Mumatube, akawanda emvura uye zvinhu izvo muviri unenge uchichida zvinodzokorora zvakare. Allergic kidney nephritis idambudziko rinowanzo mazuva ano. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana, 180 mamita emuginhi wepamusoro inoumbwa zuva nezuva nekuda kwekutsvina, asi 1.5 liter chete inosunungurwa. Nefritis inowanikwa mune zvirwere zvinotevera:
- Glomerulonephritis. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuputika kwe glomeruli, semugumisiro wekushandiswa kwekutsvina kunopera. Iko kunonoka mu slag mumuviri, uye mapuroteni uye masero matsvuku eropa anowira mumuguta. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, pane kuderera kwehuwandu hwemvura yakanyanyisa, iyo inogona kuve yakasvibiswa kana kuti mutsvuku. Ikoko kune kurira kwemaodzanyemba, kumucheto kumashure, maziso, kuwedzerwa kweropa kunobuda. Iyo yakaoma iyo ye glomerulonephritis inogona kufambidzana nekunyengedza, kushungurudza uye kunatswa, nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwemabhongi ane nitrogenous (uremia) muropa.
- Nephrotic syndrome. Urini ine huwandu hwepuroteni, semugumisiro wekunyanyisa kukuru (kudonha) kunowedzera. Pyelonephritis: Imwe kana zvikamu zvose zviri kuwirirwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona, kurwadziwa kunorwadza kwepamusoro kunofambidzana nefivha uye kudengenyeka mumuviri. Muurine, kusvibiswa kweropa kunogona kuonekwa. Muzvirwere zvisingaperi, itsvo dzinoderera muhukuru nekuda kwekuchinja kwechigarire, pamwe nekugoneka kwekugadzikana kwekushaya simba.
- Renal kukundikana. Dhiyabhorosi kukanganisa pamusana pekutanga kunowanzoitika kusinganzwisisiki. Pane imwe nguva gare gare, malaise, kurasikirwa nechido, nguva dzose kunyorera, pruritus, kushungurudza, kurutsa, kugunun'una kweminwe, kupererwa nekuputika, kudzivirirwa uye coma manifest. Mumatambudziko akaoma, itsvo dzinogona kurega kubudisa urini.
- Inonzi glomerulonephritis yakawanda ine zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kukurudzirwa kwayo kunobatanidza neusingaenzaniswi autoimmune reaction, iyo inofambidzana nekukuvara kune glomeruli. Kune mamwe marudzi e nephritis, iyo inokuvadza antigen haizivikanwi. Anozivikanwa antigens anosanganisira mabhakitiriya, marasita uye mavairasi.
- Mabhakitiriya. Chimwe chikonzero chinowanzoitwa glomerulonephritis, kunyanya muvana, utachiona neGulu A beta-hemolytic streptococcus Iyi microorganism ndiyo inokonzera kukonzera tonsillitis, hutachiona hwepakati kana kuti phlegmon (utachiona hwehuputi). Pashure peimwe yezvirwere izvi, glomerulonephritis inogona kukura. Mabhakitiriya akadai salmonella, staphylococcus kana gonococcus anogonawo kutungamirira kuora hwepvo.
- Parasites. Jade inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakadaro semarariya plasmodia (Plasmodium malaria), ropa trematodes (fluke) - schistosomes uye filarias.
- Virusi. Zvirwere zvepachivha, zvinosanganisira mumaspipe, masero, chicken pox, infectious mononucleosis, Coxsackie chirwere, hepatitis A uye B, HIV, inogonawo kuva chikonzero cheNephritis.
Mukuwedzera, kuoma kwekuvhara urini nekuda kweprotate yakakura, chibereko chekuvhara (muvana) ndicho chinokonzera kuti urinary tract infection, iyo inobatanidza nekugadzirwa kwepute pyelonephritis. Zvirwere zvakaperekedzwa nemaune immune response (zvirwere zve autoimmune), kusanganisira systemic lupus erythematosus uye nodular periarteritis, inogonawo kuva chikonzero cheNephritis. Ne systemic lupus erythematosus, iyo glomeruli yeitsvo yakakanganiswa, zvose muvanhu vakuru uye muvana. Nodular periarteritis (arterial wall disease) kazhinji inobata varume vane makore ekumatana uye vakwegura. Iroyi biopsy inogona kuratidza kukanganisa kumasvingo emidziyo yemapurisa emasikirwo akaenzana. Sezvinenge kune dzimwe zvirwere zveputsvo, ruzivo rwakakwana runodikanwa kuti rwugadzire kunyatsoongorora. Kudzidza kwehupowo basa kunosanganisira:
- urini kuongorora - kusarudza kweproteine, erythrocyte uye cylinder content (mashoma microscopic yemasere akafa nemafuta);
- muyero wehuwandu hwemvura yakanyanyisa;
- kuongorora ropa - kusarudza mapuroteni uye nitrogenous slag levels, akadai urea uye creatinine;
- Smears kubva ku pharynx, nzeve uye ganda kuti vaone zvirwere zvebhakitiriya;
- Chifukidzo X-ray - inobvumira kutsanangura kuvapo kwemvura mumapapu uye kuwedzerwa kwemwoyo nekuda kwemvura yakanyanya;
- kuonekwa kwetsvo vachishandisa X-rays uye CT-scans - inoitwa kuvakadzi vanotambura nekudzoka kwechirwere zvirwere; Varume nevana vanorayirwa mushure mechimwe chirwere chechirwere ichi nehutachiona;
- itsvo bhiopsy - vachishandisa chivharo chengoro kuti vatore chiduku chiduku chezviyo zvepso. Nyaya inogadziriswa inodzidzwa pasi pe electron microscope;
- Cystography panguva yekurota - nzira yekuona, iyo inobvumira kusarudza kubudirira kwekubudisa chikwata.
Zvakakosha kuitisa kunyatsorongororwa kwemurwere anotambura nephritis yakaoma, iyo iyo yakawanda yekudhakwa uye yakaderedzwa mvura icharembwa zuva rega rega. Dambudziko reRopa rinofanira kuyerwa nguva dzose. Muchiitiko chekuwedzera kukamanikidzwa, kutungamirirwa kwemishonga yakakodzera inokosha. Kurapa zvirwere, ma antibiotics anoshandiswa. Basa rinokosha rinowedzerwa nekudya nekanyoro munyu. Muvarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya, zvakakosha kuderedza kushandiswa kweprotheni muzvokudya. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kugadzwa kwe corticosteroids uye cyclophosphamide (cytotoxic zvinodhaka). Varwere vanorwara neutsvo kusakatika, iyo inosanganiswa ne glomerulonephritis, inogona kunyorwa hemodialysis. Varwere vane nephrotic syndrome vanokurudzirwa kudya kunowedzera mumunyu. Vamwe vavo vanorayirwa corticosteroid therapy mumatambo makuru, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira kudya kweproteinini mumuginhi. Diuretics inoshandiswa kuwedzera huwandu hwemuti huripo. Izvo zvinorayirwa kuti zvive zvakanyanya edema. Varwere vanotambura neAacuteoneelritis vanoda chirwere chinorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kurapa kwenguva yakakodzera kwekuvhenekera zvirwere muvana zvakakosha kudzivirira kuwedzera kwehutano nekushaya kwepvo munguva yemberi. Kuvhiya kunofanirwa kudzorera ruzivo rwemuti kunogona kudzivirira kukura kwechigarire pyelonephritis.
- Glomerulonephritis nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi. Kufanirwa kwechirwere ichi hakunzwisisiki, saka kuchenjerera kunotevera kunokosha. Vamwe varwere vanokura kusvipa kwepvo mukati memavhiki mashoma kana mwedzi.
- Nephrotic syndrome. Vana vanorwara zvakanaka neroticosteroid therapy. Migumisiro yehutano kune vanhu vakuru yakaipa.
- Acute pyelonephritis. Kazhinji varwere vanoita zvakanaka kumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Zvinogona kuve zvakakodzera kuita chirwere chokuvhiya kuti chidzorere chidimbu chemuti wemvura kana kugadzirisa vesicoureteral reflex.
- Chronic pyelonephritis. Kurapa kwehutano hwepachirwere uye kukundikana kwechirwere kuri kuitika. Chikonzero chekukundikana kwekushaya renal mu 10-15% yemhosva ndiyo glomerulonephritis. Gore roga roga zviuru zvemarudzi munyika yose zvinotapurirwa hemodialysis kana kuti inorwara kupora kuberekwa nekuda kwetsvo kusakundikana. Vazhinji vavo vane varwere vane glomerulonephritis. Chirwere chepfungwa chinowanzojairika ikozvino pyelonephritis.
- Alport syndrome inorwara inokonzera vanhu vanenge 1 000 kubva kune 5000. Mamwe mazwi nezvechirwere ichi: chirwere chinokanganisa varume kupfuura vakadzi; iyo inoratidzirwa nekukudziridza kwekukundikana kwekushaya simba nekunyarara; kunyanya glomeruli yeitsvo; kazhinji chiratidzo chekutanga chechirwere ndiko kuvapo kweropa mumurini.