Ndeipi midzi inokura kubva kupi?
Yokutanga pamusoro pesimba rehutano hwekuonekwa kwomwana mumhuri pakuumbwa kwehupenyu hwake hwakatanga kutaura Francis Galton, mutauro weChirungu anthropologist, akadzoka pakupera kwezana remakore rechina. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Alfred Adler, chiremba wepfungwa dzeAustria, akaita svondo ye "ordinal positions", achitaura kuti rudzi rwekuberekwa rwakatemwa nenzira yekuzvarwa uye kuvapo kana kusavapo kwehama nehanzvadzi (mumutauro wepfungwa yepamusoro-hama). Mumakore ekuma1970, maDentral psychologist Lillian Belmont naFrancis Marolla vakapfuurira mune imwe dzidziso: vana vakuru vevana vaduku, vanodzika mano ake ekuchenjera (vanoti, vabereki havabhadhari vanhu vose). Zvisinei, kuedza maziviki ehutano kuvimba kwehutano hwekuberekwa nehuwandu hweIQ hauna kusimbisa.
Mukuru: "mambo asina chigaro choumambo"
"Uye ini ndakanga ndava kuberekwa!" - anodaro mukuru wangu, Andreya, ane kuzvikudza kusingafungi. Pachikonzero ichi anozviona achigara akarurama uye anodzidzisa hama dzake pamatanho ose. Iwe unogona kuvimba naye, asi dzimwe nguva anodarika tambo. Hongu, ikoko, dzimwe nguva anongotaura kune dzimwe mhosho dzekudzidzisa. Iye pachake haagamuchiri kutsoropodza. Kunyatsoita maitiro ekuberekwa kwekutanga, uyo aizivawo simba rerudo rwevabereki (mushure mezvose, akanga ari mwana oga kwechinguva), uye mutoro wekukanganisa kwavo, kuzvidya mwoyo, kusava nechokwadi. "Pamwana mukuru, vanaamai vaduku nemadzitateguru vachaedza maitiro ezvidzidzo (akanyorwa kubva kuvabereki vavo kana avo voga), achitarisira kuti zvikwanise kudzoka uye zvigumisiro. Mukufananidzira, dangwe rokutanga rakafanana ne "blotter", iro rinotanga kushandiswa kune blob uye rinotora yakawanda yeinki, "anodaro Elena Voznesenskaya, Ph.D., muongorori mukuru paIsi ye Social and Political Psychology ye National Academy of Sciences yeUkraine. - Asi mukuru wacho ane "muvengi" (munun'una kana hanzvadzi), uye anonzwa akadzingwa pachigaro chechigaro, anorota zvekuwanazve rudo rwevabereki, kuva iye akakurumbira (saka imidzi yemunhu anokwana zvakakwana kune yekutanga). Vabereki vanowanzosaziva zvisingaiti izvi, vachiti: "Iwe ndiwe mukuru, pinda, ivai muenzaniso!" Mukuwedzera, baba-amai vanomanikidzwa kune chikamu chikuru chebasa rekutarisira mwana: fodya, verenga nhau, tora kubva kuchikoro chechikoro, nezvimwewo. Pano kwete kutora mabasa evabereki? Kukomborerwa kwevakuru kunosanganisira chido, kushingaira, kutsungirira pakuzadzisa chinangwa: zvose mune zvetsika uye mune chimwe chinhu chitsva (dangwe rokutanga kazhinji rinova rinopfuurira bhizimisi remhuri). Vanosvika mumagariro evanhu, nzvimbo yakakwirira: maererano nehuwandu, hupfumi hwevatungamiri veUnited States vatangwe-matangwe.
Panewo kukanganisa: conservatism, chiremera, kusawirirana kune zvikanganiso (zvose zvevamwe uye vamwe), kuwedzerwa kunzwisisika uye kuzvidya mwoyo: mutoro wekutarisira haubvumi kuti usunungure uye unongonakidzwa noupenyu. Uye nechigaro choumambo! Kodzero yekutanga-nguva (chigaro, chivako) kune mwanakomana wedangwe anozivikanwa kubvira kare. Zvichida tsika iyi yaisanganiswa kwete ne "anthropological reasons" ("kuperevedza" kwevanhu, hupenyu hupfupi - zvinokosha kuti "kutama"), asiwo nemafungiro epfungwa dzematangwe (akavimbika, anokwanisa kutarisira)? "Hongu hongu. Mukuru kubva paudiki achiri muduku, akatarisana nechido chekuzvitarisira ivo nevamwe, saka igoisa mumaoko ake maitiro ehurumende - kuchinja kunonzwisisika. Mukuwedzera, matangwe, sekutonga, kukudza mhuri, "- anodaro Natalia Isaeva, chiremba wepfungwa, mushandi weInstitute of Consultative Psychology and Psychotherapy. Vakuru vakakurumbira: Winston Churchill, Boris Yeltsin, Adolf Hitler.
Medium: terra incognita
"Serednyachok" hairevi sehama kunyange kunze. Iye akadzikama, ane chibvumirano uye ane hanya, nguva dzose achihadzika (unodei ini?). Uyu "unhu," zvisinei, zvinokwezva zvinoshamisa kwaari: anonzi "akanaka kwazvo" naye boka rehama. Alfred Adler (ari, zvichiitika, mwana wechipiri mumhuri) akati "chiyero" zvakaoma kurondedzera, nokuti inogona kusanganisa zvinhu zvevakuru uye vaduku. Ndosaka zvakaoma kwaari kuti azvisarudze - hapana mazano akajeka. Kuva pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kumativi maviri (zvakakosha kubata mukuru uye asingabvumi kuti azviwanire kumudiki kumucheche), anorwisana panzvimbo yake muzuva uye anofanira "kutsika kumusoro" kuti aonekwe. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anopa mabhonasi: kusimbiswa kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu, diplomacy uye kuumbwa kwenzvimbo yorugare, inokwezva kune vamwe. Mukati, kukurukurirana panguva imwe chete nemapoka akasiyana-siyana evanhu (vanhu vakuru nevana), inobva yaenda kune yepamusoro "yakarurama" yepamusoro - "Mukuru", apo, kusiyana ne "Mubereki" kana kuti "Mwana" anogona kubvumirana nyore nyore. "Nzira" dzepakati-unhu hwakadzikama, huripo hunoita kuti kusava nehanya kwevabereki kunetseka (zvinotarisirwa zvakanyanya, hyperopeak), uyewo hukuru hwekukurukurirana (kukwanisa kuteerera, kugutsikana, kukurukura). Pakati pe "minuses" ndekushayikwa kwehutungamiri hunoenderana pamwe nechido chekukwikwidzana (dzimwe nguva, pasina kuongorora zvakajeka zvavanokwanisa, mwana anoisa zvinangwa zvisingafungidziki, uye kushaya kwekukundikana kunowedzera). Chido chekufadza mumwe nomumwe, zvakare, chinogona kutamba joke hutsinye - kuramba kuramba kuita zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi, "chiyero" dzimwe nguva zvinokuvadza iye pachake. Kusunungurwa kwekodzero dzevakuru uye ropafadzo dzevaduku, anonzwa zvakanyanya "kusaruramisira kwehupenyu." Iyo yegoridhe zvinoreva
Nyanzvi dzedu dzakarongeka hazvina kutsigira chidzidzo chechikoro chekuti nzvimbo yepakati ndiyo yakanyanya kuparara. Nzvimbo yemwana inogona kungoitwa nevabereki vasina kumboshanda matambudziko avo ehuduku, izvo zvinodzokorora chiitiko "chakakanganiswa" kamwechete. Kusina rudo muhuduku, zvino vanomupa "mugove", ndiye mwana uye anofanira kurwisana. Muchiitiko changu chepfungwa, izvi hazvina kumboitika. Zvichida, ndivo vakanyanya kunaka: vanongorarama uye vanofara. Mazana anozivikanwa: Mikhail Gorbachev, Vladimir Lenin, Gustave Flaubert.
Junior: Pet uye Sly
Akakanganwirwa vose - nokuda kwekutarisisa (kufanana nekati inobva "Shrek") uye unyoro, izvo-iye haanzwisisi. Kunyange zvazvo asiri mwana, nguva dzose anobva mumvura. Arseny ane makore mashanu uye, zvinoratidzika, haazomboregi (vakoma vake panguva ino vakanga vatova zvechokwadi "guru"). Saka kuva muduku kunobatsira? Zvakandiomera kuti ndipindure mubvunzo wake: "Amai, sei ndakaberekerwa mukupedzisira? .." Muduku aiva nerombo: haana kutyisidzika kwe "kubvisa chigaro choumambo" uye ane vabereki "vane ruzivo", akada kuita zvishoma kudzidzisa uye kupa rudo rusingaverengeki ("dzidzo kuburikidza nechimwechete moyo mukuru ", maererano naOlga Alekhina). Anogara akakomberedzwa nehanya (vabereki nevana vakuru). Uye mune izvi mano! Avo avo vakakura zvakanyanya, vasingazivi vanotsvaka kunonoka kuva ("regai ave mudiki"): kupa zvikamu zvishomanana, kuderedza kunosuwa, kumuitira izvo zvave achikwanisa kuzviita. Nokudaro, chido chechimwe chinhu chinobudirira mudiki hachina kukwana, uye kuzviremekedza kunowanzosimbiswa - kuzvifananidza nevakuru, mwana anoramba achirasikirwa. "Anomhanya zvishoma, chimwe chinhu hachizivi kuti ungaita sei, akapfekedza nguo dzehama dzake nevanofungidzirwa (saChi Kid, shamwari yaCarlson) kuti izvi zvichapararira kune zvimwe zvinhu zvenyika," anodaro Elena Voznesenskaya. Zvisinei, chinzvimbo chakadai chinosanganisira kuzvirwisana nevana vakwegura, godo uye ... kuchenjera. Muduku nguva dzose ane ruzivo rwekurwisana (kazhinji mushure memawindo) nekuda kwenzvimbo yake mumhuri. Uye kazhinji chikoro chake choupenyu chakanyanya kwazvo. Zvinhu zvakanaka zvemudiki: kusava nehanya, kutarisira, kusununguka kwekutaurirana. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinopesana, zvinotora simba kubva pakukurukurirana nevanhu uye havatyi kutora matambudziko. Pakati peizvi, vanyori uye masayendisiti avo "vakashandura nyika" kuburikidza nekuwanikwa kwavo uye vatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika vanowanzokura (maererano nekutsvakurudza kweAmerican historian Frank Salloway, uyo akadzidza zvinyorwa zvezvizvarwa zvinomwe zvinomwe zvezvakaitika kare nesayenzi). Kusagadzikana: pfungwa isina simba yokuzvimirira, zvichiita kuti kuputsa kwemiganhu yenzvimbo yevamwe vanhu, uyewo matambudziko nekuzvipira uye kuita zvisarudzo zvavo, saka basa ravo rinowanzo "kuora". Izvi zvinotungamirirwa nekutenda kwevaduku kuti "vanofanira kubatsira".
Icho benzi here?
Sei muzvinyorwa zvenhau inoitwa muduku kudarika iyi yakaoma? Chokutanga, sezvakaita Natalya Isaeva, pamberi pezana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe, vana vaduku vose mumhuri vainzi mapenzi (izvo zvaireva kuwedzera naivete uye kubwinya), uye Petro Mukuru akapa chirevo chakaipa kune iri shoko (chirevo chekureva upenzi). Munharaunda, benzi rinomiririra chinangwa chepakutanga - kusava nevana, kutendeseka uye kusununguka. Chechipiri, nemwana mumwe nomumwe anotevedzana, uwandu hwekutarisira kwevabereki hunoderera. "Uye kana iwe usinga" fadza ", saka hapana kuora mwoyo - kunyange kubudirira kunonyanya kuderera kwevaduku kuchava" tsika ", - anodaro Olga Alekhina. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, "mwana" anofanira kunge achiita zvimwe zvinhu uye achitsvaga zvake, akasiyana nevamwe, nzira yekubudirira nekukura. Ita feat, somuenzaniso. Idzo mhinduro iyo Ivan the Fool iri kutarisana nayo ndeye rudzi rwekudzidzira, mushure mezvo vanomutora kunyika ye "guru". Chidzidzo ndechekuti: kunyange kuvimba ne "unhu hwemucheche" nekuzvichengeta iwe, unogona kubudirira. Vane junior vakakurumbira: mwana weBhaibheri anopenga, Elizabeth Taylor, Bernard Shaw. Mutemo wekuberekwa hausi "chisimbiso chinonyangadza" icho chinotarisa kuguma. Asi kune chiyo chechokwadi mune izvi: vana, maererano nemudzidzi wechiFrench Françoise Dolto, vane ... kwete vabereki vakafanana zvachose. Amai mumakore makumi maviri uye mumamu pane makumi matatu nemasere - vanosiyana: vokutanga ndivo chete vanoziva nheyo dzehuamai, wechipiri - vakachenjera. Izvi zvinosiya chikwangwani pane zvakawanda zvedzidzo yekuita. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha: mamiriro ezvinhu mumhuri, mamiriro ezvinhu, kugoverwa kwemabasa pakati pevabereki, mafungiro kuvana ... Kana mamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ezvinhu emhuri achiwedzererwa nemafungiro ezvakaberekwa nemwana mumwe nomumwe, tinowana imwe "vanhu vangani, saka vazhinji vanofa." Hazvina mhosva kuti iwe unoti chii, chinhu chikuru ndechokuzvinzwa uri panzvimbo yako. Ndakabvunza mumwe nomumwe wevanakomana vacho: "Unofarira kuva mukuru (pakati, vaduku) here?" Dangwe racho rakapindura kuti: "Chokwadi! Chii chinonyanya kukosha? Simba! "Serednyachok akanyora kuti" anokosha "(pane vashomanana vevheji vevana), kunze kwekuti, nguva dzose ane vanobatana mumitambo. Uye mwana akakumbira korona yake: "Amai, sei ndaiva wokupedzisira akaberekwa?" Akabva afunga ndokuti: "Ndinofarira. Ini ndiri muduku pane vose! "