Chii chinoshandiswa nemvura?
Kugutsikana kwakakwana kwemvura kunodiwa pakuita kwebasa rayo zvakakwana yese yese semuviri. Nokudaro, tinonzwa kusuruvara, kuneta, kana kupera mvura kunongova 2% yehutatu hwemuviri. Uye kana mvura inogunzva mumuviri inodonha ne 9%, izvi zvinotoita kuti uwane zvinetso zveutano zvakakomba. Iwe uchashamiswa, asi hatigoni kunyange kufema pasina mvura! Inhaled air, isati yasvika mumapapu emunhu, inofanira kunge ichizadzwa nemhepo yakanyoro.
Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakaratidza kuti zvinodarika mazana 800 zvingave zviripo mumvura yepombi. Uye vazhinji vavo havabatsiri muviri. Uyezve, maererano nehuwandu hwekudengenyeka kwezvakatipoteredza, huwandu hwehuipi hunokuvadza huri mumvura hunoramba huchiwedzera. Mishonga yekurapa uye nheyo yenyika pamusoro pemvura pasi pano haigoni kurarama nekucheneswa kwavo. Kuchenesa mvura yekunwa, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa ruzivo rwezvesayenzi uye nzira dzakakosha.
Ndeipi ngozi dzekusava mumvura?
Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kufanana nekusvibiswa kwemvura kubva pompombi inogona kunzi chlorine. Kuvapo kweklorini kunogona kugadziriswa nesingafadzi, asi "kunorwadza" kunhuwira kunhu. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, chlorination munguva yayo yakabatsira kuchenesa mvura kubva kune mishonga inouraya yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira. Zvisinei, mushure mechinguva, kukorodzwa kunokonzera dzimwe zvirwere zvinotyisa. Somugumisiro wezvinoitika pakati peklorini uye zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakasanganiswa mumvura, zvinokonzera hutachiona hwemagetsi zvinoumbwa. Izvo ndizvo zvinokonzera kukura kwekenza uye zvirwere zvemoyo, zvinotungamirira kuchiropa uye kuora kwepvo, pamwe nekukwegura kusati kwasvika. Zvinosuruvarisa, nhasi trihalomethanes zvikava zvidimbu zvinowanikwa zvekunwa mvura. Nokudaro, kucheneswa kwemvura yekunwa kubva kune chlorine kunogadziriswa! Nzira iri nyore ndeyokuchengeta mvura kwemaawa akawanda. Flying chlorine inowanzobuda mumvura. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekunatswa kwakakwana, kusanganisira kubva ku trihalomethanes, mafiritsi akasiyana-siyana anofanira kushandiswa.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza zvinoputika mumvura zvinounganidza mumuviri wedu uye zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwezvirwere zvisingaperi nemigumisiro yenguva refu. Hezvino pane mbiri yeanopfuura 800 inokanganisa makemikari inowanikwa mumvura yekunwa. Iko mercury uye mutungamiri. Mercury inowedzera ngozi kune chero mhuka inorarama. Kana mercury kubva mumvura eguta iro mvura inofanira kunge inofanira kubviswa, ipapo matsime emumusha kubva maari haana kunyatsochengetedzwa. Kunyanyisa zvakawanda zve mercury mumvura pasi pevhu munzvimbo dzekurima kwekurima. Vachirwadziwa nemvura, vanofudza mombe uye vanodiridza ivhu rekurima. Somugumisiro, mercury inounganidza mune nyama, mishonga yemiti uye mbeu. Kuoma kwe mercury kunogona kusakanganiswa uye kupfuura kucheneswa kwehutsanana. Zvisinei, mercury kuburikidza nezvokudya zvinopinda mumuviri wedu uye zvinowedzera mumasero. Mhepo inopisa chepfu inowanzokonzera zvinetso zveganda, inotungamirira kuropa uye kuora kwepvo, kuora mazino, inokonzera kubuda mukati.
Imwe imwe nyoro yakawanda yemasimbi mukati memvura inotungamirira. Ichi chemikemikari chinhu chinotyisa zvikuru! Mutungamiri ane migumisiro yakaipa pamusana pekutya uye kubereka, kurambidza kunzwa uye kunokurudzira ropa. Nezinga rakakwirira rekufungidzirwa, mutungamiri unokonzera kukura kwevana, kuderera kwekwanisi yekudzidza. Uyewo kuora kwepvo nekushaya ropa. Vana vari kunyanya kufunga nezvekutungamirira.
Mvura inobva pamapopu ndiyo inotangira zvirwere
Mvura inyanzvi yepasi rose yekutapurirwa kwezvirwere zvakawanda. Cholera - iyo yakaipisisa kupfuura iyo munguva yapfuura yapfuura - zvinosuruvarisa, haisati yava nzvimbo yezvakaitika kare. Izvi zvichangobva kusimbisa zvirwere zveMikolayiv neDagestan. Nekororera mumusana pemigumisiro uye kuwanda kwezvirwere zvekare munguva imwe yapfuura, chimwe chiitiko chemahombekombe chemvura - typhoid fever - yakanga ichikwikwidza. Uye kunyange zvirwere zvipembenene hazvisati zviri munguva yedu, kuputika kwekodera uye typhus kunoitika. Nhamba yezvinyorwa zvepathogenic zvinoparadzirwa nemvura zvinopfuurirwa nemaaktheria, zvirwere zvebrucellosis, salmonellosis, dysentery nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira. Izvi zvakatevedzwa nemavirusi, ayo anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeye hepatitis A virusi.
Mukuvapo kwekumuka kwezvirwere zvinotapukira, kusachena kwemvura kunatswa kwehuwandu hwemvura yehupenyu haisi nguva dzose mhosva. Kunyange mvura yakachena yakanatswa inogona kusvibiswa kare mumipopu, munzira inoenda kumajeri munzvimbo dzedu. Kunyanya kukuru ndiko kunogona kuitika ikoko, uko kwekare, mvura inoputika inoputika inomhanya pedyo negungwa. Uyewo kunzvimbo iyo mvura inodyidzwa mukati mezvivako zvine mapfupa. Muchiitiko ichi, apo mvura iri mumapapu yakasimbiswa, gomba rinogadzirwa uye inoyamwa mvura kubva kune denga rakapoteredza - nezvose zviri mariri.
Ndorudzii rwekuchenesa mvura yekunwa wandinofanira kusarudza?
Kana tikasagona kuvimba nemvura inoyerera kubva pompombi, rudzii rwekuchenesa runoshandiswa? Kakawanda, vatengi vanosarudza mvura yakabhoderedzwa. Vanhu nenzira imwechete vanotenda kuti hatina imwe nzira yekubuda nayo. Zvisinei, kutenga mvura yakabhoderedzwa inodhura uye haisi iyo nzira yakanakisisa yekubuda nayo. Hazvisi nyore kuti urambe uchingodhonza kubva muzvitoro zvinorema, kubva kwauri iwe unofanira kurasa. Mukuwedzera, hutano hwemvura yakabhoderedzwa hunoenderana nehana yevatori. Zvinosuruvarisa, kune dzakawanda zviitiko apo iyo yakarondedzerwa yehutano hwemvura haina kufanana nehuwandu hunhu hwemvura. Mukuwedzera, kune zviitiko zvefakes yemichina yakakurumbira. Kana iwe uchiri kuda kutenga mvura yakabhoderedzwa muzvitoro, kutenga zvigadzirwa zvevashambadzi vakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Usatora mvura yekutanga, kunyanya zvokudya zvevana.
Paunosarudza mvura yakabhoderedzwa, iva nechokwadi chekutarisa makemikari ayo. Mvura yakabhodha inopatsanurwa kuva mineral, yemasvingo uye yefurafura mvura. Kana iwe unwa mvura yemvura zuva rimwe nerimwe, mineral zvinhu zvinogona kuunganidza muwandu hwakawandisa. Uye, zvechokwadi, zvinokanganisa utano hwako. Somuenzaniso, sodium - inosimudza ropa. Calcium, kana yakagamuchirwa zvakakwana nemaminerari emvura, inogona kubatsira pakuumbwa kweiyo majozi. Kumwero mukuru, unhu hwemvura yekunwa yakasikwa hunobva pauhu hwekuparidzirwa kwemvura uye zvishandiso, kudzivirira uye kugadzira teknolojia. Uye, zvechokwadi, pamusoro pehutano hwezvakabva pachako. Kazhinji tafura yemvura yevashandi vazhinji inongova mvura yemapombi, inonatswa kubva kune chlorine.
Pane pfungwa pakati pevanhu kuti mvura inochenesa sirivha zvakanaka. Kwete mucheka usina ruvara wakafukidzwa nesirivha negoridhe. Masayendisiti kune rumwe rutivi anosimbisa zvinhu zvinokosha zvesirivha. Pamwe, usakurudzira kushandisa nzira iyi yekuchenesa mvura yekunwa kubva pompombi. Chokutanga, sirivha haigoni kuchenesa mvura, inongodzima chete. Kubvisa mabhakitiriya nemishonga, hauna kudzivirirwa kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvinokuvadza. Inhema yenhema yekuchengetedzwa yakasikwa. Chechipiri, kuti zvibudirire, nzvimbo yechinhu chechirivha inofanira kuva yakakura kwazvo. Chechitatu, vanachiremba havasi nechokwadi chekubatsirwa kwemvura yesirivha-oxidized. Pane zvinopesana nezvimwe zvirwere.
Mhando yakanakisisa yekunatswa kwekunwa mvura yemapombi ndiyo inoshandiswa mumhuri. Iwe unodzora nzira yacho iwe pachako uye iwe unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti mvura yakachena chaizvo. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kutora nzira inobatsira pakusarudzwa kwefaira yekuchenesa mvura. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu iwe unogona kuchengeta pahutano! Mafuta anotsvaga anonatsawo mvura. Asi kana iwe usingachinje nenguva, uchawana kusvibiswa kunokuvadza mune zvakapetwa kaviri. Sarudza unodhura yakawanda yemvura yakachena yekuchenesa system ye reverse osmosis. Rinoshanda sei? Pakutanga, mvura yepombi inopfurikidza nekatatu-pre-firiji, kubvisa zvidzitiro, mafungu, ivhu renyeredzi, colloidal particles. Uyewo chlorine, zvimwe zvisina kuchena kwezvinhu uye zvinhu zvinokanganisa kutora kwemvura. Ipapo mvura inonatswa pa molecular level maererano neshoko reverse osmosis. Makemikari, trihalomethanes, masimbi ane simba, chepfu, kusvibiswa kwezvisikwa, mazana emamwe emvura-anosvibisa zvinhu anodzingwa uye akashambidzwa. Ipamusoro-firisi inopa huwandu hwezana hwekuchenesa kwemvura kubva kubhakitiriya nemavirusi. Kusvika iye zvino, reverse osmosis ndiyo yakanyanya kunyanya uye inovimbika yekuchenesa mvura teknolojia.
Mushure mekushandura uku kushamisa, mvura yakachena inofanira kuva nekunakidza kunatsigira kunotsigira, iyo inowanzofananidzwa neinonaka yemvura kubva mutsime kana pamusoro pegomo-refu. Pachave pasina mvura - hakuzovi nehupenyu pasi pano. Pachava nenzvimbo isina chinhu, inotonhora. Mune simba redu kuchengetedza chishamiso ichi kubva kune zvishamiso, kudzivirira kubva kunogara kushungurudzika kwezvakatipoteredza, kusvibiswa. Inwa kakawanda mvura yakachena. Vanachiremba vanokurudzira kwete pasi pe2,5 malita emvura pazuva. Uye iwe uchava noutano hwakanaka uye unofara!