Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, ganda uye vatsvene vemaziso vanowana ruvara rwemuchero nekuda kwechirevo chakashata che bilirubin pigment muropa. Bilirubin inowanzogadziriswa yechishandiso cheheme-iron chikamu che hemoglobin erythrocytes. Kune matatu mitatu mikuru ye jaundice: hepatic-cell, hemolytic uye inopesana. Zviratidzo zvezviitiko izvi zvinofanira kunyatsoongororwa kuti zvive zvakanyatsozivikanwa.
Hemolytic jaundice
Hemolytic jaundice ndiwo mugumisiro wekuparadzwa kwe erythrocytes. Urini iri muvarwere ava inowanzo ruvara, nokuti nerudzi urwu rwejerice, iyo isina kusvibiswa yebilirubin inounganidza muropa. Kuvapo kweurobilinogen mumucheka (basa rechiropa harina kuputsika) rinovapa iyo yakaratidza ruvara.
Kubvisa jaundice
Kuvhara majoundice kunowanzovapo pamberi pekudzivirira kwekubuda kwebi. Muvatachiona, kudonha kwebhuruu kunowanzoonekwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura yakasanganiswa nemvura yebilirubin, pamwe nekududzirwa kwemafuta. Kuwedzera kwemazinga ebilirubin muropa kunokonzera kuora kukuru. Chiratidzo chekudzimirwa kwe-extrahepatic bile ducts kunogona kuva nefivha uye chills. Nhamba yakakwirira yebilirubin uye, maererano naizvozvo, jaundice inogona kukura semugumisiro wematatu makuru:
- kuparadzwa kukuru kwe erythrocytes (hemolysis) nokuwedzerwa kwakanyanya kwe insoluble bilirubin muropa;
- kukanganisa mavhesi eropa, izvo zvinoita kuti kusakwanira kugadziriswa kwebilirubin-isina kusvibiswa nemvura;
- kuvhara (kubviswa) munzira yekuwedzerwa kwebilirubin inogadziriswa mumvura muchiedza chemukati. Muchiitiko ichi, kunyange huwandu hunowanikwa hweguruji haugone kubudiswa nemasese uye urini.
Hemolytic jaundice
Kuwedzera kwekuparadzwa kwe erythrocytes kunoitika:
• muvana vasati vaberekwa vane masero matsvuku eropa;
• kune varwere vane malaria; mune varwere vane sickle cell anemia;
• nehutano spherocytosis (kuvapo kwechimiro chisina kujairika muropa reyerythrocytes).
Hepatic-cellular jaundice
Hepatic-cell jaundice inokura muhutachiona hwehutachiona, kunyanya mu hepatitis A, B, C, D uye E. Jaundice inobatanawo nekushongedzwa kwemishonga. Hupenyu hwe erythrocytes inenge mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri, mushure mezvo ivo vanoparadzwa muchero. Munyaya iyi, insoluble bilirubin inosunungurwa, iyo isiri yakanyanyiswa neitsvo. Neine ropa, inotumirwa kuchiropa, iyo inoshanduka kuva fomu yakasvibiswa nemvura. Kubva pachiropa, zhinji ye-bilirubin inogadzikana inopfuura nepakati pezvinokonzerwa neB bile mu-gallbladder, uye kubva ipapo kuenda kumumbo. Mukati yekutin lumen, inogadziriswa bilirubin inoendeswa mberi nekugadziriswa kwebhakitiriya kuti igadzire chinhu chinopa ruvara rwemhando kune tsvina. Urobilinogen - chimiro chekushandurwa bilirubin - chikamu chinopindirwa muropa remvura uye chakanyanyiswa neitsvo uye chiropa.
Izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva chikonzero che jaundice.
• Kuvapo kwezvikamu zvekurwadziwa uye chirwere chepakati chejeri chingave chinoratidza zvirwere.
• Kuwedzera kwejerice pamwe chete nekurasikirwa kwemazivi kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekenza yepancreatic. 1 Kunwa doro zvisina kunaka kana kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwezvinodhaka munhau kunoratidza kuti kuipa kwechiropa.
Kuongorora kuongororwa
• Kuongororwa kweropa kuti uone rudzi uye kusuruvara kwe jaundice. Nekuvharidzira chirwere chemajeri, chiyero che-enzyme chaiyo ye alkaline phosphatase inowedzera zvakanyanya. Kukundwa kwemasero eropa kunofambidzana nekuwedzera mumusana we transaminases. Neine anemia, kuongororwa kweropa kuchaona kuderera kwechiverengero chemasero matsvuku eropa uye kuvapo kweirwere serosi kana spherocytes. Ultrasound uye dzimwe nzira dzekufungidzira dzichayeuka kujekesa rudzi rwekudzivirira. Kuti uongorore chirwere chisingaperi chine hepatitis, chiropa chinonyanyisa chinogona kudiwa. Mazano ekurapa anoenderana nemhando uye chinokonzera jaundice, I Hepatitis A hairevi kurapwa kwakanaka kwekurapa. Varwere vanorayirwa kuti vatevere kudya uye vasarega kunwa doro. Kurwara kwehepatitis hakugoni kurapwa nemishonga inodhaka. Kuvharidza chirwere chinonzi jaundice kunogona kushanda kushandiswa zvichienderana nechinokonzera kugadziriswa uye nzvimbo yaro. Izvo zvinoreva maitiro akawanda e jaundice zvinofadza. Kushungurudzika kwehupembenene hwehupatachi hunoitika kana:
- zviratidzo hazvigadziriswi;
- chiropa chakawedzerwa;
- pane nzvimbo dzechipiri dzekufa kwemasero emuropa dzinowanikwa;
- kuongorora kwechiropa kunowedzerwa mukati memwedzi 6-12.
Kurwara kwehupatachi uye kunyanya chirwere chetachiona chinetso chakakomba uye chinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akadai se:
- hepatic insufficiency;
- kubuda kubva panoputi.
Kubudirira kwe jaundice - chiratidzo chezvirwere zvakawanda zveropa - zvinogona kudziviswa. Nokudzivirira kutapurika kwehupatachi nehutachiona-mutauriri wekutengesa nzira (A uye E) paunenge uchienda kunzvimbo dzakaoma, mitemo inotevera inofanira kuteverwa:
- Shandisa mvura yakabikwa kana yakabhodzwa chete, kunyange yekunatsa meno ako;
- Paunoshandisa mahwendefa ekuchenesa mvura, nyatsotevera mirayiridzo;
- Dzivisa kudya zvokudya zvakachengetwa kana kubikwa mumamiriro asina tsvina;
- Usashandisa ice kuti uzonakisa zvinwiwa uye usadya zvokudya zvisina kutenderwa;
- Shamba maoko usati wadya uye mushure mokushandisa chimbuzi.
Kudzivirira hepatitis, kuparidzwa kuburikidza neropa uye zvepabonde (B, C, D), inopa:
- kudzivisa kuita zvepabonde zvepabonde;
- kondomu kushandiswa.