Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha endocrine ndezvekuti:
• Pituitary gland;
• Utachiona hwehutano;
• zvipembenene zvepathyroid;
• endocrine chikamu chepascreas;
• zvipembenene zvinonzi adrenal;
• Kuita zvepabonde zvipembenene (mazai mumadzimai uye mapeti mumarume).
Basa rehomoni
Basa rezvipembenene zve endocrine riri mukubudiswa kwehomoni zvakananga muropa. Mahomoni akasiyana anogona kunhengo dzemapoka akasiyana emakemikari. Vanotama nehuwandu hweropa, kutungamirira basa rezvikamu zvinongororwa. Dumbu remasero ezvi nhengo idzi dzine mishonga yakagadzikana kune imwe hormone. Semuenzaniso, imwe yehomoni inokonzera masero ane simba kuti abudise chiratidzo chechiratidzo - cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), iyo inokanganisa zvirongwa zveprotini, kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza simba, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemamwe mahomoni. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zve endocrine zvinoumba mahomoni anoita mamwe mabasa mumuviri.
• Utachiona hwekorosi
Mhinduro inonyanya kushandiswa kwemasimba emagetsi emagetsi, zvichibudisa mahomoni thyroxine uye triiodothyronine.
• Zvinyorwa zvepathyroid
Dzinobereka hormone parathyroid, iyo inosanganiswa mumutemo we calcium metabolism.
• Pancreas
Basa guru repancreas ndiyo yekugadzirwa kwemakemikari emuviri. Mukuwedzera, inogadzira mahomoni insulin uye glucagon.
• Adrenal glands
Icho chikamu chekunze cheadrenals chinonzi cortex. Inobereka corticosteroid hormone, kusanganisira aldosterone (inobatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kwemvura-munyu metabolism) uye hydrocortisone (inobatanidzwa mumagadziriro ekukura nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu). Mukuwedzera, iyo cortex inobereka mahomoni ehurume nevarumekadzi (androgens uye estrogens). Icho chikamu chemuviri wezere, kana uropi humwe, huri kukonzera kugadzirwa kweAdrenaline uye norepinephrine. Kubatana kwemahomoni maviri aya kunobatsira kuwedzera kwemaitiro emwoyo, kuwedzerwa muropa rekuisa kweropa uye kubuda kweropa kumisungo. Kuwedzerwa kana kushaya mahomoni kunogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere zvakakomba, kukurudzira anomalies kana kufa. Kwose kudzora pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwamahomoni (nhamba yavo uye rhythm ye excretion) neuropi.
Iyo pituitary gland
Gland inonzi pituitary ipfundo rakaita sezvenje riri pasi peuropi uye rinobudisa mahomoni anopfuura makumi maviri. Aya mahomoni anobatsira kutonga basa rekunyora kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzedzemine. Iko pituitary gland ine malobes maviri. Chikamu chinonzi anterior (adenohypophysis) chinogadzira mahomoni anodzora kushanda kwezvimwe zvipembenene zvemagokora.
Iyo inonyanya kukosha mahomoni emuti wepituitary ndeyi:
• Utachiona-hunokonzera hormone (TTG) - inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwe thyroxine nehutano hwetroroid;
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - inowedzera kubudiswa kwehomoni nemadonal adlands;
• nhengo ye-horlicone (stimulating hormone) (FSH) uye luteinizing hormone (LH) - inokurudzira basa remashizha uye ma testes;
• Kuwedzera hormone (HHG).
Posterior lobe yechirwere chepituitary
Izvozvo zvinotevera chikamu chepituitary (neurohypophysis) chinokonzerwa nekuunganidza uye kusunungurwa kwehomoni inogadzirwa mu hypothalamus:
• vasopressin, kana antidiuretic hormone (ADH), - inodzora ivhu rakabudiswa urine, nokudaro inobatsira mukuchengetedza mvura yemunyu;
• oxytocin - inokanganisa maronda anonyorera emuviri uye basa rezvinyorwa zvemamota, kupinda muchirongwa chekuendesa uye chikafu.
Icho chinonzi, iyo inonzi feedback system, inobvumira pituitary kuti ione kana zvichidikanwa kuti iparadzanise mahomoni anokonzera gland rinowirirana. Muenzaniso wekuzvimiririra pamusana pemhinduro ndeyekuita kwemahomoni ekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko evharoxin. Kuwedzera thyroxine yakagadzirwa nehutachiona hutano kunotungamirira kudzvinyirira kwepituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Basa reTSH nderekuwedzera kubudiswa kwe thyroxine nehutachiona hwehutachiona.Ikuderera muhutano hweTSH kunoita kuti kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwe thyroxine. Pangopera kuvhara kwayo kunowira mumucheka wepituitary inopindura kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kweTSH, iyo inobatsira pakugara uchichengetedza mazinga anodiwa e thyroxine mumuviri. Izwi remhinduro rinoshanda pasi pekutonga kwe hypothalamus, iyo inogamuchira ruzivo kubva kune endocrine uye nout system. Kubva pane ruzivo urwu, iyo hypothalamus inovanza petideti yepamutemo, iyo inopinda muhutu hwepituitary.