Irose Episia (Latin Episcia Mart) ndeyemhuri yeGesnerian. Kubatanidza, maererano nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana, 30-40 marudzi emiti. Dzinokura munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeCentral neSouth America. Izvi zvinomera zvakasvibirira zvinokambaira (tuber-shaped) subterranean tsvuku nemavheji emhepo; Shoots are pubescent. Mashizha ari oga kana akatarisana; vane fomu yakakura yepamusoro, yakavezwa. Maruva evanhukadzi anogadzirirwa mumatanda kana kuti ari oga, akavezwa muchetera mutsvuku kana bhuruu, tubular, ane mabhanhire mashanu. Episia isiri yemiti, yakasununguka kuchenesa, neyo vatangaridzi inogona kutarisana nyore nyore. Vane mavara akanaka kwazvo uye maruva akanaka.
Aina
Kunyorera maruva, mamiriro ayo anotsanangurwa pasi apa, inonyanya kuonekwa mukamuri maonero. Nyika yekwake inonzi iMexico. Ichi chirimwa chinotonhorera, chisingaperi, chine mhando mbiri dzezvipembenene: dzinotarisana nemashizha akavharidzirwa uye dzakareba dzakatetepa. Izvozvo zvinosviba nezera, pane node dzinoona antennae nemwanasikana rosettes. Mashizha mashoma ane 3 cm murefu uye 2 cm muhupamhi. Chimiro chemashizha chakasiyana-siyana-kubva ku-elliptical kuenda kune imwe. Mashizha mashizha ari pasi pemucheto, ruvara rwemavara ruvara nemukatikati wepakati pevara repepuru, velvety pubescent ne short villi. Maruva asina kuchena akachena, mu pharynx ane mahwendefa ane ruvara rwepepuru, pamwe nechemberi maruva ane fringed. Iyi mhuka ine mavara akasiyana-siyana.
Dyara mamiriro
Lighting. Irovicvicle maruva haadi chiedza chezuva, vanofarira chiedza chinopararira. Nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuiswa kwayo ndeyemavirira nemavirira kumadokero. Kazhinji inokura pawindo rekumusoro. Pamawindo ekumaodzanyemba, simiti inofanira kuiswa kunze kwehwindo kana kusimbisa chiedza chakajeka nemucheka kana pepa. Muchando muti unoda kumira zvakanaka.
Kupisa kwehutongi. Mune nguva dzose, kupisa kunofarira kutaridzika kwema 20-25 ° C, usaderedza kutonhora pasi pe18 ° C. Dzivisa mapurisa muvhuvhu nechando.
Kunwisa. Nhamba yemaruva inonyatsopindira kutyorwa kwehurumende yekudiridza. Kwake, kunyanyisa kuderedza uye kusanzwisisa kunopisa kune ngozi. Munguva inotonhora, kubva pakusvika kusvika kwekuvhura, simiti inoda kudiridza yakawanda sezvo nzvimbo yakakwirira yepasi inopera. Mumwaka wechando, rega kudira mvura, asi usabvumira kuti coma yevhu iome. Munguva iyi, shandisai epicure zuva kana maviri mushure mekunge ivhu raoma. Nekudiridza, unofanira kushandisa mvura inonyorera, yakasimba muimba. Ita mvura yakaderera, kuwana madonhwe emvura pamashizha emiti yacho isingadiwi.
Humidity of air. Nokuda kwechido chekuwedzera kwemvura. Usachiputira, kana zvisina kudaro iyo inotungamirira kukuora kwemashizha emuparescent. Kuti kuwedzere mhepo inenge yakakomberedzwa nemuti, iyo inogona kuiswa pamatanda ane peat yakadzika kana kuwedzerwa ivhu. Iva nechokwadi chokuti pasi pehari harigoni kubata mvura. Episia anonzwa akasununguka paanowedzera mumatrariums uye min-greenhouses.
Top dressing. Mune nguva yekukura kwekushanda kwekushaira maruva maruva, mumwaka wechando uye zhizha, fertilizing inoitwa mavhiki maviri. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa sarudzo yakaoma yakawanda yemamineral fertilizer, yakaderedzwa 2 dzimwe nguva kana ichienzaniswa nezvirongwa mumirayiridzo kwavari. Kana iwe ukashandisa organic fertilizers, unofanira kuwedzera zvakare kaviri pane iyo yakakurudzirwa kukanganiswa.
Kugadzirwa kwegwenzi. Tsamba iyi inofanira kuumbwa, sezvo inokura zvakaringana. Mushure mokupenya, iwe unoda kupfupisa tsvina, uye yakabatana ne rosettes kubva pamatavi akachekwa kuti adyara mubako rimwechete, ipapo gwenzi richava rakanyanya kuoma. Ampellar marudzi e epiphy nyore nyore kupararira uye kazhinji anotora midzi mumapopoteredzwa akavakidzana nawo, izvo zvinoderedza kukomba kwavo kukwezva. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kusungira michero kana kuisa potsera, ipapo kunokambaira mitsva hakuna nzvimbo yokutora midzi.
Transplantation. Kudyara kudyarwa kunorudzirwa kuti kuitwe gore negore, zvakanakisisa mutsime. Nekunetseka kusarudza zvakakura, asi pasi potsera. Ivhu rinofanira kunge risina kusimba kana kuti risingaitiki (pH 5.5 - 6.5) yehuwandu hunotevera: mashizha munda, peat (kana kuti gorosi renyika), rwizi rwejecha mune chikamu che2: 1: 1. Kuti riwedzere marara particles uye sphagnum moss. Iyo substrate inogonawo kuva yakasiyana-siyana: mashizha pasi, sande uye peat mune chiyero che2: 1: 1, uyewo pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwe sphagnum uye mararaal particles. Nezvibatanidzwa zvekutengeserana zvinoshandisa "Violet", nezvimwewo. Usakanganwa nezvemvura yakanaka uye yakakura yekunyura pasi pasi pemudziyo.
Kubereka. Zvikamu zvinoparadzirwa vegetatively (cuttings) uye mbeu.
Kuberekwa nekuchekwa kwemichero ndiyo nzira yakajeka yokuberekazve. Shoots ne node dziripo (3-4), asi pasina rutivi rwunoputika runofanira kuiswa mumvura. Usavadzidzisa zvakadzama, anenge masendimita 3-4. Imwe nzira ndeyokudzikisa musikana wekodhi pasina musimba kubva kumunda weamai. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unoda kuisa pikari pedyo nemadzimai echidiki uye prikopat mwanasikana mukupfura muvhu rakanyorova mubheji. Zvinetso nehutambo hwehutemera hazviitiki, rootlets inouya mukati mevhiki imwe chete. Zvisinei, iva nechokwadi chokuti kutonhora kwevhu panguva yehuroti hausi pasi pe + 18 ° C, uye inonyanya kufarirwa ndeye + 25 ° C. Sezvo mbeu duku dzichikura, dzinoiswa mumudziyo 2-3 masentimita pane yakakura kudarika pane imwe yapfuura . Iyo yakakura kudarika yemuumbi wemuenzaniso mukuru munhu masendimita makumi maviri (20 cm). Simba re cuttings ye epiphyles rinogona kubviswa zvakananga muvhu substrate. Zvikwangwani zvinofanira kuparadzaniswa, zvakasimwa muvhu rakare mu 7-9-centimita mapoto uye kuvhara mubhodhi nejasi, nokudaro kugadzira mini-boy.
Dambudziko rekutarisira
Kana mavara epepuru achionekwa pamashizha epicic, zvinoreva kuti mvura inotonhora yakashandiswa mukudiridza muti. Yeuka kuti mvura inofanira kudziya.
Kana mashizha epamba achitsvaira, ipapo simu inosangana nekudarika kwema fertilizer, yakaoma kwazvo uye inopisa kwazvo, uyewo kubva kune zvakananga zuva ravira.
Kana grey patch inowanikwa pamashizha nemaruva e epicia, ipapo muti unobatwa nehosi yakaora kana powdery mildew. Zvirwere izvi zvinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, somuenzaniso, nevhu rekare rinosveta uye muimba isina kunaka.
Kana iyo simiti isingadi kuwedzera, zvino inonzwa kusava nechiedza, kushaya ivhu rekudya, kana kuti nzvimbo yacho inotonhora kana kuti yakaoma mhepo. Mamiriro akafanana anoitika apo zvinyorwa zvechiitiko chacho hazvina kunaka panguva imwe chete, uye nemafuta akawanda ane nitrogenous, uye kazhinji substrate yaoma.
Zvidyara: hove, mealy minye, whitefly, scabies, thrips.