni kurwisa zvipembenene zvinorwadza;
• Kurapa kwechirwere - kushandiswa kwemairasi ionizing kuti iparadze tumarara;
• Chemotherapy - kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Kusanganiswa kwehutano
Mukurapa kwekenza, pane kazhinji kudiwa kwekubatanidzwa kwezviverengero nzira (somuenzaniso, kuvhiyiwa kana radiotherapy inotevera kutevedzwa kwechemotherapy). Muchiitiko chekurumidza kuonekwa kwechirwere uye kusavapo kwemasastases, kurapwa kwekuvhiya kunowanzopa mhinduro dzakanakisisa. Mune dzimwe mhando dzemakumbo, somuenzaniso, chirwere chekondomu, chirwere cheganda uye kenza yeganda, maitiro mashoma ekuvhiya asingasviki (somuenzaniso, chirwere chemalasi) anogona kushandiswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kupurudza kana kumwe kurapwa kunoitwa kuti uvandudze hupenyu hwemurwere kana kubvisa zviratidzo zvisingafadzi, kunyange kana izvi zvisiri kupa mukana wekuwanazve. Ichi chirwere chinonzi palliative. Kusiyana nekuvhiyiwa, kurapwa kwemazuva ano kunogona kuparadza masero emakenza mashoma akapararira kumativi akakomberedzwa. Mukuwedzera, kune vakwegura kana varwere vasina simba, nzira iyi inowanzosangana nehuwandu hwehutano kupfuura kuvhiyiwa.