Kukanganisa kana kusavapo kwekunzwa kwakadaro kunosangana nekuderera kukuru mumamiriro evanhu vanovimba. Munhu anenge akapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka anoshuva kufarira kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwekemikari iri muuropi. Kugadzirisa kwehutano hwemagetsi kusvika pakusimudzira kunopera nenguva, izvo zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwekuregerera - chido chekuwedzera chiremba kuti chibudirire kudiwa.
Kuchengetedza chirwere
Kugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mupfungwa zvinofambidzana nekuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechirwere:
- psychostimulants - kushushikana, kuora mwoyo, kurara kwenguva refu;
- runyararo - kufunganya, kudengenyeka, kunetseka;
- mbanje - kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana, kusuruvara, kusava nenzara, kuora kurasikirwa;
- heroin - zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa uye zvepanyama.
Kubudirira kwemakemikari kuzvidzora kunoshungurudzwa nehuwandu hwepfungwa dzepfungwa, kusanganisira huchenjeri nehuunhu hweunhu oga:
- kushuva kunokanganisa - kunogona kusimuka, somuenzaniso, musangano rekusvuta nekudya;
- Unhu hweunhu - humwe hunotsanangurwa hwakadai sekuda kwekusimudzira uye rudzi rwekuita kune matambudziko;
- hukama hwevanhu - mukuumbwa kwekuvimba kune basa guru rinowanikwa nemitemo yekutsika yakagamuchirwa munharaunda yakasununguka yemagariro evanhu.
Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa zvinodhaka ndevechidiki, kakawanda varume. Chiitiko chaicho ndechekuvandudzwa kwekare kwekuvimba nemishonga "inogamuchirwa nevanhu" - doro uye nicotine, iyo dzimwe nguva inopinda mukushandiswa kwemuchu, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mishonga inorema. Kazhinji chinhu chinovimbiswa ndicho chemikemikari inobvumirwa (nicotine, doro kana kunyange yakasimba tea nekofi) kana kurambidzwa (mbanje, heroin). Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chezvinhu zvakarambidzwa ndiyo mbanje. Maererano nehuwandu, vazhinji vevechidiki vari pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu muhupenyu hwavo vakaidza marijuana. Kushandiswa kwe ecstasy, LSD uye cocaine munguva yedu yatova chiitiko chechidiki chinowanikwa.
Nhoroondo
Dambudziko rekuchengetedzwa kwemakemikari kwavepo kwenguva yakareba. Muzana remakore XVII-XVIII, kunwa waini kwaive kwakachengeteka kudarika kushandisa mvura isingawaniki. Pakati pezana remakore rechina, opium inogona kutengwa muchitoro. Muma 50-60s ezana remakore rapfuura, mishonga inowanzoshandiswa yaiva amphetamine, iyo yaiwanzogadziriswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekurapa, pamwe chete nebhabiturates. Muna 1975, nhepfenyuro yekushandiswa kwezvinyararire, kugadzirisa uye kukurudzira kwakatanga. Pari zvino, vanachiremba vanowanzotaurira mishonga iyi nekuda kwekukwanisa kuve nekudhakwa uye kuvimba.
Zvinorambidzwa zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira:
- psychostimulants (amphetamines, ecstasy, mbanje uye cocaine);
- runyararo (barbiturates, neuroleptics, heroin);
- hallucinogens (LSD).
Kusiyana pakati pekushandisa uye kushungurudzwa (maererano nezvose zviri pamutemo uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka), kunyanya, chiyero chekuzvidzivirira uye mimwe migumisiro yekubvuma kwavo. Iro tsika yekutaura nezvekushungurudzwa mune zviitiko apo zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa uye upenyu hwomunhu hwakakwana. Vakawanda vanobvumirana kuti kushungurudzwa kunogona kuongororwa apo, semugumisiro wekugara uchinwa doro, munhu uye zvisikwa zvake ane zvinetso zvepanyama kana zvemagariro.
Zviratidzo zvekushandisa zvinodhaka
Vanhu vanovimba nemishonga vanogona kushandisa panguva imwechete vakashandisa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Zviratidzo zvekushandisa zvinodhaka nguva dzose zvinogona kusanganisira kuchinja maitiro, kuwedzera kwekutsumwa, kuvhara, kuvhiringidzika, kushushikana kwepfungwa zvinoshanduka, kusava nenzara, kurasikirwa kwechido mukudzidza nekuvaraidza. Zvechokwadi, zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuva nezvimwe zvinokonzera. Chiratidzo chakajeka chinogona kunge chiri kupinza kwakapinza kwevadzidzi, pamwe nekuchengetwa kwemashira nesingano. Sezvo wakaziva kuti mwana wako ari kushandisa zvinodhaka, zvakakosha kuti "ufukidze tsvimbo". Vakawanda vari kuyaruka vari kuedza kusvuta mbanje, pasina kuenderera mberi kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Kurapa
Chinhu chinotyisa ndechokuvimba nemishonga, nzira dzokukunda dzinopiwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Urongwa hwekurapa hunogadzirwa pamwe chete nachiremba. Kugadzirisa zvinetso zvehutano zvine chokuita nekushandisa zvinodhaka, unogona kubatsirwa rubatsiro rwepfungwa. Apo kushungurudzika kwetematic kunokura semugumisiro wokusvuta mbanje, kunwa doro kana heroin, inowanzodikanwa kudana kune vamwe vashandi. Nzvimbo huru dzekugadzirisa kuvimba ndeyekuwedzera kwechikonzero chokusiya tsika yakaipa, kupa ruzivo pamusoro penzira dzinobatsira dzokukunda, uye, kana zvichidiwa, mushonga wezvinodhaka. Nhamba yekukuvadza kubva pakutora mishonga yakasiyana. Izvo zvinowanzo, kunyanya, pamusoro pezviito zvechiito chechizivo chinoshandiswa uye unhu hweunhu hwemurwere. Kusvuta kunowedzera mukana wekenza yemapapu uye mwoyo kusakundikana. Doro kana kunwa doro zvinodhaka kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro isina kunaka yemagariro evanhu. Kuvimba nemishonga kunokanganisa kunokonzera matambudziko akawanda. Kuvimba nemhando ipi zvayo kunoita kuti munhu anyengedzere, udyire uye anokwanisa kutora vamwe.
Kuwedzerwa kwehutano hwepfungwa kunobva kune rudzi rwechirwere: marijuana - mune vamwe vanhu kushandiswa kwayo hakuiti kukanganisa, asi izvi zvinowanzokonzera njodzi dzinouraya. Kushandisa zvakanyanya mbanje kunogona kutungamirira kune zvikamu zvepfungwa dzakanyanya. Nekushandisa kusingaperi, pangave nekuderera kwechido chepabonde nekuputsa kwekwanisi yekuisa pfungwa; mu heroin - kutora ichi chinodhaka kunobatanidza nehuwandu hwekufa kubva pane kudarika. Mimwe migumisiro inogona kusanganisira zvirwere zvokufema uye kuvimbiswa. Zvisinei, njodzi huru iri mumugwagwa unotarisa wekutungamirira: kushandiswa kwezvirwere zvakagadziriswa uye nenyuchi zvinowanzoendesa kutapurirwa kwezvirwere, somuenzaniso HIV uye hepatitis; Ecstasy - kune dhesi pamusoro pekufa kwevechidiki vane kushandisa kwechirwere ichi, zvichida nekuda kwekudzikisa muviri.
Pane uchapupu hwakavimbika hwekuti vechidiki vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera vanowanzoziva "mishonga yemutemo" kutanga. Kana wechidiki asina kutarisana nekusvuta, doro kana madhiragi asati ava nemakore 18-25, mikana yekushandiswa kwavo munguva yemberi yakanyanya kuderedzwa. Nokudaro, nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira inogona kuva yekudzivirira kutanga kunwa uye kusvuta. Kune nzvimbo dzekugara kwevanhu munzanga dzevanhu vanotambura nedoro rekudhakwa. Kuramba mavari kunobatsira zvikuru kune vasina kuroorwa - kunovapa mukana wekuchinja mararamiro avo nenzira iyo hapasina nzvimbo yekudhakwa mukati maro.