Anenge munhu wose anenge ane makore makumi mashanu anotambudzika ane imwe nzira yekurasikirwa mupfungwa. Dzimwe nguva kunokanganwa kwepakutanga, apo kamwe kamwe zita remuziviki anozivikanwa kana zita refirimu rinokanganwika. Asi izvi zvichiri kure nehosha. Maitiro akadaro ekukanganwa anowanikwa munenge vanhu vose. Chirwere chaicho chinosanganiswa nekurasikirwa kwechirangaridzo, sekutonga, chinouya zvizhinji gare gare. Uye anonzi chirwere cheAlzheimer.
Imperceptible, kupera zvishoma kwehupfungwa hunotanga nekuumbwa kwemadiki maduku nematombo kwemakumi emakumi emakore zvisati zvaonekwa kutanga kwechirwere. Basa rinowanzoyeuchidza rinosanganisira nzira yekudzidza nekuyeuka. Izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kusina kunetseka kwenzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeuropi neuropi masero (neurons) mukati mavo. Nhengo imwe neimwe yesero yeropa redu ine axxon inoshanda sefoni inotenderera inoita kuti mutsara unetseke kune dzimwe nhengo dzomukati. Neurons inotora mitezo yakawandisa kuburikidza ne dendrites - micheka yakaonda inoparadzanisa nenzira dzakasiyana. Idzo neuroni dzepfungwa dzekutsinhanisa mashoko nezviuru zvemapazi anosanganisira axons uye dendrites, pakuguma kweumwe nomumwe wavo kune synapse iyo inoziva ruzivo rwakananga. Neuron imwe neimwe inenge anenge zana remashizha zana.
Kubvisa ruzivo urwu nekudzorera iyo kunonzi kurangarira. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekubatsirwa kweproteiniti yakakosha, iyo iripo mu cerebral cortex - yechipfuwo chekunze ine grey nyaya. Kwechimwe nguva, ruzivo rwakachengetwa mumusango - chimiro chakakosha sechimiro chegungwa rinowanikwa mumaruva epanguva yeuropi. Inoshanda sekombiyuta yaR RAM, uye nzira yekufambisa mashoko kune imwe nguva yekuyeuka, panguva iyo hippocampus inobatanidza ne cortex yeuropi, yakafanana nekunyora data kune dambudziko rekushandisa.
Mune mamiriro ose ezvinhu, pfungwa dzedu dzinobatwa nemifananidzo yakaonekwa, mhere-mhere inopinda nepfungwa yedu yepamusoro, uye inowira munharaunda yenguva pfupi yekuyeuka. Chengetedzero shoma yeruzivo kubva mukurangarira kwenguva pfupi, tinoyeuka. Nzira yakanakisisa yekuyeuka ruzivo kwenguva yakareba ndeyokuidzokorora, nekuikurumidza kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yekuyeuka kwenguva refu. Kana ruzivo rwacho ruchidzokorora munguva yekuyeuka kwenguva refu, ichange ichingowedzera kana isingagumi uye inogona kushandiswa kwemakore mazhinji.
Nokukwegura, chiyeuchidzo chinoderera. Nekuyeuka kwehutano hwakakosha, zvakaoma zvikuru kuti munhu ayeuke zviitiko zvenguva kupfuura zviitiko zvekare zvakapfuura. Kuyeuka kwepfungwa kunowedzera kuonekwa pashure pemakore makumi mashanu. Kana nguva isati yatanga kuchengetedza hutano hwehuropi, saka kuora kwehupenyu hunoyeuka mupfungwa kunogona kukura kuva chiyero chepfungwa chekushaya simba kwepfungwa. Kuchinja kwouropi hwedu uye kuora kwekuyeuka kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye kunotanga kare kare. Vanhu vane ruzivo rwakanyanya vanotambura nechirwere cheAlzheimer kakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo kutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kuchiratidza kuti iyi handiyo chete chikonzero. Iyo inocherechedza kuti kunyanya kwepfungwa uye kushungurudzika kazhinji kunobatsira zvikuru pakukwegura kweuropi. Hazvina kukosha zvakanyanya kuti chimiro chinotarisirwa. Munguva yekukwegura kweuropi, zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinowedzera, uropi huchibvumirana zvishoma nezvishoma uye atrophies.
Uropi hwemunhu hunorema anenge 1.3 kg. Uropi hwomukadzi hunopfuura 1.2 kg. Zvinotendwa kuti kunyange zvazvo uropi hwomukadzi uye huri pasi, hunoshanda zvakajeka. Somugumisiro, mano eunyanzvi hwevamiriri vevakadzi vakasiyana vakasiyana. Uropi hwevakadzi huno 55% grey, uye mukomana - 50% chete. Izvi zvinotsanangura hukuru hwemitauro uye hukuru hwemitauro kuvakadzi, uye kukwanisa kufamba munzira uye kuona ruzivo rwakaonekwa - kuvanhu.
Nhasi, vanachiremba vane ruzivo uye teknolojia inobvumira kuti vaone kuchinja kwouropi pakutanga. Asi mumwe nomumwe wedu anofanirwa kufungisisa nezvematambudziko edu nekuyeuka kubvira achiri muduku, kwete kuti azvireve kuti ivo vanowanzokanganwa. Imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekuchengetedza hutano hwehuropi nekuvandudza chiyeuchidzo kubasa ndeyekuzivikanwa kweAuropean neurologist, Gary Small. Kune avo vanoda kuchengetedza pfungwa dzakanaka nekuyeuka kukuru, Dr. Small anopa nzira yake, inosanganisira zvitatu.
- Chokutanga ndechekucherechedza, umo munhu anofanira kunyatsonzwisisa ruzivo.
- Yechipiri iri kutora mifananidzo, umo iwe unofanira kuumba mifananidzo yakajeka yemafungiro.
- Chechitatu ndeyekubatana, kureva, kusungirirwa kwemifananidzo yepfungwa kuva imwe.